Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kusetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni i-hormone yazo. Ezigulini ezinjalo, le ukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa engenakushintshwa nganoma yini.
Esikhathini sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, amaphilisi anqunyelwe ukunxeshezelwa, kepha ngokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, ukukhulelwa kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo, angadluliselwa ekuphathweni kwe-insulin noma, ngaphezu kwamathebulethi, kunconyelwa imijovo ye-insulin.
Uma isinxephezelo sikashukela singatholakali ngokudla namaphilisi futhi ngesifundo esinzima sesifo, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin kuvimbela ukukhula kwezinkinga zesifo sikashukela futhi kwandise impilo yeziguli. Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-insulin ukusabela kokungezwani ne-insulin, imvamisa kusimo sokuphendula sendawo, ukwehla okungatheni.
Izimbangela zokungezwani komzimba kumalungiselelo we-insulin
Lapho ngifunda ukwakheka kwe-insulin yezilwane neyomuntu, kwatholakala ukuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, i-insulin yengulube isondele kakhulu kubantu, ziyehluka nge-amino acid eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa kwe-insulin yezilwane isikhathi eside kwahlala ukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa.
Umphumela oyinhloko kwakuwukukhiqizwa kokungezwani komzimba namandla ahlukene nesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungiselelo e-insulin aqukethe ingxube ye-proinsulin, i-pancreatic polypeptide namanye amaprotheni. Cishe zonke iziguli, ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-insulin, ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, amasosha omzimba kulo avela egazini.
Ngokuyisisekelo, ama-allergies abangelwa yi-insulin uqobo, okuvame kakhulu ukungcoliswa amaprotheni noma okungewona amaprotheni. Amacala amancane kakhulu okungezwani nokubulawa komzimba kuye kwabikwa ngokufakwa kwe-insulin yabantu etholwe ngonjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. I-allergenic kunazo zonke yi-bovine insulin.
Ukwakheka kokuzwela okwengeziwe kuyenzeka ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukusabela kohlobo ngokushesha okuhambisana nokukhululwa kwe-immunoglobulin E. Ikhula ngemuva kwamahora angama-5-8. Kubonakala ngokuphendula kwasendaweni noma i-anaphylaxis.
- Ukusabela uhlobo lokubambezeleka. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-systemic okwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ayi-12-24. Kwenzeka ngesimo se-urticaria, edema noma i-anaphylactic reaction.
Ukubonakaliswa kwasendaweni kungabangelwa ukuphathwa okungalungile komuthi - inaliti enkulu, ifakwa ngaphakathi, esikhunjeni ilimele ngesikhathi sokuphatha, indawo engafanele ikhethwe, kufakwe i-insulin ethe xaxa.
Ukuboniswa kokungezwani ne-insulin
I-Allergy to insulin yabonwa kuma-20% eziguli. Ngokusebenzisa ama-insulin aphindaphindwayo, imvamisa yokuphendula komzimba iyancishiswa. Ngokuphendula kwendawo, ukubonakaliswa kuvame ukubonakala ngehora ngemuva komjovo, kuthathwa isikhathi esifushane futhi kusheshe kudlule ngaphandle kokwelashwa okukhethekile.
Ukuphendula kwendawo okuhamba kwesikhathi noma okubambezelayo kungakha amahora ama-4 kuye kwangama-24 ngemuva komjovo kanye namahora wokugcina angama-24. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zomtholampilo zokuphendula kwendawo kwe-hypersensitivity kuya ku-insulin kubukeka njengokubomvu kwesikhumba, ukuvuvukala nokulunywa endaweni yomjovo. Isikhumba se-Itchy singasakazekela ezithweni eziseduze.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuye kufakwe uphawu oluncane endaweni yomjovo, ophakama ngaphezu kwezinga lesikhumba. Le papule ihlala cishe izinsuku ezi-2. Inkinga engandile kakhulu yinto ye-Artyus-Sakharov. Ukusabela okunjalo kwendawo kuba khona uma i-insulin ilawulwa njalo endaweni eyodwa.
Ukuhlangana kuleli cala kuvela ngemuva kwesonto, kuhambisana nokudabukisa nokulunywa, uma imijovo iphinda iwela kuyi-papule enjalo, khona-ke kwakhiwa umgibeli. Khula kancane kancane, kuba buhlungu kakhulu bese kuthi, lapho igciwane linamathiselwe, livuthwe. Amafomu e-fisula ne-purulent fistula, izinga lokushisa liyenyuka.
Ukubonakaliswa kwesistimu yokungezwani ne-insulin akuvamile, kuboniswa ngokuphendula okunjalo:
- Ubomvu besikhumba.
- I-Urticaria, izilonda ezivuthayo.
- Idumela likaQuincke.
- Ukwethuka kwe-Anaphylactic.
- Isikhala se-bronchi.
- I-polyarthritis noma i-polyarthralgia.
- Ukuqunjelwa.
- Izindawo ezikhulisiwe ze-lymph.
Ukusabela okuhleliwe kumalungiselelo we-insulin kuyabonakala uma ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuphazamisekile isikhathi eside, bese kuphinde kwaqalwa kabusha.
Ukuxilongwa kokuphendula komzimba we-insulin
Ekuqaleni, i-immunologist noma i-allergist isungula ukuxhumana phakathi kokuphathwa kwamalungiselelo we-insulin nokubukeka kwe-hypersensitivity kuyo ngokususelwa ekucwaningeni kwezimpawu nasemlandweni we-allergic.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezinga likashukela, kuhlolwa igazi ngokujwayelekile nokuzimisela kwezinga lama-immunoglobulins, kanye namasampula ngokwethulwa kwama-microdoses ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-insulin. Zilawulwa ngokungemthetho ngethamo lika-0,02 ml futhi lihlolwe ngosayizi we-papule.
Ukuxilongwa, ukutheleleka ngegciwane, izifo zesikhumba, ukusabela kwe-pseudo-allergic kanye nokulunywa kwesikhumba njengokubonisa kokwehluleka kwezinso kufanele kungabandakanywa.
Enye yezimbangela zezimpawu ezinjalo kungaba yisifo segazi, kanye neoplasms.
Ukwelashwa kwe-allergy kuya kumalungiselelo we-insulin
Uma ukungezwani nokulungiswa kwe-insulin kubonakale njengokuqina bendawo, ubumnene bendawo, izimpawu zayo ziphela zodwa kungakapheli ihora, khona-ke ukuhlangana okunjalo akudingi ukwelashwa. Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside futhi ziba namandla emva komjovo ngamunye we-insulin, kuzobe kunqunywa ama-antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, diphenhydramine).
Imijovo ye-insulin yenziwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba, kuyilapho imvamisa yokuphatha inyuka, kanti umthamo ngomjovo ngamunye uyancipha. Uma ngasikhathi sinye ukusabela kwe-insulin kungazange kunyamalale, khona-ke isidakamizwa, noma ngabe i-bovine noma i-insulin yengulube, kufanele sithathwe esikhundleni sokuhlanzwa komuntu, lapho kungekho zinc.
Uma ukusabela kwe-systemic sekuthuthukile - i-urticaria, i-edema ye-Quincke noma i-anaphylactic shock, lapho-ke ukuphathwa okuphuthumayo kwe-Adrenaline, Prednisolone noma iHydrocortisone, ama-antihistamines kanye nokugcinwa kokuphefumula nokugeleza kwegazi esibhedlela kuyadingeka.
Njengoba isiguli singenakukwenza ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwe-insulin, umthamo wakhe uncishiswa okwesikhashana izikhathi ezi-3-4, bese kuthi kancane kancane, ngaphansi kwesidakamizwa semithi elwa nokungezwani nokwelashwa, ukhushulwe ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kwalowo owedlule.
Uma ukushaqeka okukhulu kwe-anaphylactic kuholele ekuqothulweni ngokuphelele kwe-insulin, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukwenza lezo zinyathelo:
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-insulin.
- Khetha umuthi ngempendulo okungenani
- Faka umthamo wokuqala omncane
- Khuphula kancane kancane umthamo ophethwe ukuphathwa kwegazi.
- Uma ukwelashwa kwe-allergies kungasebenzi, phatha i-insulin kanye ne-hydrocortisone.
Ukuziphatha kokudelela i-insulin kuqala ngomthamo oncishiswa izikhathi eziyi-10 uma kuqhathaniswa nobuncane, obudale ukusabela okuhle ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesikhumba. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuya ngohlelo, luyanda nsuku zonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, ekuqaleni, lezo zinyathelo zenziwa kumalungiselelo we-insulin asebenza ngamafuphi, bese kuba ngamafomu amade.
Uma isiguli sakha i-comia yesifo sikashukela ngendlela efana nesifo sikashukela se-ketoacidosis noma i-giperosmolar coma ne-insulin siyadingeka ngenxa yezizathu zezempilo, khona-ke indlela esetshenziswayo yokusheshisa okusheshayo isetshenziswa. I-insulin esebenza ngokubambisana ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 noma engama-30.
Ngaphambi kwale ndlela yokuhlolwa kwesikhumba, kukhethwa i-pharmacological kanye nomthamo wayo, esigulini esidala ukubonakaliswa okuncane kokungafani komzimba.
Uma ukusabela kwendawo kuvela phakathi kokudonswa kwenhliziyo, khona-ke umthamo we-insulin awukhuphuki kuze kube yilapho ukusabela kuqhubeka.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic, umthamo uncishiswa ngesigamu, bese i-insulin ifakwa ngokungeziwe, kuyilapho umthamo wayo ukhuphuka kancane.
Uma kunesidingo sokunciphisa umthamo we-insulin, isiguli sidluliselwa ekudleni okuphansi kwe-carb, lapho kusetshenziswa khona nama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi ngobuningi. Kulokhu, kusukela ekudleni udinga ukususa yonke imikhiqizo engathuthukisa ukubonakaliswa komzimba.
Imikhiqizo ephezulu kakhulu yokwelapha ifaka phakathi:
- Ubisi, ushizi, amaqanda.
- Ukudla okubhemile futhi okusemathinini, ukhukhamba, amasoso abilayo.
- I-pepper ebomvu, utamatisi, izaqathe, i-sorrel, isitshalo seqanda.
- Amajikijolo amaningi nezithelo.
- Amakhowe.
- Uju, amantongomane, cocoa, ikofi, utshwala.
- Ukudla kwasolwandle, i-caviar.
Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa iziphuzo zobisi olubilisiwe, ushizi we-cottage shizi, inyama enamafutha amancane, i-cod, i-sea bass, ama-apula aluhlaza, i-rose yasendle enoshukela, iklabishi, i-broccoli, ukhukhamba, amakhambi, i-zucchini.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko inikeza umbono we-antihistamine esebenza kahle kuma-allergies ekuthini i-insulin.
