Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singabizwa ngokuhlukile, okungukuthi, i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela esatholakala. Iziguli ezinalesi sifo azidingi imijovo ejwayelekile ye-insulin. Noma kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona okuhlukile, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kufanele zenze i-analogue ye-insulin yabantu.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukutholwa kwesifo sikashukela kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu asebekhulile. Imbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo ukwephulwa okusobala kumetabolism yesiguli. Ukudlondlobala kwezifo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona ze-pancreas kungavusa ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifo.
Kepha muva nje, odokotela babone izimo lapho isifo sikashukela esingavela singabonakala kwiziguli ezisencane noma ezinganeni. Lo mkhuba ucasulwa ukonakala kwesimo sezemvelo emhlabeni, kanye neqiniso lokuthi iningi labantu abasha lihola indlela yokuphila engalungile, lisebenzisa kabi ukudla okungenamsoco, futhi futhi alinaki amasiko emfundo efanelekile yomzimba.
Ukusuka kulokhu singaphetha ngokuthi ngokuphelele noma yisiphi isici singavusa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela. Kusuka ekudleni okungondlekile kuze kwenqabe ukuzivocavoca. Isibonelo, ukudla okujwayelekile okugcwele ama-carbohydrate angahlanzekile kungabangela ukwanda kwesifo.
Ngabe lutholakala kanjani uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela?
Ukuze unake ngesikhathi ukubonakala kwezimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, kufanele ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela. Lokhu:
- ukuphazamiseka esikhumbeni samanyikwe (ukuphazamiseka njalo kwesisu, ukugabha, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ukungakhululeki ngemuva kokudla ukudla okunamafutha kakhulu noma okubabayo);
- ukwanda okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba;
- umuzwa ongapheli wokoma;
- indlala, ngisho nangemva kokudla kwakamuva;
- igxuma kakhulu ekucindezelweni kwegazi.
Lezi kuphela yizimpawu eziphambili zomzimba ezingabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-pancreatic. Kepha uma ubanaka ngisho nangesikhathi, uzokwazi ukugwema ezinye izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-pancreas enza imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Okungukuthi:
- ukukhiqizwa kwejusi ye-pancreatic, ebandakanyeka ngokuqondile kuzo zonke izinqubo zokugaya ukudla ezisemzimbeni;
- ihlinzeka ukuthola i-insulin secretion, leli-hormone libhekene nokuhlinzekwa okufanele kwe-glucose kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba womuntu.
Kungakho ukukhonjwa kwangaphambilini kwezinkinga zomsebenzi walo mzimba kuzokwenza ukuthi kugwemeke ukuthuthuka okubukhali kwesifo sikashukela.
Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokulandela ukudla okufanele, ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo nokuthatha imishanguzo eyehlisa ushukela wegazi.
Izimfuneko zokuthuthukisa ukugula emzimbeni
Kunezizathu eziyinhloko ezingabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Zifana kakhulu nalezo ezidala ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, kepha umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo kwe-metabolic nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okwanele.
Kuyaqapheleka lapha ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala kokuqala kokugula, kunzima ukuqaphela iphuzu lokuqala, ngoba insimbi isasebenza futhi ikhiqiza inani elifanele lamahomoni. Imvamisa into yokuqala iqala ukuvela uma lesi sifo sesikhule isikhathi eside. Kepha isizathu esiyinhloko iphuzu lesithathu. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuvame ukubangela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ngakho-ke, yini imbangela yesifo sikashukela sesigaba sesibili:
- Amanyikwe awakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele.
- Amangqamuzana omzimba amelana ne-hormone engenhla (lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwesibindi, izicubu namaseli wezicubu ze-adipose).
- Ukhuluphele.
Okuyingozi kakhulu uhlobo lwe-visceral lokukhuluphala. Yilapho kwakhiwa khona amanoni esiswini. Kungakho abantu abaphila impilo yokuhlala phansi kufanele bagweme ukudla okulula, bathokoze njalo bomzimba futhi baphile impilo enempilo. Kulokhu, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokwanele kwanele, kanye nokungadli ukudla okungafanele, futhi lolu hlobo lokukhuluphala lungagwenywa.
Ngokuphathelene nokudla okunempilo, kunombono onjalo wokuthi ukusetshenziswa njalo kokudla okuningana nenani lama-carbohydrate acwengekile, kuyilapho imicu yama-coarse kanye ne-fiber kuncishiswa kakhulu ekudleni, kuholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Kungani ukunqaba kuyingozi?
Ngomqondo onjengokungamelana, kuyisiko ukusho ukumelana komzimba womuntu emiphumeleni ye-insulin kuwo. Kungaphansi kwalezo zimo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi kutholakale uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.
Ngemuva kokuhlonza lesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi uqaphe amazinga kashukela egazini. Ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kulesi sigaba, bazama ukukwenza ngaphandle kwemijovo ye-insulin. Ushukela wegazi uncishiswa ngamathebulethi akhethekile. Uma zingasizi, khona-ke ungaqala ukwethula ama-analogues we-insulin yabantu.
Ngaphezu kwesifo uqobo, ungathola eminye imiphumela emibi emzimbeni. Lokhu:
- ukukhuphuka okubukhali kwengcindezi (yezokwelapha);
- ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka kakhulu;
- Izifo ezibangelwa yi-ischemic kungenzeka, kanye ne-atherosulinosis, okuphawulwe emikhunjini.
Ngenxa yokuthi njalo, amangqamuzana omzimba ahlala ehlaselwa yi-glucose ephezulu egazini, ama-pancreas ayeka ukusebenza kahle. Kulokhu, isifo sikashukela sikhula ngokushesha nangokwengeziwe.
Ngokwezibalo, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sikhula kaningi kakhulu kunesokuqala. Ezinombolweni, kubukeka into efana nalena: isiguli esisodwa kubo bonke abantu abangamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugula kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi efana nale:
- ukufa kwezicubu zesikhumba;
- isikhumba esomile
- fragility yepuleti lezipikili;
- ukulahleka kwezinwele, futhi kuphuma kungamaqhuqhuva;
- i-atherossteosis ingakhula emikhunjini etholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba womuntu kusuka ebuchosheni iye enhliziyweni;
- izinkinga zezinso
- ukuzwela okunamandla kunoma yikuphi ukutheleleka;
- izilonda ze-trophic ezinyaweni nasemaphethelweni aphansi kungenzeka;
- ukulimala kwamehlo.
Futhi yile kuphela imiphumela eyinhloko yesifo.
Kepha, uma kunjalo, uma uthola ukuthi lesi sifo sikhona ngesikhathi futhi ulawula ushukela, uzokwazi ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwabaningi babo.
Kungani kunzima ukuthola isifo sikashukela?
Ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela esitholiwe, i-congenital itholakala kusetshenziswa izindlela ezikhethekile zokuxilonga. Kwanele ukwenza ukucubungula kwamangqamuzana futhi kuzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kukhona ezakhiweni zofuzo. Kepha esimweni esitholiwe, udinga ukuhlaziya izinkomba zomzimba kuphela. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, ziyafiphala impela, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza.
Kaningi, isiguli sifunda ngokuxilongwa kwakhe isifo sesithathu, noma ngisho nangasemva konyaka sokukhula kwalesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, impela, umuntu angathola ngalokhu kutholwa onyakeni wokuqala emva kokuqala kokukhula kwesifo. Kepha noma kunjalo, ezinyangeni zokuqala cishe akunakwenzeka ukwenza.
Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi cishe sonke isiguli esitholakala sinesifo sikashukela esitholakele sivele sinezinkinga zezifo ezinjenge-retinopathy, okuyi-lesion of eyeball, kanye ne-angiopathy - okuyingxenye emzimbeni ehambisana nokulimala kwemithambo yegazi. Futhi-ke, unezimpawu zalezi zifo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izimpawu eziphambili zesifo sikashukela esisezingeni lokuqala zifana kakhulu nalezo eziphawulwe lapho kunesifo sesigaba sokuqala. Lokhu:
- Umile njalo, umlomo owomile.
- Ukuchama kaningi nokunxusa kukho.
- Ukuzivocavoca okwanele okuyisisekelo futhi isiguli sizwa ubuthakathaka obukhulu nokukhathala.
- Kuyaqabukela, kepha nokho ukulahleka kwesisindo okubukhali kungenzeka, noma ngohlobo lwesibili kukhulunywa kancane kunaleyokuqala.
- Ukuthuthuka okuqinile kokutheleleka kwemvubelo kubangela ukulunywa kwesikhumba, ikakhulukazi endaweni yangasese.
- Ukubuyela emuva njalo kwezifo zesikhumba ezifana nesikhunta noma ithumba.
Into yokuqala okufanele uhlale uyinaka ukuthi ngabe ukhona yini umuntu emndenini onesifo sikashukela. Ikakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngezihlobo zegazi. Umfutho wegazi ngokweqile ungaba i-harbinger yokukhula kwalesi sifo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile akukubi uma kuba khona isikhathi eside. Ngale ndlela, kunombono wokuthi lapho umuntu ephakama enesisindo somzimba, maningi amathuba okuba akwazi ukuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi lesi sifo sivele ngemuva kokushaywa unhlangothi noma sihambisane ne-thrombosis engalapheki.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singakhula ngemuva kokusetshenziswa njalo kwama-diuretics nama-corticosteroids.
Ukuvimbela Isifo Sikashukela Esitholile
Uma ulandela ngokunembile izincomo ezinikezwa odokotela, ungakugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Vele, into yokuqala kufanele uyiyeke ngokuphelele yonke imikhuba emibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nentuthu esesandleni iyayiphazamisa impilo yabantu. Kungcono ukushintshela ekudleni okunempilo. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwenzeka ukuthi wehlise i-cholesterol yegazi futhi ugcine imithambo enempilo nemithambo yegazi.
Kubalulekile ukubheka njalo amazinga we-cholesterol yegazi. Ukudla okulinganiselwe okugcwele i-fiber futhi kuqukethe ushukela omncane kakhulu kuzosiza. Yebo, kunjalo, awukwazi ukuvumela ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba. Ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela bese uvikela ukukhuluphala kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Ukuqanjwa kufanele kufake:
- ubhontshisi oluhlaza;
- zonke izithelo ezisawolintshi;
- izaqathe;
- isithombo;
- iklabishi elimhlophe;
- upelepele wensimbi.
Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukumelana ne-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, isisindo ngokweqile siyancipha, amazinga kashukela evamile, imisipha iba namandla. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzokwazi ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Uma udokotela noma kunjalo encoma eminye imijovo ye-insulin, uma ukuxilongwa okungenhla sekusunguliwe, kuzodingeka ulalele izincomo zakhe. Kulokhu, isilinganiso somuthi kufanele silungiswe njalo maqondana nezinguquko esimweni sempilo sesiguli. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-insulin enkulu kakhulu kuthosi kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-hypoglycemia. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izimo, awukwazi ukulungisa ngokuzimela umthamo we-insulin olungiselelwe.
Uma ulandela wonke amathiphu abhalwe ngaphezulu, kanye nokuhlolwa udokotela njalo, uzokwazi ukugwema amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngisho nangezinto eziningi. Futhi ikakhulukazi uma umndeni wawunazo izihlobo ngokugula okunjalo. Yebo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi yonke imilutha iholela ekuwohlokeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, hhayi kuphela isifo sikashukela esingakhula, kodwa nezinye izinkinga zezempilo.
U-Elena Malysheva kuvidiyo ekulesi sihloko uzotshela izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
