Lapho isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sesikwazi ukuguqula okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni ezingeni elidingakalayo, kukholelwa ukuthi i-pathology isinxephezelwe. Futhi lesi simo sitholakala ngenxa yokuthi isiguli sinamathela ngokusobala kuzo zonke izincomo zikadokotela.
Ishukela elinxephekile linobungozi obuncane bezinkinga. Futhi odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi ngokunxeshezelwa okuhle, ungangezelela isilinganiso sokuphila esiphakathi kwesiguli.
Lezo zigaba zokuncipha kwenqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-pathology ziyahlukaniswa: kunxephezeliwe, kuhlanganisiwe futhi kuncishisiwe ushukela. Isifo sikashukela esingakhokhelwe sibonisa ngokuvela kwemiphumela emibi emibi engaholela ekufeni.
Futhi, ukukhokhelwa kwesifo sikashukela kungumbuso ophakathi nendawo, phakathi kwenxephezelo nokubolekwa. Yini okufanele uyenze ukunxephezela isifo sikashukela? Udokotela wenza ukuqokwa, ezwakalisa izincomo ezidingekayo, kepha yisiguli kuphela okufanele sizigcwalise, futhi zizihambele yedwa.
Ukuthola ukuthi umphumela wendlela yokwelapha ubonwa kanjani, izinkomba ezilandelayo zizosiza: ukugcotshwa ushukela, ukuba khona kwama-ketones kumchamo, inani le-glucose emchameni.
Isifo esikhokhelwayo kanye nezimpawu zaso
Lapho isiguli sitholwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe kulesi simo ukunikela yonke imizamo yokuqinisa ushukela wegazi lesiguli ezingeni elidingekayo. Ngeshwa, ngenkathi umuthi wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ungasatshalaliswa, uhlobo lokuqala ludinga ukuphathwa kwe-insulin hormone.
Kodwa-ke, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-insulin kwesinye isikhathi iyanikezwa. Kepha kuphela uma isiguli singahambisani nezincomo zikadokotela: engakashintshi indlela odla ngayo, asihlanganyeli ngokomzimba.
Njengomthetho, udokotela uhlala etshela umuntu ngamunye ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okungadliwa, kufanele kube nokudla okungakanani ngosuku. Ngokuya ngesimo esijwayelekile sesifo sikashukela, kunikezwa umzimba wokuzivocavoca okhethekile.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo sikashukela isiguli esinaso, kuyanconywa ukuthi kuqashelwe imigomo elandelayo yokudla okulandelayo:
- Imikhiqizo yokubhaka efaka ufulawa kakolweni ayifakiwe.
- Awungeke udle ama-confectionery khekhe, ukudla okumnandi, ukhukhamba, izitsha ezinosawoti kanye namafutha.
- Kunconywa ukwenqaba ukudla okuphekwe ukuthosa. Kuvunyelwe ukuthi kudle kuphela ukudla okuphekiwe noma okutholisiwe.
- Udinga ukudla kuphela ngezingxenye ezincane, kuze kube kasithupha ngosuku.
- Ama-carbohydrate afakwa ngokugayeka kalula awadingeki, udinga ukubala inani lama-carbohydrate asetshenziswa ngosuku.
- Kuyadingeka ukufaka usawoti ezitsheni ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe, umthamo wansuku zonke we-sodium chloride akufanele udlule amagremu ayi-12.
- Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kokudla okuphekwe kufanele kuhambisane namandla asetshenziswa ngosuku, futhi kungabe kusaba khona.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi zonke izincomo kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqinile. Futhi lokhu akulona ushintsho ekudleni kwabo kuphela, kepha futhi nendlela yonke yokuphila. Ngeshwa, isifo sikashukela siyindlela engalapheki futhi engalapheki, ngakho-ke lolu hlelo luzohlonishwa kukho konke impilo.
Ukugcina isifo sikashukela esigabeni sesinxephezelo, udinga ukubheka njalo okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthenga insiza ekhethekile yokulinganisa ushukela wegazi - ngokwesibonelo, imitha ye-One Touch Ultra.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungathinta kahle inkambo yesifo, kodwa futhi kungadala ukulimala okukhulu. Kulokhu, wonke umsebenzi womzimba kufanele ube semikhawulweni eyamukelekayo.
Ngokufanelekile, kunconyelwa ukuthi abanesifo sikashukela bathathe umoya omusha nsuku zonke futhi bavivinye ekuseni.
Kwezinye izimo, kwenzeka ukuthi isiguli sihambisana ngokuphelele nakho konke ukuqokwa nezincomo zikadokotela, kodwa isinxephezelo sikashukela asenzeki. Ngeshwa, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusiza ekwenzeni isithombe sibe ngokwejwayelekile ukwethulwa kwe-insulin.
Lapho kungenzeka ukufinyelela esigabeni sesinxephezelo, isiguli siyogcina izinkomba ezilandelayo:
- Ushukela esiswini esingenalutho awudluli amayunithi angama-5.5.
- Izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi aziphezulu kune-140/90.
- Izinga le-cholesterol yesiguli lifinyelela kumayunithi angama-5.2.
- Amaphesenti we-hemoglobin ye-glycated ayikho ngaphezu kwe-6.5%.
- I-ushukela emzimbeni emzimbeni amahora amabili ngemuva kokudla ayidluli amayunithi ayi-8.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwezokwelashwa, amazinga wesinxephezelo sohlobo 2 sikashukela nawo ahlukaniswa, okuncike ezinkombeni ezahlukahlukene.
Isigaba sikashukela sikusiphi isigaba?
Ukwazi ukuthi siyini isifo sikashukela esingakhokhwanga, udinga ukukhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izigaba zokuthola isinxephezelo. Isifo sikashukela esikhokhelwe sibonisa ukuthi iphinyiselwe kanjani imiphumela yokwelashwa enqunyelwe.
Lapho kungenzeka ukufeza isigaba esihle sesinxephezelo, khona-ke isimo esifana ne-metabolic njenge-metabolic syndrome cishe asibonwa. Iziguli ezihlushwa yisifo sohlobo lokuqala zingasabi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathologies yezinso nezitho zokubona okubonakalayo.
Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, uma bekungenzeka ukufinyelela esigabeni sokubuyiselwa kwemali, bese uthayipha isifo sikashukela esi-2 sokuqina okulinganiselayo okuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga, izinkinga ngohlelo lwenhliziyo zingasuswa ngokuphelele.
Lapho isinxephezelo sikashukela senzeka ngengxenye kuphela, okungukuthi, isiguli sinokubuyiselwa kwesifo, ubungozi bokukhula kwe-pathologies yesifo senhliziyo luhlala luphezulu impela.
Isifo sikashukela esingakhanswanga ngobuningi bezithombe siholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuvela kwengqinamba okubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olungamahlalakhona kwe-hyperglycemia kukhula. Okuqukethwe glucose emzimbeni wesiguli kungahlala isikhathi eside endaweni ephezulu.
Kulokhu, ushukela wegazi ophakeme uholela kwezinye izinkinga.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imithambo yegazi emincane kanye nama-capillaries kancane kancane ayabhujiswa, ngenxa yalokho, ukubona okubonakalayo kukhubazekile, ukwehluleka kwezinso kuyabonakala.
Yini i-glycated hemoglobin ekhombisa?
IHemoglobin iprotheni eyingxenye yegazi, kanti umsebenzi wayo ophambili ukuthutha umoya-mpilo emzimbeni womuntu. Isici esivelisayo seproteyini ukuthi "singabamba" ama-molecule we-oksijini, bese sibuyisela lapho kufanele.
Kodwa-ke, iprotheni yona ingabamba ama-molecule woshukela. Kulesi simo, kwakhiwa inhlanganisela efana noshukela - ushukela (kwezokwelapha, le nhlanganisela ibizwa ngokuthi i-glycated hemoglobin).
Le khompiyutha iqine ngokwanele, ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokubakhona kwayo singabalwa hhayi imizuzu, izinsuku noma amasonto kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinyanga.
Kungakho okuqukethwe yi-glycated hemoglobin emzimbeni wesiguli kungasho ngamazinga aphakathi kashukela kwishukela sikashukela izinyanga eziningana. Le nkomba ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole imikhawulo elandelayo yesifo:
- Ubunzima besifo buhlolwa.
- Ukusebenza kwekhambi elinqunyelwe kuyahlolwa.
- Izinga lokunxeshezelwa kwe-pathology linqunywa.
Esigulini esithola isinxephezelo esihle sesifo sikashukela, inani lamaprotheni e-glycated liyahlukahluka lisuka kumaphesenti ayisithupha kuya kwayi-9. Lapho ukuhlaziya kukhombisa amanani aphezulu, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okunqunyelwe akusebenzi.
Kulokhu, ukuhlahlela ushukela emzimbeni wesiguli kuhlala kuphakeme, ngenxa yalokho kungashiwo ukuthi isiguli sinendlela engafakwanga ye-pathology.
Izizathu zokuntuleka kwesinxephezelo kungaba ukuphathwa okungafanele kwe-hormone, ukungahambisani nomthamo otuswayo we-insulin noma kukhethwe ngokungalungile, ukwephulwa kokudla okunempilo, ukuntuleka komzimba olungile.
Ukuchazwa kwezinye izinkomba
I-Fructosamine iyinkomba yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvumela ukuthi uphendule umbuzo wokuthi ngabe isinxephezelo senzekile ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela noma cha. Into enjalo inenqubo yayo yokwakheka, futhi yakhiwa ngenxa yokubopha amaprotheni noshukela.
Okuqukethwe kwe-plasma ephezulu yalesi sikhombisi kukhombisa ukuthi emasontweni ambalwa edlule ushukela emzimbeni wesiguli wawuphakeme kakhulu kunamanani ajwayelekile. Kulokhu, incazelo ye-fructosamine ikuvumela ukuthi ulandelele isimo jikelele sesiguli, ushintsho ekuhambeni kwesifo sakhe.
Ngokufanelekile, okuqukethwe yinkomba akufanele kube phezulu kuneyunithi engama-285. Lapho izinga lale nto liphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke lokhu kubonisa ukunqunyelwa kwesifo noma uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela olungakhokhwanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, amathuba okuthuthuka kwezinkinga anda kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo.
I-lipidogram isetshenziselwa ukunquma isinxephezelo se-pathology. Kukhombisa izinga lipids ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi wezinto eziphilayo. Kulolu vivinyo, igazi lidonswa emthanjeni.
Ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo olunembile, isiguli sinconywa okulandelayo:
- Imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kocwaningo, yeka ukubhema, zama ukungathuki, ngenkathi ulonda isizinda semizwa esizolile.
- Ngaphambi kocwaningo, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukudla amahora ayi-12.
Uma bekungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale ushukela onxephezelwe, khona-ke kuzoba nezimpawu ezinjalo: inani eliphelele le-cholesterol alidluli amayunithi angama-5.2; ukungazweli okuphansi kwama-lipoprotein hhayi amayunithi angaphezu kuka-1,6; ukuqoqwa kwamazinga aphezulu we-lipoprotein akuyona ngaphezu kwamayunithi ayi-1.5.
Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu sithathwa njengesiyinxephezelo uma okuqukethwe ushukela emzimbeni esiswini esingenalutho kungabi ngaphezu kwama-5,5 amayunithi, bese kuthi ushukela ngemuva kokudla kungabi ngaphezu kwama-6.7 amayunithi.
Ukulawulwa okwanele kwe-patology emnandi kuyisihluthulelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kanye nenhlala-kahle yesiguli. Kungakho kunconywa ukuthi kuqashelwe njalo ukugxilwa kwe-glucose emzimbeni, futhi kunqume ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwemizimba ye-ketone emchameni wesiguli.
Ukunquma ubukhona be-acetone emchameni, ungasebenzisa imichilo ekhethekile:
- Lapho umucu uphonsa umchamo, unempahla yokushintsha umbala.
- Lapho umchamo unenqwaba yezidumbu ze-ketone, imichilo ipende ngohlelo lombala ogcwele kakhudlwana.
- Ukugcwaliswa kombala okuphansi kukhombisa ukugcwala okuphansi kwe-acetone kumchamo.
Kunoma yikuphi, lapho kunxephezelwa isifo sikashukela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, ku-biological fluid (umchamo), izidumbu ze-ketone kufanele zingabikho. Uma ukugcotshwa okuncane noma okukhulu kwe-acetone kuqapheleka, lokhu kubonisa uhlobo lwesifo olungakhokhelwa.
Kulokhu, kunconyelwa ukuthi kwabanesifo sikashukela babuyekeze ukudla kwabo, irejimeni yansuku zonke, ngaphandle kokuhluleka ukubonana nodokotela wabo ukuze alungise umuthi.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, uma kungenzeka ukuthi kufinyelelwe isinxephezelo esiphelele sesifo sikashukela, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kungabandakanywa amathuba wezinkinga ezinkulu ezihambisana nalesi sifo. Yikuphi futhi okuvumela ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila sesiguli.
Kanye nokuqapha ushukela wegazi njalo, nsuku zonke, kuyadingeka ukuthi uyohlolwa udokotela njalo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kulabo bantu abaye bathikameza ukubekezelela ushukela.
Kunconywa ukuthi uvakashele udokotela futhi uhlolwe labo bantu abanokuphambuka kofuzo kule pathology.
Uhlu lwezifundo ezidingekayo lungafaka lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kwezinso.
- Ucwaningo oluhlelekile lwesimo semithambo yegazi.
- Isifuba x-ray.
Esimweni lapho kungenzeka ukuthi kufezwe isinxephezelo sikashukela i-mellitus, uhlu lwezindlela zokuthibela lubandakanya ukuvakashela odokotela abalandelayo: i-cardiologist, udokotela wamazinyo, uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo, i-endocrinologist.
Ukwelashwa okwanele kwezidakamizwa, ukubambelela ngokuqinile kuzo zonke izincomo zikadokotela, ukudla okufanele, ukusebenza kahle komzimba - konke lokhu kuzosiza ukufeza isinxephezelo sikashukela, futhi kunciphise namathuba okuba nezinkinga. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko iqhubeka nendikimba yesifo sikashukela nezinhlobonhlobo zayo.
