Kwesinye isikhathi iziguli ezitholakala zinesifo sikashukela mellitus zitholakala zikhombisa imiphumela ehlukahlukene ye-insulin. Imiphumela emibi ye-insulin ingabonakala ngemiphumela yomzimba, izinqubo zokuvuvukala kanye nolunye ushintsho.
Imiphumela yemijovo incike ngqo ezimweni zomuntu, ukunemba komthamo okhethiwe kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa umuthi.
Iningi labantu liyawubekezelela kahle umuthi olungiselelwe.
Yiziphi izakhiwo eziphambili ze-insulin?
Emzimbeni womuntu, i-insulin ye-hormone ikhiqizwa ama-pancreas futhi isebenza ukwehlisa ukulawulwa kashukela wegazi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale hormone ukusebenzisa nokugcina ama-amino acid, amanoni acid kanye noshukela osezingeni eliphezulu.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi i-insulin yokwenziwa isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, futhi isithole nokusebenza kwayo kwezemidlalo nakweyokwakha umzimba (njenge-anabolic).
Umphumela oyinhloko we-insulin yimiphumela elandelayo:
- isiza ukususa izakhi zomzimba esibindini, izicubu ze-adipose nemisipha ephuma egazini;
- kusebenze izinqubo ze-metabolic ukuze umzimba ususe amandla amakhulu kuma-carbohydrate, kulondolozwe amaprotheni namafutha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:
- Inamandla okugcina nokuqongelela ushukela emisipha kanye nezicubu ze-adipose;
- ivumela ukucubungulwa kwe-glucose ngamaseli wesibindi ku-glycogen;
- isiza ukwandisa izinqubo zamafutha we-metabolic;
- isithiyo ekuqhekekeni kwamaprotheni;
- kwandisa izinqubo zamaprotheni we-metabolic ezicutshini zemisipha.
I-insulin ingenye yama-hormone anomthelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni okujwayelekile kwengane, ngakho-ke izingane zidinga ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone okwenziwa ngamanyikwe.
Izinga le-insulin ngqo lincike ekudleni komuntu nendlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, izidlo eziningi ezidumile zakhiwa ngokusekelwe kulo mgomo.
Esikhathini sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala, akukho kukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emzimbeni, okuphumela ekubeni umuzwa wesiguli wesidingo esijwayelekile semijovo yaleli hormone.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zemithi yesimanje
Namuhla, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthola i-insulin:
ukulungiswa okwenziwe ngemithi, okutholakala ngenxa yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje;
umuthi otholakala njengomphumela wokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ngama-pancreas ezilwane (okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokwelapha zesimanje kuyizinto eziyiminyaka edlule).
Futhi, izidakamizwa zokwenziwa zingaba:
- I-insulin emfishane futhi emfushane esebenza ngokubambelela, esivele isebenza imizuzu engamashumi amabili ngemuva kokuphatha, ifaka i-actrapid, isilawuli se-humulin ne-insuman-evamile Izidakamizwa ezinjalo azixazululeki futhi ziphathwa ngokungaziphathi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nomjovo we-intramuscular or intravenous. Umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu wesidakamizwa esikhokhelwayo uqala amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva komjovo. I-insulin enjalo isetshenziswa, njengomthetho, ukulawula i-spikes kashukela wegazi, uma wephula ukudla noma ukushaqeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo.
- Imithi yesikhathi esiphakathi. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zithinta umzimba kusuka emahoreni ayishumi nanhlanu kuya ngosuku. Kungakho ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela kwanele ukwenza imijovo emibili kuya kwemithathu ngosuku. Njengomthetho, i-zinc noma i-protamine ifakiwe emithini enjalo, enikeza izinga elidingekayo lokufakwa egazini nokuncipha okuhamba kancane.
- Izidakamizwa ezisebenza isikhathi eside. Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukuthi umphumela ngemuva komjovo uhlala isikhathi eside - kusuka emahoreni angamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu nesithupha. Isenzo se-insulin siqala ukubonakala ngehora noma amabili kusukela ngomjovo. Imvamisa, odokotela banikeza lolu hlobo lomuthi ezigulini ezinokuzwa okunciphile kwe-hormone, abantu asebekhulile nalabo okudingeka baye njalo emtholampilo ukuyojova.
Udokotela okhona kuphela onokunikeza isiguli izidakamizwa ezidingekayo, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwahlulela ukuthi iyiphi i-insulin engcono. Ngokuya ngobunzima benkambo yesifo, isidingo sehomoni kanye nezinye izinto, kukhethwe umuthi ofanele wesiguli. Into ebalulekile ukuthi umuntu mdala kangakanani.
Kwakukholelwa ukuthi athola amafutha nge-insulin, kodwa kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ngesifo sikashukela, izinqubo eziningi ze-metabolic ezenzeka emzimbeni ziyaphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ezikhuluphele esigulini zingabonakala.
Ungathola amafutha ngenxa yezinye izinto eziningi, imiphumela emibi ye-insulin enezinye izici.
Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-insulin ingabonakala kanjani?
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kokusebenzisa i-hormone, kukhona ubungozi obukhona ekuphathweni kwe-insulin. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ezinye iziguli zibona umphumela omuhle ovela ekuphathweni komuthi, uwusebenzisa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, kanti ezinye zingahle zikhononde ngokuthuthukiswa kokungafani komzimba okuhlukahlukene. Kulesi simo, i-allergy ingenzeki kuphela engxenyeni esebenzayo, kodwa nakwezinye izinto zomuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yemijovo engaguquki, kungaqhamuka inkinga, ukuthi ungawukhipha kanjani ama-cones noma ama-cones.
Kuyini ubungozi be-insulin, yimiphi imiphumela emibi engenzeka ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-insulin? Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwe-insulin ifaka:
- Ukubonakaliswa kokungahambi kahle komzimba endaweni lapho kwenziwa khona umjovo. Ingazibonakalisa ngesimo sobunye obuhlukahlukene, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala, noma izinqubo zokuvuvukala.
- Kukhona amathuba okukhulisa ukungezwani komzimba ngenxa ye-hypersensitivity kwenye yezakhi zomuthi. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko yizifo zesikhumba, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-bronchospasm.
- Ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye kulo muthi njengomphumela we-hyperglycemia ende.
- Izinkinga zombono zingenzeka. Njengomthetho, i-insulin enjalo ibangela imiphumela emibi eyeyesikhashana. Enye yezinyathelo eziyinhloko ukunciphisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamehlo nokuqinisekisa ukuthula.
- Kwezinye izimo, umzimba womuntu uyakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies ukuphendula ukuphathwa komuthi.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokuqala kokudla, ingozi yokuthola i-insulin ingahle ibonakale njengokuvela kokudumba okukhulu, okunyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. I-Edema ingenzeka ngenxa yokulibaziseka ekuvekeni kwe-sodium ngumzimba. Njengomthetho, iziguli ebezisebenzisa imishanguzo iminyaka eminingi azihlangani nale nkinga.
Uma amalungiselelo e-insulin elawulwa, imiphumela emibi ingavela ngenxa yokusebenzisana nezinye izidakamizwa. Ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi lapho uthatha i-insulin, ukusetshenziswa komuthi ngamunye omusha kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe nodokotela ohambelayo.
Lapho usebenzisa i-insulin, imiphumela emibi yesidakamizwa ingeze yenzeke kuphela uma isiguli sinamathela ngokuqinile kuzo zonke izincomo zikadokotela.
Yiziphi izinto eziphikiswa ukusetshenziswa komuthi?
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungaba nezindlela eziningi zokuphikisana. Ukuthatha umuthi ngokuqondile kuya ngendlela yokuphila yesiguli nokudla okufanele.
Uma ulandela ngokuqinile zonke izincomo zikadokotela okhona, ungafinyelela ukwehliswa komthamo womuthi olungiselelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezingathinta ubukhona be-contraindication inani leminyaka kanye nempilo ejwayelekile yesiguli.
Kuyenqatshelwa ukwenza i-insulin ukwelashwa ngamacala alandelayo:
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia kushukela kungadala izinkinga;
- izinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka esibindini, lokhu kufaka phakathi i-cirrhosis ne-hepatitis eyingozi;
- izifo zama-pancreas nezinso (i-pancreatitis, nephritis, urolithiasis);
- ezinye izifo zomgudu wesisu (isilonda esiswini noma isilonda se-duodenal);
- isifo senhliziyo esibi.
Uma isiguli sinezifo ezifana nokushoda kwe-coronary noma izinkinga zokujikeleza kwe-cerebral, zonke izinqubo zokwelapha kufanele zenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko ikhuluma ngemiphumela emibi evela ekuphuzeni i-insulin.
