I-Hyperglycemia yisimo lapho isilinganiso se-glucose ku-plasma yegazi sidlula inani elijwayelekile. Ukuze ungabi nezinkinga zempilo, kungani ushukela omkhulu wegazi uyingozi, udinga ukwazi.
Umuntu wanamuhla usetshenziswa ukudla ukudla okunothela ushukela nsuku zonke, okungaphezu kwalokho umzimba okudingayo empeleni.
Ukudlula njalo kwezinga elivumelekile kuyingozi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokusebenza okujwayelekile kwezitho zomzimba, okungaholela ezifweni ezinkulu ngokuzayo, ngokwesibonelo, isifo sikashukela I noma i-II degree.
I-glucose metabolism emzimbeni
Ukuqonda izimbangela zesifo, kubalulekile ukuchaza izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni. I-glucose yakhiwa ushukela odliwe ngabantu. Ama-carbohydrate ahlukaniswa ngamangqamuzana amancane ngama-enzymes wokugaya. Ekugcineni, kwakheka ushukela egazini, elisatshalaliswa emzimbeni wonke.
Kunzima ukwedlula inani layo - “ushukela wegazi” onikeza amandla ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwamaseli, izicubu nezitho zomzimba. Ngemuva kokudla ngakunye, kukhona ukwanda koshukela wegazi. Kepha lesi simo sihlala isikhathi esifushane futhi sisheshe sibuyele kokujwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, esinye isimo kungenzeka. Uma ukugxuma okunjalo emazingeni kashukela kubonwa njalo futhi kuqhubeke isikhathi eside, izinguquko ze-pathological nakanjani ziqala ukwenzeka emzimbeni.
Ukwephuka kwe-glucose, i-insulin ye-hormone, ekhiqizwa kumanyikwe, iyadingeka. Lapho likhuphuka izinga likashukela wegazi, i-insulin ethe xaxa iyadingeka, lapho umthwalo we-pancreas unyuka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ilimele futhi ayikwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngobuningi obanele nekhwalithi. Ngenxa yalokhu, thayipha isifo sikashukela esiba khona.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esivame kakhulu (uhlobo II) yehlukile.
Kulokhu, i-pancreas imisa i-insulin ngobuningi obanele, kepha ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana e-beta kuyo kuphansi kakhulu.
Izizathu Zamazinga Ushukela
Ucwaningo selusungule uhla lonke lwezizathu zokukhula kwe-hyperglycemia.
Izimbangela ezisobala kakhulu ze-hyperglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophakeme) zimbili kuphela - ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreatic, indlela yokuphila engalungile.
Enye yezici ezivame ukuba sengozini yokuqhamuka nalesi sifo ukusetjenziswa kwamashukela amakhulu amnandi, ukudla okusheshayo, kanye nama-carbohydrate "alula".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo yilezi:
- ingcindezi ingadala amazinga kashukela. Iqiniso ngukuthi isenzo sama-hormone okucindezela siphambene ne-insulin, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wawo uvinjiwe;
- ukuntuleka kwamavithamini;
- ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba;
- isisindo ngokweqile;
- ushintsho olubukhali lwesisindo somzimba;
- ukujova i-insulin kumthamo obalwe ngokungalungile;
- ubudala
- isiphetho sofuzo;
- ukuthatha amaqembu athile wezidakamizwa ngehomoni.
Kepha kwezinye izimo, amazinga kashukela aphezulu angabhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Isibonelo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla, lapho ushukela ungena egazini. Imvamisa, i-hyperglycemia yenzeka ngemuva kwemidlalo. Ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukushiswa, kanye nezimo ezithile ezibuhlungu (isithuthwane, i-angina pectoris, i-myocardial infarction) nakho kungakhuphula kancane ushukela. Kepha imvamisa lo mphumela uhlala wesikhashana.
Ngokuqondene nezingane, ushukela wegazi ophakeme uyabonakala, okokuqala, ezimweni lapho ingane ivame ukubanjiswa ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi amaswidi. I-Hyperglycemia imvamisa ingumphumela wokutheleleka, ukwelashwa isikhathi eside nokungavikeleki komzimba. Ezinganeni ezincane, ushukela uvame ukukhuphuka ngokuqala kokudla okuhlanganisiwe, lapho izitsha zokudla okusanhlamvu nemikhiqizo yobisi kungeniswa ekudleni.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi i-hyperglycemia inqunywa ngokudabukisayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kunabantu abanesifo sikashukela emndenini, khona-ke lesi sifo singaba khona nasezinganeni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amawele ngokuvamile "ndawonye" ahlushwa ukubonakaliswa kwe-hyperglycemia.
Yini ubungozi be-hyperglycemia?
Ukwazi izimbangela ze-hyperglycemia, kulula ukuqagela ukuthi yini eyingozi ushukela wegazi nokuthi yini eyingozi empilweni yabantu. Okokuqala, uma i-hyperglycemia iphinda ivame njalo, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi lesi sifo sizoqala ukuthuthuka.
Okokuqala, umsebenzi wezitho ezithile zomzimba, kufaka phakathi ama-pancreas, ungathinteka. Futhi, lokhu, kuyingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela.
Amazinga kashukela egazi ayi-17 noma 18 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu ayingozi kakhulu. Lapho likhuphuka izinga likashukela, kulapho amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Le nkomba isivele ibhekwe njengenkinga enkulu. Ngokukhuphuka kokugxilwa kwe-glucose kuleli zinga, izimo ezinzima njengokufoka, i-ketoacidosis, nokusebenza kwenhliziyo okulimazayo kungenzeka.
Ngokwanda okukhulu koshukela, kunobungozi bokukhubazeka - isimo esisongela impilo yakho ngokusobala.
I-coma ejwayelekile kakhulu yeketoacitodic, lapho okuqukethwe izidumbu ze-ketone egazini kukhuphuka kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga le-insulin ye-hormone, ushukela awuphuli, ngokulandelana, inani elanele lamandla alingeni amaseli. Ukwenzela ukushoda, amaprotheni namafutha ayacutshungulwa, futhi imikhiqizo yawo yokuwohloka inomphumela olimazayo ebuchosheni.
I-Hypersmolar coma kungenzeka kuphela uma izinga ushukela lifinyelela umkhawulo obucayi ka-50 mmol / l, okuyinto engavamile. Lesi simo sibangela ukulahleka okusamanzana komzimba ngumzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, igazi liyaqina, ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa kuyaphazamiseka.
I-lactic acid demiotic coma ivela emazingeni aphezulu kashukela, futhi ngenxa yalokho ihluke kakhulu kune-hypersmolar. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-lactic acid egazini nezicubu. Njengoba i-lactic acid inobuthi, ngokunyuka okubukhali kokuhlushwa, ukwazi ukungasebenzi kahle, i-paresis noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo kungakhula.
Ekugcineni, inani elithile likashukela liyingozi ngoba "lisiza" ukuthuthukiswa kwamaseli womdlavuza. Njengezicubu ezinempilo, ezithintekile nazo zidinga amandla. Amazinga kashukela aphezulu ashukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-IGF ne-insulin, okuthuthukisa ukuthathwa koshukela.
Ngakho-ke, izicubu eziguqulwe ngokomqondo ngokuqukethwe okunoshukela omningi zikhula ngokushesha futhi zisheshe zithinte abanempilo.
Ushukela ojwayelekile
Ushukela wegazi ungenye yezinkomba zempilo yabantu. Ukuze ubone ukuthi ngabe kunezimpawu eziphazamisayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe ngokuphelele, kubandakanya nokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kuthatha ushukela emunweni nakwavemthanjeni. Ngosuku lwenqubo, kwenqatshelwe ukudla ukudla nokuphuza amanzi. Uma kungenzeka, kufanelekile ukugwema ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, ukucindezela, ngoba kungathinta umphumela wokugcina.
Izinga likashukela elijwayelekile liyefana kwabesifazane nabesilisa, kepha liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi igazi lithathwe kuphi:
- Ukusuka emunweni - kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / ilitha.
- Ukusuka kumthambo - i-4-6 mmol / ilitha.
Ezinye izinkomba zingabhekwa njengejwayelekile, ngoba okuqukethwe ushukela kuguquka usuku lonke. Ngakho-ke, uma igazi lithathelwa ukuhlaziywa ngemuva kokudla, khona-ke isibalo sizoba ejwayelekile esingu-7.8 mmol / L.
Inkomba ye-5.5 mmol / l ikhombisa ukuthi ushukela ujwayelekile futhi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Kepha uma inkomba ingaphezulu - ifinyelela ku-6.5 mmol / l, ukubekezelela ushukela oboshiwe kuyakhula. Ngalesi simo somzimba, isifo sikashukela asikakakhuli, yize sekukhona usongo oluqondile empilweni. Kulokhu, sekudingeka ukuthi athathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukukhula kwesifo.
Inkomba ye-6.5 noma ngaphezulu isivele ikhombisa ukuthi nge-mellitus ephezulu yesifo sikashukela esesivele sithuthukisiwe.
Futhi, ukwanda okuncane kwamazinga kashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-metabolism ishintsha kakhulu ukunikeza ingane ukondleka okudingekayo nokukhula. Ngakho-ke, i-3.8-5.8 mmol / L iyinkomba ejwayelekile ngokuphelele. Ukwanda kwe-glucose okufika ku-6.0 mmol / l sekuvele kukhombisa ukuthi kufanele kunakwe kakhulu empilweni.
Labo abahlela ukuhlolwa nezingane kufanele bahlole amazinga abo kashukela futhi lokhu kuyindlela enhle yokuvikela ushukela ezinganeni nakubazali. Ezinganeni, amanani ajwayelekile aphansi kunawabantu abadala. Isibonelo, enganeni engaphansi konyaka owodwa, izinga loshukela akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-2.2 mmol / L nangaphezulu kuka-4,4 mmol / L. Ngokuzayo, le nkomba izokwanda: kusuka onyakeni 1 kuya eminyakeni emi-5, inkomba ye-3.3-5 mmol / l ibhekwa njengejwayelekile.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko inikeza izincomo zokuthi wehlisa kanjani ushukela wegazi.
