Isifo sikashukela yisifo se-endocrine esithinta umuntu oyedwa kwabayisithupha emhlabeni. Izinkinga ezikhubazekile kumanyikwe, ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca, ukudla okungenakulinganiswa kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-pathology.
Ngesifo sikashukela, ingozi yokuthola ukuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemia ne-hypoglycemia iyanda. Lezi zimo ziyingozi kakhulu empilweni yabantu, ngoba uma zimiswa ngesikhathi, zingakha i-comia yesifo sikashukela noma i-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlasela ushukela kulula kakhulu ukukuxilonga. Abesifazane nabesilisa banezimpawu zokuziphatha. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa, isiguli sinokuqwashiswa ukwazi kanti nesigqi senhliziyo siyaphazamiseka.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemia
I-Hyperglycemia yisimo sabanesifo sikashukela lapho kunokwanda okukhulu koshukela wegazi. Imvamisa, izinga likashukela kufanele libe ngu-5.5. I-Hyperglycemia ihambisana nokwanda kwamazinga kashukela ngaphezulu kwaleli zinga.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula kwe-hyperglycemia izinga eliphansi le-insulin egazini. Imvamisa lesi simo sikhula njengomphumela wokudla ukudla okunama-khalori amaningi aqukethe ama-carbohydrate alula.
Ngisho nokuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemic kushukela kungakhula ngenxa yengcindezi noma ukuzikhandla ngokwengeziwe komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezithathelwanayo zingakhuphula kakhulu amazinga kashukela egazi.
Yiziphi izinkomba kashukela wegazi ophakeme? Izimpawu ezilandelayo zikhombisa ukuqhubeka kokuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemic:
- Umlomo owomile. Lesi sibonakaliso senzeka ngamaphesenti ayi-100. Esikhathini sikashukela, umlomo owomile uhambisana nokoma okukhulu. Isiguli singaphuza amanzi ngamalitha, kepha ukomela lokhu akupheli.
- Ukuchama okusheshayo.
- Umbono ofiphele. Isiguli asikwazi ukubona kahle izinto ezizungezile. Umbono we-Vague ukhombisa ukukhula kokudakwa kanzima komzimba. Uma isiguli singanikezwa usizo lokuqala, i-ketoacidosis ingaqhamuka.
- Ukumunca i-acetone ephuma emlonyeni.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu. Kulokhu, i-pain syndrome i-paroxysmal emvelweni. Imvamisa Ubuhlungu buyehla imizuzu embalwa, bese ubuya ngamandla amakhulu.
- Ukuqhafaza Ukuqunjelwa kwenzeka lapho izinga le-glucose egazini likhuphukela ku-10-15 mmol l.
Uma ukuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemic sikashukela kungaziwa ngesikhathi, izimpawu zizokhula kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-ketoacidosis izoqala ukuthuthuka.
Kulesi simo, isiguli sinekhanda elibuhlungu, loma ngaphandle kolwelwesi lwe-mucous, ukuhlanza njalo, ukusika izinhlungu emgodini wesisu.
Izimbangela zokuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic
I-Hypoglycemia yisimo lapho ushukela wegazi wehla kakhulu. Kungani lokhu kuhlasela kukhula? Ngokuvamile kukhula ngenxa yokweqisa kwezidakamizwa. Lokhu kungaba njalo uma udokotela ohambelayo eye wanikeza isiguli imithamo ephezulu kakhulu ye-insulin noma amaphilisi okunciphisa ushukela.
Futhi, ushintsho kuma-pharmacokinetics wezidakamizwa ezithile kungadala ukuncipha okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela wegazi. Lokhu kwenzeka uma umuntu eba nesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwezinso. Futhi, i-pharmacokinetics ingashintsha uma kukhona ukujula okungekuhle komjovo, futhi i-insulin ingene emsipha. Kuyadingeka ukuphambanisa amalungiselelo kuphela.
Ezinye izimbangela ze-hypoglycemia zifaka:
- Umsebenzi omzimba wesikhathi eside. Ngokuzivocavoca okukhulu komzimba, izicubu ziba nemizwa ethe xaxa emiphumeleni ye-insulin, ekhulisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia.
- Ukwephulwa kwe-adrenal gland noma i-pituitary gland.
- Amaphutha ekudleni okunempilo. Uma umuntu engazange adle ama-carbohydrate anele ukumboza umthamo we-insulin, khona-ke ingozi yokuhlaselwa kokuhlaselwa inyuka kakhulu.
- I-Gastroparesis.
- Isifo seMalabsorption.
- Ukukhulelwa
- Isikhathi sokuzala.
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta umzimba.
- Ukufudumeza okungatheni. Ezimweni zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ukufunwa kwe-insulin kungokwehla kakhulu.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemia kungakhula ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwezidakamizwa ezithile. Odokotela bathi ngama-anticoagulants, ama-barbiturates, ama-antihistamines noma ama-Aspirin, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucose esibindini kuyehla. Njengomphumela, izimo ezinhle zenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic.
Okunye ukuhlaselwa, okuhambisana nokwehla okukhulu koshukela egazini, kungabangelwa ukugcinwa okungafanele kwe-insulin noma izidakamizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa isikhathi eside nge-gamma globulin kungavusa i-hypoglycemia. Kulokhu, ingxenye yamaseli we-beta ingabuyiselwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isidingo se-insulin sehla kakhulu.
Izimpawu zokuhlasela kwe-hypoglycemia
Ngokuncipha okubukhali koshukela wegazi kubantu, ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-endocrine nezinhlelo zezinzwa kuyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenzeka indlala enzima, ehambisana nokujuluka, isikhumba sangaphambili, umuzwa wokukhathazeka.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-hypoglycemia zihlanganisa ukucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo kanye nenhliziyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umfutho wokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo uyanda. Ngokuncipha okukhulu kwezinga le-glucose egazini, isiguli sinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuthuthumela. Umuntu unyakazisa yonke imilenze. I-Tremor ishiwo kakhulu kangangokuba isiguli asikwazi ngisho nokubamba imfoloko noma isipuni ezandleni zayo.
- Anikine ikhanda. Imvamisa kuhambisana nesiyezi.
- Kwehliswe ukubonwa okubonakalayo. Izinga loshukela wegazi ophakeme futhi ngokuhlolisisayo lubonakaliswa ukwephulwa kwezitho zomzimba. Umuntu ngeke akwazi ukwenza izinto ezimzungezile. Imvamisa ukwehla kwe-acuity ebonakalayo kuhambisana nenkulumo engaboni kahle.
- Ukudideka esikhaleni.
- Ukuqina kwemisipha eqinile. Kwesinye isikhathi iba nokuquleka.
Uma ungayeki ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, kufikelwa ikhehla likashukela. Kulokhu, izimpawu kashukela wegazi oncishisiwe ziya zivezwa. Uma kunosizo lokuqala olungafanele, isiguli siphelelwa amandla.
Uma ungakuyekeli ukuhlaselwa, khona-ke kufa.
Usizo lokuqala ngesikhathi sokuquleka
Yini okufanele uyenze uma umuntu eba nokuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemia? Ekuqaleni, udinga ukukala izinga le-glucose egazini. Ngokukhonjwa kwe-14 mmol / L, ukuphathwa ngokushesha kwe-insulin yohlobo olufushane kukhonjisiwe. Ukujova okulandelayo akuvunyelwe ngaphambi kwamahora ayi-2-3.
Uma ushukela ungehli ngisho nangemva komjovo, khona-ke kukhonjiswa esibhedlela ngokushesha, njengoba ubungozi bokukhula ketoacidosis bukhuphuka. Esibhedlela, isiguli sifakwa i-insulin.
Ukwethulwa kwama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni namavithamini akhethekile nakho kuyakhonjiswa. Inhloso yalokhu kwelashwa ukubuyisela esele elijwayelekile le-acid-base. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-ketoacidosis, isiguli sinikezwa i-enema enesixazululo se-soda.
Ngemuva kokumisa ukuhlaselwa, isiguli kufanele:
- Phuza amanzi amaningi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi we-alkaline, ngoba kusiza ukuguqula ibhalansi ye-acid-base ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Landela ukudla. Ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, iziphuzo ezidakayo, namakhekhe amasha asuselwa ekudleni.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ukuhamba emoyeni omusha kanye nokuzivocavoca kuzovimbela ukukhula kokuhlaselwa kwe-hyperglycemic.
Ungenza kanjani ngokuhlaselwa kwe-hypoglycemic? Ekuqaleni, udinga ukukala ushukela wegazi. Uma iphansi, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukunikeza isiguli isixazululo nge-glucose. Ukunamathisela i-glucose kuzosiza futhi ukukhulisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Kumele ihlikihlwe ezinsini.
Akusizi ngalutho ukunika isiguli ukudla okunoshukela omningi, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuhlasela isiguli ngeke sikwazi ukuhlafuna ukudla. Kepha kuthiwani uma isiguli siphulukana nokwazi ngenxa yamazinga amancane kashukela? Kulokhu, kufanele:
- Shayela i-ambulensi.
- Faka i-glucagon esigulini. Le hormone isiza ukukhulisa ngokumangazayo amazinga kashukela egazi. Ikhithi ephuthumayo ye-Glucagon iyatholakala kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi. Noma ngubani odlulayo uzokwazi ukuyithenga, into esemqoka ukuthi abe neresiphi efanelekile. Ukwethula i-hormone kunconywa intramuscularly.
- Beka isiguli eceleni kwakhe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze amathe aphuma emlonyeni bese isiguli sehluleka ukugwinyela kuso.
- Faka induku yokhuni emazinyweni. Le nqubo izosiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthi isiguli silume ulimi lwaso.
- Ngokuhlanza, kubalulekile ukugeza isicubu somlomo wesiguli ekuhlanzeni.
Esimweni sesibhedlela, lokhu kuhlaselwa kumiswa yi-glucose ye-intravenous. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga likashukela wegazi libuyele kokujwayelekile, kunikezwe ukwelashwa okubonakalayo kwesiguli. Kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamathebulegi kashukela nokudla okukhethekile. Isiguli kudingeka silinganise izinga le-glucose esegazini njalo emahoreni angama-2,5 ukugwema ukubuyela emuva. Ividiyo ekulesi sihloko izokusiza ngokuhlaselwa isifo sikashukela.
