Kuvela inkomba ye-glucose ephezulu lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ze-pathological and ngokomzimba emzimbeni. Imvamisa ihlotshaniswa nokulwa ku-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izimpawu zokuqala zokwanda ushukela wegazi nokuthi kudingeka usizo lwezokwelashwa nini.
Kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba womuntu kune-glucose, okuwumthombo wayo oyinhloko wamandla. Kepha ushukela ubalulekile ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni okuphelele kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa namangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
Ukufundwa koshukela okujwayelekile kusukela ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.5 mmol / L. Ukuhlushwa kulawulwa izinqubo zomzimba ze-carbohydrate metabolism kanye nokuxhumana kwe-endocrine ne-neva system.
Lapho ushukela ukhuphuka, ekuqaleni, izinguquko ezicashile ziyokwenzeka emzimbeni, kodwa ubuntu babo ukuthi zinomphumela olimazayo kwizitho eziningi eziningi nezinhlelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulondoloze impilo, kubalulekile ukwazi izimbangela nezimpawu zikashukela ophezulu wegazi.
Kungani i-hyperglycemia ivela?
Ushukela wegazi ungashintshashintsha isikhashana lapho unengcindezi noma umsebenzi ophakeme womzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yamandla aphezulu we-metabolism okwenzeka emangqamuzaneni. Futhi, ukugcwala koshukela kuyanda lapho umuntu edla ukudla okuningi kwe-carbohydrate ngasikhathi sinye.
Izimbangela zesikhashana zeshukela ezikhuphukile:
- isifo sobuhlungu obukhulu;
- ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngenxa yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane;
- ukubanjwa kwesithuthwane;
- ukusha;
- i-infarction ye-myocardial eyingozi kakhulu;
- ukulimala kobuchopho obuhlukumezanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto ezichazwe ngenhla, ukwenzeka kwesikhashana kwe-hyperglycemia kungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinjenge-glucocorticosteroids, i-thiazide diuretics, psychotropic kanye ne-diuretics, izindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo.
Ukwanda okuhlala isikhathi eside kweglucose kwenzeka kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal okubangelwa ukukhulelwa kanye ne-endocrinopathy;
- izifo zamapheshana emathunjini;
- ukuvuvukala kwezindlala ze-endocrine (i-pituitary, pancreas, gland adrenal, hypothalamus);
- Izinkinga zezinso, ngenxa yokuthi i-glucose empeleni ayihlanganisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela singesinye sezimbangela ezivamile ze-hyperglycemia engapheli.
Ngabe ushukela wegazi ophakeme uwuthinta kanjani umzimba?
Izimpawu ezihola phambili ze-hyperglycemia yi-nocturia (ukuchama kaningi nobuhlungu ebusuku), ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu okungekuhle, umlomo owomile nokungasebenzi kahle kwamehlo. Futhi, isifo sikashukela nezinye izimo lapho ushukela wegazi uphezulu, kuboniswa ukoma, ukukhathala, ukulunywa kwesikhumba, ubuthakathaka, i-polyuria (inani elikhulu lomchamo okhishwe), ukwehla kwesisindo, isiyezi, ukutheleleka kaningi nobuhlungu bekhanda.
Zonke lezi zimpawu kashukela wegazi ophakeme zibonisa i-hyperglycemia, ehambisana nezinkinga eziningi. Kepha ukusetshenziswa ejwayelekile kwemitha nochungechunge lwezivivinyo zaselabhoratri kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ekugcineni ukutholakala kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bezibonakaliso ezingenhla kuxhomeke kubukhali be-hyperglycemia. Uma ikhula kungazelelwe (ukudla okweqile kwe-carbohydrate emazingeni aphansi e-insulin), khona-ke iphinyiselwa kakhulu kunendlela engapheli yesimo. Imvamisa, ukwanda okuhlala isikhathi eside koshukela kubhekwa kushukela ongabhalwanga, lapho umzimba wesiguli uvumelana nezinga le-glucose ephakeme njalo.
Umuntu angaqonda ukuthi lokhu kuba naliphi ithonya noma lokho kubonakaliswa uma umuntu ebheka indlela yalowo nalowo kubo. Ngakho-ke, ukoma kuvela ngenxa yokuthi ushukela uyinto ye-osmotic eheha amanzi. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenzeka i-hyperglycemia, uketshezi luyakhishwa luqhamuka emzimbeni ngevolumu ekhuphukayo.
Ukubuyisela ibhalansi yamanzi, umzimba udinga isamba esikhulu samanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuheha kwama-molecule amaningi amanzi kuma-glucose molecule kuthinta umsebenzi wezinso, eziqala ukuhlunga kakhulu izinto ezingenayo.
Bese kuba nokuchama okuvamile kanye ne-diuresis enzima. Ngasikhathi sinye, ushukela emfudlaneni wegazi ubopha ama-molecule amanzi, okubangela ukwanda kwengcindezi yokulwa nesizinda sokuvuvukala.
Ukubonakala kwesibonakaliso esinjengomlomo owomile kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nomsebenzi we-osmotic kashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinga layo lingaphezu kwe-10 mmol / l, khona-ke litholakala kumchamo, okwenza zonke lezi zimpawu ezingenhla ziphinyiselwe nangaphezulu.
Ukwehla kwesisindo kuvame ukubonwa ngohlobo 1 sikashukela esine-insulin. Kulokhu, i-glucose ayikwazi ukungena esitokisini, futhi eyokugcina ibhekana nendlala enkulu yamandla. Ukusuka kulokhu kuphethwe ngokuthi ukulahleka kwesisindo okubukhali kwenzeka ngemuva kwesizinda sokwehluleka ekuhlinzekeni kwamandla emzimbeni.
Ngesifo sikashukela esingancike e-insulin, okuphambene kuyiqiniso. Okusho ukuthi, ezigulini, isisindo somzimba sehla, kepha kunalokho kuyanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumelana ne-insulin kuvela, okuwukuthi, inani le-hormone likhiqizwa ngenani elanele noma ngisho ne-overestimated, noma kunjalo, ama-receptors abhekele inqubo yokubopha kwawo awasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ushukela awukwazi ukungena esitokisini, kepha amandla endlala awumbozi ngokweqile amafutha amaningi.
Ukukhathala, ikhanda kanye ne-malaise kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda samandla endlala yobuchopho, ongatholi isilinganiso esifanele seglucose. Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba kufanele uthole amandla ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation yamafutha. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo inomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-ketonemia (imizimba ye-ketone eyeqile emfuleni wegazi), okuvezwa iphunga le-acetone ephuma emlonyeni.
Ukwelapha izicubu ezithambile kubuye kuhlotshaniswe nokufakwa kwamandla okunganele emangqamuzaneni. Ukuvuselelwa okungekuhle ngokumelene nesizinda se-hyperglycemia kuvame ukuholela ekwakhiweni kwezinqubo zokuhlanza nokutheleleka endaweni ethintekile, ngoba ushukela uyindlela yezakhi zamagciwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-leukocytes aba nomthelela ekwelapheni ngokushesha, ukusebenza kwawo kubuye kushukela.
Ukuntuleka kokugcina kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-leukocytes awakwazi ukuqeda ama-bacterium futhi aqala ukwanda ngokushesha okukhulu.
Unganquma kanjani ukuthi i-glucose egazini ilabhorethri?
Indlela eholayo yokuthola ushukela kanye namazinga kashukela ngokusebenzisa isivivinyo sokubekezelela. Imvamisa, ukuhlolwa okunjalo kubekelwe iziguli ezikhuluphele kakhulu kanye neziguli ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45.
Ucwaningo lwenziwa ngokubakhona kwe-glucose engama-75 g. Indlela yokusebenza isebenza kanjena:
- igazi elisheshayo;
- khona-ke isiguli siphuza i-200 ml yesisombululo sikashukela;
- ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-120, igazi liyahlolwa futhi.
Uma umphumela bekungukuphula ukubekezelelana, khona-ke amanani okushukela ashukela angama-7 mmol / L no-7.8-11.1 mmol / L ngemuva kokuthatha isixazululo se-glucose.
Impendulo ukuphazamiseka kweglucose esiswini esingenalutho, lapho ukuhlushwa kuhluka kusuka ku-6.1 kuya ku-7.0 mmol / L, kuthi ngemuva kokudla umuthi omnandi kungaphansi kuka-7.8 mmol / L.
Ukucacisa imiphumela, i-ultrasound of pancreas kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwama-enzyme kuvame ukwenziwa. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe isiguli sizonikezwa isifo esidumazayo sokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela, kusenokwenzeka ukwengeza amazinga eglucose.
Kulokhu, isiguli sidinga ukulandela zonke izincomo zokwelashwa futhi sinamathele ekudleni okukhethekile.
Ukudla kwe-hyperglycemia
Isici esibalulekile sokulawula ukugxila kwe-glucose ukwelashwa kokudla. Kuze kube manje, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezimisweni ezithile.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele udle izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku, uthathe ukudla ngezingxenye ezincane ngesikhathi esabelwe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, udinga ukuphuza amalitha ama-1-2 amanzi ngosuku.
Ukudla kumele kufake ukudla okune-fiber eningi nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, lokhu kufanele kube ukudla kokudla koshukela. Udinga futhi ukudla imifino nezithelo ezingafakwanga nsuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ushukela ungavuki, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukudla okunosawoti notshwala.
Ukudla okunconyelwe amakhalori aphansi okungakhuphi inkomba ye-glycemic kufaka:
- izinhlanzi ezinamafutha nenyama;
- izindle;
- isinkwa se-rye;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamaphesenti aphansi wokuqukethwe kwamafutha;
- amaqanda, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kwesibili ngosuku;
- iphalishi (i-oatmeal, ilayisi, i-buckwheat).
Amajikijolo nezithelo, okuthandwa kufanele kunikezwe ulamula, ama-apula, i-quince, ithini lamapheya, i-lingonberry, i-blueberries, umlotha wentaba kanye ne-cranberries. Ngokuphathelene nemifino kanye nemifino, kufanele ukhethe utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, ulethisi, upelepele wensimbi, isipinashi, isithombo, ikhukhamba, iklabishi, u-anyanisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ugarliki, iparsley no dill. Yonke imikhiqizo kumele ilungiswe ngokwelashwa kokubilisa, ukuhambisa noma ukuhambisa umusi.
Kuyadingeka ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ezilwane futhi ungene esikhundleni sawo ngamafutha zemifino. Ushukela ojwayelekile kufanele uthandwe uju kanye nama-sweeteners, njenge-fructose.
Esigabeni semikhiqizo enqatshelwe, ngokusongelwa kwe-hyperglycemia, yile:
- imayonesi kanye nososo olufanayo;
- confectionery, namakhekhe, nemikhiqizo kafulawa (amakhekhe, ophaya, amakhekhe, amaswidi, ushokoledi, njll.);
- izithelo ezimnandi (amagilebhisi, ikhabe, ibhanana, ama-sitrobheli) nezithelo ezomisiwe;
- imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha (ukhilimu, ukhilimu omuncu owenziwe ekhaya nobisi);
- ukudla okusemathinini;
- ukubhema inyama;
- ama-chips, ama-crackers nokudla okusheshayo;
- inyama enamafutha namafutha.
Namanje zivinjelwe iziphuzo ezimnandi zekhabhoni, itiye nekhofi noshukela. Konke lokhu kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni sejusi yemvelo engafakwanga kanye nama-decoction we-herbal ngokufakwa kwenani elincane loju.
Ngakho-ke, ngisho ne-hyperglycemia engapheli, ukuqapha isimo akulula, kepha kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokwelashwa kokudla, ukuyeka imikhuba emibi kanye nohlobo olufanele losuku alwanele. Ngakho-ke, iziguli kufanele ziphuze njalo izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko iqhubeka nesihloko sikashukela wegazi ophezulu.
