I-anemia yesifo sikashukela iyinkinga cishe i-25% yazo zonke iziguli ezinayo. Kufanele wazi ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko nezindlela zokwelashwa ezenzelwe abanesifo sikashukela abane-anemia.
I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela yisilonda esibi se-microvasculature yezinso. Eminye i-pathologies yezinso ingaholela ekwehleni kwe-hemoglobin, kepha ngokuvela kwezimpawu zokuqala ze-nephropathy, kwehla okukhulu kwensimbi egazini.
Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo akugcini nje ukudonsela ukwehluleka kwezinso, kodwa futhi kubangela i-anemia, okuyingozi kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela.
Izici zesifo sikashukela
Lesi yisifo se-endocrine esisuka ekushoneni kwe-insulin noma isihlobo. Yi-hormone emzimbeni womuntu elawula ukwakheka kwamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha. I-insulin ikhiqizwa ama-pancreas njengempendulo yokwanda koshukela wegazi, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokudla.
I-insulin ihanjiswa kuwo wonke umzimba lapho ingena egazini. Le hormone ixhumana namaseli futhi inikeze ukucubungula i-glucose. I-insulin ihlinzeka ngoshukela omncane wegazi kanye nezicubu zomsoco. Isizathu sikashukela ukuthi umuntu unesifo se-insulin.
Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kuphelele, ngakho-ke ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin encane kakhulu noma angakhiqizi nhlobo. Ukushoda okuphelele kwaleli hormone kuqashelwa ohlotsheni 1 sikashukela. Ukuntuleka kwe-insulin okushiwo lapho inani lawo linganele i-glucose metabolism ejwayelekile.
Lesi simo sibonisa uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela, lapho umthamo womzimba we-insulin ungeke unikeze ukwehla kushukela wegazi ngenxa yokuncipha kokuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi yi-insulin ukumelana.
Ngokulashwa okungafanele futhi kukhuphuke isikhathi eside ushukela wegazi, isifo sikashukela sikhipha ukulimala okukhulu kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. Lo mphumela wesifo sikashukela uholela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-capillaries nemithambo yegazi emincane ekhulisa izicubu nezitho zomzimba ezinegazi zihlupheka.
Ngo-diabetesics, ngaphansi kwesimo sikashukela osezingeni eliphakeme, izindonga ze-arterioles ziqala ukugcwala ngama-carbohydrate kanye nama-complexes wamafutha, okuvezwa kulimala amaseli ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi nokukhula kwezicubu ezixhunywayo.
Ama-arterioles aneziguli ayasivala, futhi isitho esidlayo siqala ukuzwa ukungaphatheki kahle kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo. Umonakalo wezinso kusifo sikashukela i-mellitus noma isifo sikashukela sikhula ngokuya ngale ndlela.
Ukubhujiswa okungathi sína kwemikhumbi yezinso ngenxa yendlela okuholela ngayo ekufeni kwezicubu zezinso kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni sayo ngezicubu ezihlangene. Njengokwakhiwa kwe-nephropathy, izinso ziqala ukulahlekelwa amandla azo okuhlunga igazi futhi zenze umchamo, ngenxa yalokho, kwehluleka ukuqina kwezinso.
Bangaphezu kwengxenye yamacala okwehluleka ukwelapha izinso avele ngenxa yesifo sikashukela.
Izimpawu ze-anemia kushukela
Ukudangala nokukhathala kuyizimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi une-anemia. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela ne-anemia bahlala bezizwa becindezelekile futhi bekhathele. Ngisho nomsebenzi ojwayelekile wansuku zonke kuleli cala ubukeka weqisa.
I-anemia ihlala ivezwa ebuthakathakeni obukhulu. Imvamisa abantu abanesifo sikashukela baba nobuthakathaka ngisho noma behamba. Abantu bazizwa bekhathele yize nje bevukile.
Bonke abantu abahlushwa yisifo sikashukela babonakala ngezifo ezihlukene zokujikeleza kwegazi. Uma umuntu enezinyawo nezinyawo ezibandayo, khona-ke lokhu kubhekwa njengophawu olubalulekile lwe-anemia.
Udokotela unquma ukuthi ngabe imikhawulo ebandayo iyisibonakaliso se-anemia. Kulokhu, ishayela ezinyaweni likalwa. Imilenze ebandayo ibuye ibe uphawu olujwayelekile lwe-isifo sikashukela se-neuropathy.
Ubuhlungu bekhanda bungabangelwa yi-pathologies elandelayo:
- ukukhathala,
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme
- ukuntuleka kwegazi.
Ubuhlungu bekhanda bubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-iron anemia. Lokhu futhi kungukubonakaliswa kwe-anemia, ngoba ngale ndlela yokusebenza kwengqondo, ubuchopho abuhlinzeki ngegazi elanele. Futhi, i-anemia ibhekwa njengomphumela wokuthi umzimba awunawo lowo mthamo wamangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwale i-oksijini ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba.
I-Dyspnea iwuphawu olubonakalayo lwe-anemia kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngoba kungathinta inhliziyo, amaphaphu, izinso nezinye izitho zomzimba. Izitho ziyayeka ukusebenza ngokungenaphutha, kufushane komoya. Imvamisa, isiyezi ngesifo sikashukela siyabonakala.
Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kulezi zimpawu ezingenhla ze-anemia. Le pathology iphathwa ngamalungiselelo we-iron kanye nezinguquko ekudleni.
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde hhayi kuphela ukulawula i-glucose egazini, kepha futhi ubheke njalo ukubonakaliswa okubonisa ubunzima bezinkinga zokugula okukhona noma ukuba khona kwe-anemia.
I-anemia yisifo lapho inani le-hemoglobin namangqamuzana abomvu egazi lehla egazini. Njengoba wazi, emzimbeni womuntu, amangqamuzana egazi akhiwa emgqonyeni wethambo elibomvu.
Kepha ukuze ubuchopho obomvu busebenze, kumele kutholakale isibonakaliso ngohlobo lwe-erythropoietin. Le hormone ikhiqizwa amaseli ezinso.
Endabeni yesifo sikashukela se-nephropathy, amangqamuzana abamba iqhaza ekuhlanjulweni kwegazi ayafa. Amaseli akhiqiza i-erythropoietin nawo ayafa. Ngakho-ke, kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso, i-anemia yakheka kuma-diabetes.
Ngaphezu kokuntuleka kwe-erythropoietin ekwakhekeni kwe-anemia kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, indima ekhethekile idlalwa ngokulahleka njalo kwamaprotheni nensimbi, okuhambisana nokwehluleka kwe-renal. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-anemia inamuphi umphumela kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Ngokusho kwezifundo zesayensi, inkambo yokwehluleka kwezinso, evelile ngenxa yesifo sikashukela se-nephropathy, esikhathini esingaphezu kwengxenye yamacala, ihlanganiswa yi-anemia. Ngezinga elikhulu, i-anemia yehlisa ikhwalithi yempilo yabantu abanesifo sikashukela.
Unemia uyacasula:
- ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla
- ukulahleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba
- ukungasebenzi ngocansi
- ukwehla kwamakhono engqondo.
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela nesemia basengozini yokuba nezifo zenhliziyo, ngoba i-anemia kungenzeka ibe yinto ezimele ebangela ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwemithambo yegazi nenhliziyo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus
Lapho ukusebenza kwezinso kuwohloka, ingozi yokwanda kwe-anemia kubantu babo bobabili ubulili iyanda. Izinga le-hemoglobin lihlobene kakhulu ne-glomerular filtration rate, lokhu kuyasebenza nakubantu abanokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-creatinine.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anemia ihlotshaniswa ne-microalbuminuria, iyindawo yokumaka nokulimazeka kwama-microvessels futhi yenzeka ngaphambi kokusebenza kokuphazamiseka kwethambo.
Imvamisa i-anemia ivela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwensimbi noma amavithamini. Kuyenzeka:
- ukuntuleka kwe-iron anemia
- i-anemia ngokuntuleka kwe-folic acid, kanye novithamini B 12.
Ngokungafani namacala afakwe kuhlu, i-anemia, ebivela ngokungafani nesizinda sokwehluleka kwezinso kwabanesifo sikashukela, akunakuphikwa ukuthi ilashwe nabasebenza ngokumbiwa phansi abasekelayo. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, le ndlela ye-anemia iholela emiphumeleni emibi emzimbeni womuntu.
Njengoba isici esiyinhloko ekwakhekeni kwe-anemia kuma-diabetesics ukuswelakala kwe-erythropoietin, izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-erythropoietin ziyasetshenziswa ekwelapheni lesi sifo. Le nto yinto eyindalo eyinkimbinkimbi yemvelaphi yama-carbohydrate-protein.
Lapho wenza umuthi, i-erythropoietin iyahlanzwa ngezigaba eziningana, lokhu kuzonciphisa inani lokuphendula okungahambi kahle. Isifo sikashukela esine-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela sidinga ukufaka i-erythropoietin ngokuncipha kwe-hemoglobin egazini siye ku-120 g / l noma ngaphansi.
Lokhu kuqashelwa lapho i-anemia isesemncane. Futhi, into iphathwa uma okunye ukwelashwa, isibonelo, amalungiselelo we-iron, kungasebenzi.
Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi nange-erythropoietin kwenza ukuthi kubambezele ukwakheka kwe-angiopathy, okungukuthi, izilonda zemikhumbi emincane, yingakho nephropathy, okwenza sikwazi ukwenza i-prognosis evumayo futhi sithuthukise inkambo yesifo. I-Erythropoietin ingahanjiswa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela:
- ngokweqile
- ngomzimba.
Imvamisa, imijovo ihanjiswa kathathu ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Ucwaningo ekwelapheni i-anemia kanye nabantu abanesifo sikashukela kukhombisile ukuthi imijovo engaphansi kwe-erythropoietin iyasebenza njengaleyo engena emzimbeni.
Lokhu kwenza lula inqubo yokwelashwa, ngoba iziguli zingazifaka ngokwazo ngokuzimela. Imvamisa yemijovo ivame ukwehliswa kube kanye ngeviki uma kuthathwa umuthi kathathu womuthi.
Ukwandisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa kwe-anemia kuma-diabetes, imijovo ye-erythropoietin idinga ukulekelelwa ngamalungiselelo e-iron.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kuyindaba ende neyodwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kumele kususelwe ku:
- izinga lokukhula kwalesi sifo,
- izici zesineke
- i-pathologies ehlobene
- uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Uhlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology luthembele kwi-insulin, ukusetshenziswa kwensiza yokubuyisa esikhundleni se-insulin kanye nokwelashwa okubonisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubhekwa njengokubalulekile.
Kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izici ezicasulayo zibangela i-pathology. Lesi sifo sivame ukubangelwa ukuqothulwa kofuzo. I-Metformin yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 isetshenziswe amashumishumi eminyaka.
Ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, iMetformin ingeyama-buganides. Inemiphumela eminingana, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kodwa iMetformin ayikwazi ukuthathwa nge-pathologies:
- uhlelo lwenhliziyo
- izinso
- amaphaphu.
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, iMetformin ayinakusetshenziswa ekwehlulekeni kweziinso okungapheli. Ukugula okufana ne-viral hepatitis, i-cirrhosis nakho kubhekwa njenge-contraindication, futhi iMetformin ayinqunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nokuzwana kuMetformin.
Ngisho nokwanda okuncane kwezinga le-hepatic transaminases kugcizelela ukusetshenziswa komuthi wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Njengomthetho, ukwehluleka okungapheli kwezinso nge-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela, futhi ngenxa yalokho i-anemia, iba ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela abangakwamukeli ukwelashwa noma kubantu ukwelashwa kwabo okungajwayelekile amazinga eglucose.
Izindlela ezibalulekile zokuvimbela abantu abanesifo sikashukela yilezi:
- ukubonisana nodokotela ngesikhathi uma kuvela izimpawu zesifo sikashukela noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxilonga okufanelekile okusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi,
- ukulandela imithetho yokwelashwa nokudla okuvela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo,
- ukuziqapha njalo
- Ukuhlola ushukela wegazi kabili ngosuku,
- Ukushintsha irejimeni yokwelashwa uma kunesidingo,
- ukuyeka imikhuba emibi, okuzoholela ekuncipheni kwengozi yokuhlukumezeka kokuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo,
- Ukukhishwa kwamaphawundi angeziwe,
Isifo sikashukela asisabhekwa njengesifo esingalapheki. Ngenxa yezindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha, inani loshukela egazini lingalawulwa ngokuphumelelayo.
Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo e-insulin nezidakamizwa ezilwa nesifo sikashukela ukumisa inqubo ye-pathological. Kubalulekile futhi ukuyiguqula kakhulu indlela yakho yokuphila, ukunamathela ekudleni okunempilo nokwenza imisebenzi ethile yomzimba.
Ukuhambisana nohlelo lokwelashwa olucatshangwe kahle lwenza ukuthi kunxephezelwe ukusilela kwe-insulin iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuvela kwezinkinga ezinkulu. Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia ku-diabetesics kufanele kwenziwe nakanjani, ngoba i-anemia ayigcini nje ukwehlisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi isheshisa ukuqala kwezigaba ezinzima zesifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga zayo.
Ukudalwa okusebenzayo kwemithi emisha kuvumela ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela ne-anemia. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukumisa lesi sifo, ukusivimbele ekuqhubekeni ngezigaba ezinzima.
Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko inikeza izincomo ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma kutholwa i-anemia.
