Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esivamile lapho izinga likashukela wegazi lihlala likhuphuka khona ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe. Ngokusho kwe-WHO, lesi sifo sithatha indawo yesithathu ngemuva kwe-pathologies yemithambo yenhliziyo kanye ne-oncology.
Noma kunjalo, hhayi nje ukungasebenzi kahle kofuzo, kepha indlela yokuphila engasebenzi nemikhuba emibi kuholela ekuyalweni kwesifo. Futhi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperglycemia engapheli kunomthelela emiphumeleni emibi yemvelo kanye nokudla okungalingani.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isifo sikashukela singathinta ingane nomuntu omdala. Ngakho-ke, abaningi banesifiso kulo mbuzo: kungenzeka yini ukuqeda lesi sifo unomphela? Ukuqonda ukuthi imiphi imigomo yokwelashwa okufanele isetshenziswe, kufanele uqonde izimbangela zesifo.
Kungani kwenzeka isifo sikashukela?
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqonde ukuthi ungasusa kanjani isifo sikashukela, kufanele uqonde ukuthi iziphi izici ezithinta ukubukeka kwako. Ngakho-ke, kwaziwa kahle ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezifo - isifo sikashukela esingaxhomekeki ku-insulin.
Ngohlobo 1, i-pancreas ayakhiqizi i-hormone insulin, ebandakanyeka ekuguqulweni kweglucose ibe amandla. Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lubonakala ngokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin nokungabikho kokuzwela kuso kumaseli.
Inqubo yokuthola amandla yenziwa ngokuqhekeka kwamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha emangqamuzaneni nangenxa yokwakheka kwama-amino acid. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili.
Ngesikhathi sesigaba se-anaerobic, izinto zidilizwa zibe izingxenye ezintathu:
- isikhutha;
- i-lactic acid;
- amanzi.
Esiteji se-aerobic, ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-mitochondria, izinqubo ze-oxidative ziyenzeka. Ngemuva kwalokho umzimba uthola i-pyruvic acid, i-carbon dioxide, amanzi namandla.
Kodwa-ke, ukonga amandla esitokisini esisodwa kuncane, ngakho-ke kumele kubuye kwenziwe njalo. Lokhu kungatholakala ngosizo lomsebenzi womzimba, okuzosheshisa kakhulu imetabolism.
Kepha kwenzekani emzimbeni womuntu odla okuningi okungekuhle kokudla futhi aholele indlela yokuphila engafanele? Ngokwemvelo, amangqamuzana esitho esinjalo anqamuka ukusebenza kwawo okujwayelekile, kanti i-mitochondria iyavuvukala kusuka ekungondleki kahle, futhi isibalo sawo siyancipha ngokuzayo.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, inkambo ephelele yesigaba se-aerobic ayinakwenzeka. Kulesi simo, umzimba awuphuli ama-lipids, futhi inqubo yokugaya ukudla ifana kakhulu nokubola. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-lactic acid iyanqwabelana, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla akunakwenzeka.
Ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngamangqamuzana, lawo asheshe abe sengozini. Nakhu ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela: lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli we-pancreatic kuncipha, uhlobo lwe-1 luvela, namaseli we-beta, owesibili.
Kulokhu, ngamanani aphansi wamandla, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe indlela odla ngayo futhi unciphise inani lokudla elichithwayo. Kodwa-ke, uma isifo sikashukela sesivele sithuthukile, ukwelashwa kokudla akuvamile.
Ngakho-ke, isifo sikashukela sivela ngokwephethini ethile: lapho uthola inani elikhulu lama-kilojoule ukuthi umzimba awunasikhathi sokuwucubungula, ama-pancreas afaka i-insulin eningi. Kepha i-hormone ayiphuzwa ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, amangqamuzana ayeka ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi awakwamukeli. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba ulahlekelwa umuzwa we-insulin bese kuba nohlobo lwesibili sikashukela.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma isiguli esinokuphazamiseka okunjalo siqala ukuthatha imali esebenze ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana e-beta, khona-ke lokhu kuzomane kome lesi simo. Kulokhu, ama-pancreas azoqala ukukhiqiza i-insulin ngemodi esebenza kakhulu, engasiza ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga nasekuwohlokeni kwefomu elingathembele kwe-insulin.
Ngokuncipha kwesilinganiso se-metabolic, umzimba awudingi i-insulin eningi. Futhi ukuhlukunyezwa kokudla kwe-carbohydrate kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwe-hormone ngamanani amakhulu.
Njengomphumela, kuvela ukungalingani, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba kumaseli we-beta kanye ne-insulin. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo siba i-autoimmune.
Ungaselapha kanjani isifo sikashukela ngokusebenza komzimba?
Ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuqeda isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kufanele kucatshangwe izici eziningi. Esokuqala isikhathi sokuqhubeka kwesifo, ngoba isigaba sokuqala kwanoma yisiphi isifo silula futhi sisebenza ngempumelelo ukwelapha ukwedlula ifomu elinganakiwe.
Isici sesibili isimo samanyikwe. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzwela kwezicubu kwe-insulin, isitho sisebenza ngemodi ekhulayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amangqamuzana ancishisiwe, okungaholela ekuphepheni ngokuphelele kwe-hormone, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa okusheshayo, okuzovumela ukugcina i-pancreatic parenchyma.
Futhi, ukuba khona nengozi yezinkinga kuthinta impumelelo yokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, labo abanesifo sikashukela abangenayo i-retinopathy, nephropathy ne-neuropathy banethuba eliphezulu lokululama.
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokususa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ukufundisa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngemithwalo ejwayelekile ejwayelekile, amangqamuzana e-beta akhula, akhiqizwa yi-insulin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutholakale ukuthi ngesikhathi semidlalo, izinqubo ze-metabolic zenziwa zisebenze.
Ngemuva kokuzivocavoca, umzimba udinga i-insulin ukuze ululame. Ngakho-ke, ngokukhetha okulungile kokusebenza komzimba okwenziwe ngenani lesinxephezelo ngokweqile sempilo, kukhula amaseli we-beta.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma imuphi umthwalo, lapho izicubu zithinteka khona, umpompela igazi, ukuze lingene ngisho nasezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka zemithambo yegazi. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kukhuphuka ngokulethwa okuthe xaxa komoya-mpilo nezinye izinto ezidingekayo kumaseli.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi namakilasi okwelashwa ngokomzimba, ama-capillaries akhula hhayi kuphela ku-myocardium, kodwa futhi nasengqondweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi somsebenzi, uhlelo lokuphefumula nenhliziyo ziqala ukusebenza ngemodi yezomnotho.
Izazi zomzimba ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukwenziwa kwe-izicubu zamathambo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinhlelo nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene:
- musculoskeletal;
- ukuphefumula
- i-endocrine;
- ukuvikela umzimba
- kwenhliziyo;
- i-biochemical;
- ukushintshana;
- amandla.
Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imfundo yokuzivocavoca ayikwazi ukuba yilungu le-insulin eligcwele ngokugcwele, kodwa ngosizo lwayo kungenzeka ukunciphisa umthamo ube okungenani. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ngesikhathi sokwanda komsebenzi, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, izici ezibangela ukuqubuka kwesifo kanye nokuvela kwezinkinga kuqedwe, emva kwalokho ukwelashwa okuphelele kungenzeka.
Kepha naphezu kobunzima kwezemidlalo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe, ngoba ukulayisha ngokulinganisela okuhlelekile kungayithuthukisa kakhulu inhlala-kahle yeziguli.
Ukwelashwa kokudla
Ukwelashwa kokudla kuzosiza ukuguqula isimo somuntu onesigaba esithuthukile sikashukela futhi belaphe uhlobo olulula lwesifo. Ngefomu lesifo elincike ku-insulin, imifino kufanele inikeze amandla ezigulini.
Inani likasawoti kufanele lehliselwe ku-5-10 g ngosuku. Futhi, udinga ukususa ushukela ekudleni futhi unciphise ukungena kwamafutha ku-30 g ngosuku.
Ukudla amaprotheni kufanele kwandiswe, futhi ama-carbohydrate asheshayo akufanele adliwe. Ukudla kufanele kuthathwe kaningi (izikhathi ezi-5-8), kepha ngamanani amancane. Ushukela ojwayelekile ungathathelwa indawo noswidi.
Uhlu lwemikhiqizo ebalulekile yesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin:
- amaqanda
- izithelo (ama-citruse, ama-apula omuncu);
- imifino (zucchini, utamatisi, isithombo, ukhukhamba);
- okusanhlamvu ne-pasta enzima;
- imifino (isaladi, isipinashi).
Iziphuzo ezivunyelwe zifaka itiye elingafakwanga ubisi namanzi amsulwa, okufanele liphuzwe ngamanani anele (amalitha ama-2 ngosuku).
Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa kunenhlama yebhotela, zonke izinhlobo zamaswidi, amagilebhisi, ukudla okunosawoti nokunezipayisi. Kuyafaneleka futhi ngaphandle kwezitsha ezinamafutha emenyu, lwesinaphi namagilebhisi.
Ungasusa kanjani isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokulungiswa kokudla okunempilo? Uma izinkinga zingakaqali, kungenzeka ukuthi welaphe lesi sifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yehlisa inani lamakhalori asetshenziswa ukusuka ku-2000 noma ngaphezulu kuya ku-1500 kcal ngosuku.
Ngenxa yokwehliswa kokuqukethwe kwekalori kokudla, ukugxilisa ushukela wegazi kuzokwehla, okuyinkinga enkulu yawo wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, kufanele ushiye ngokuphelele ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, amafutha wezilwane noshukela olula, ngoba konke lokhu kunomthelela ekwandeni kwamazinga kashukela. Ukudla, njengasoshukela wohlobo loku-1, kufanele kube okucashile.
Ngefomu lesifo elincike ku-insulin, imikhiqizo ihlukaniswe izigaba ezi-3:
- Ngaphandle kwemikhawulo - konke okuvunyelwe ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ngaphandle kukabhontshisi, ezinye okusanhlamvu, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda nezaqathe.
- Kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngobuningi obunqunyelwe - amaqanda, ubisi, i-legumes, isinkwa, inhlanzi, amazambane, inyama.
- Ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa kukhona ukudla okusemathinini, imajarini, amantongomane, ibhotela, noma imaphi amaswidi, imbewu, i-offal, inyama enamafutha, ukhilimu, imayonesi, ukudla okusemathinini, utshwala.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kunemikhiqizo ephezulu okufanele ithuthukiswe nsuku zonke kushukela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-oatmeal porridge (ipuleti eli-1 ngosuku), i-cod (kuze kufike ku-200 g), iklabishi (kuze kufike ku-200 g), i-Jerusalem artichoke (100 g), isinamoni (5-10 g), umhluzi we-rosehip (ingilazi eyi-1) itiye eluhlaza (kufika izinkomishi ezi-3).
Izindlela zokwelapha ezingejwayelekile
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uqede ushukela onamakhambi abantu? Iziguli eziningi zithi i-glycemia ingazinza ngokusebenzisa enye indlela yokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe mayelana nokungabekezelelani kwezakhi zawo, ngakho-ke, ukubonisana ngezokwelapha ngeke kube yinto engasho lutho.
INettle ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqula izinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokuqeda i-hyperglycemia. Ukulungiselela umuthi ovela kuwo, lesi sitshalo siyagezwa, somiswa, somhlabathi bese sithululelwa embizeni (0.5 L). Bese ugcwalisa ithangi phezulu nge-vodka bese ugcizelela izinsuku eziyi-7.
I-art artoke yaseJerusalem ayisebenzi nje kuphela kushukela ophezulu, kepha futhi isebenze ukugaya futhi inomphumela ovuthayo. Esikhathini sikashukela, ingadliwa emisha futhi ibilisiwe, kungabikho ngaphezu kwezingu-2-3 zezitshalo ezimpande ngosuku.
Amajikijolo ama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-cranberry nama-blueberries nawo anomthelela wehlisela ushukela, ngoba aqukethe i-myrtilin. Kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa amaqabunga ezitshalo ukwelapha isifo sikashukela.
Ukulungisa umuthi, bilisa ilitha elilodwa lamanzi bese uphonsa amaqabunga ambalwa kuwo, bese ubilisa yonke into cishe imizuzu emi-5. Ngemuva kwalokho umhluzi uyahlungwa bese udakwa ku-0,5 stack. kathathu ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla.
Kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, ukumila kwamaqabunga e-bay kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukulungiselela amaqabunga ayi-10, uthele ama-250 ml wamanzi abilayo bese ugcizelela amahora ama-3.
Lapho ukumnika sekupholile, kuyahlungwa bese kuhlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu. Umuthi udakwe uhhafu wehora ngaphambi kokudla.
Ubisi olunama-horseradish lunomphumela omuhle we-hypoglycemic. Inqubo yokulungiselela imi kanje:
- Umhluzi wenziwe ubisi, ulufudumeza ngokushisa.
- IHorseradish isemhlabathini ku-grater futhi ingezwe kwisiphuzo esine-asidi enanini le-1 tbsp. l
- Umkhiqizo ufakwa esiqandisini amahora angama-6-8.
- Umuthi uthathwa ngaphambi kokudla imizuzu engama-30. 1 tbsp. l 3 k. ngosuku.
Futhi, ngesifo sikashukela, ama-currant azibonakalise kahle. Ukuze ulungiselele ukumnika okusekelwe kuwo 1 tbsp. l amaqabunga owomile namajikijolo athululela ama-300 ml wamanzi abilayo futhi agcizelele isigamu sehora. Okulandelayo, umuthi uyahlungwa bese uthathwa ack ubeke. 5 kk. ngosuku ngezikhathi ezilinganayo.
Esigabeni sokuqala sesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa ngomuthi osuselwa ezimpandeni ze-burdock, amaqabunga e-blueberry, amaqabunga obhontshisi omisiwe ayasebenza. Zonke izinto zihlanganiswa ngamanani alinganayo ukuze zithole i-60 g yeqoqo. Ngemuva kwalokho athululela ilitha elilodwa lamanzi abandayo bese egcizelela amahora ayi-12.
Okulandelayo, umkhiqizo ubilisiwe imizuzu emi-5. bese ugcizelela ku-thermos eminye imizuzu engama-60, bese uyihlunga. Isiphuzo somhluzi 5 k. inkomishi yosuku ngosuku ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-60. ngemuva kokudla.
Futhi, i-aspen yisidakamizwa esidalwa ngabantu abasebenza ngokungemthetho. 2 wezipuni uthelwa kwisipuni esisodwa segxolo elomile elichotshoziwe. amanzi bese kugcinwa umlilo imizuzu engama-30.
Ngokulandelayo, umhluzi ushiyelwa amahora ama-3, bese uhlungwa. Emva kwalokhu, umuthi ungadakwa ¼ inkomishi kathathu ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla isigamu sehora. Isikhathi sokwelashwa cishe izinyanga ezine. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko iqhubeka nengqikithi yokunakekelwa kwesifo sikashukela.
