Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sitholakala kumaphesenti angaphezu kwangama-90 wabo bonke abanesifo sikashukela. Ngalesi sizathu, kubhekwa njengesifo esivame kakhulu ukwedlula isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ikhula lapho ihola indlela engafanele, kanye nasezigulini esezikhulile lapho ukuphazamiseka komzimba kuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezihlobene nobudala.
Iziguli ezitholakala zinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zikhuluphele emaphesenti angama-80 amacala, okuholela ekungondleki kahle. Imvamisa, ama-deposits amafutha aqongelela esiswini nasemzimbeni ophezulu. Kulokhu, isibalo siba njenge-apula, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukukhuluphala esiswini.
Ukuze sinciphise umthwalo kuma-pancreas ohlobo lwe-2 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukulandela zonke izincomo zodokotela, ezizosiza ukunciphisa ijubane lokufa kwamaseli we-beta. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwamaseli emiphumeleni ye-insulin emzimbeni, ngenxa yalokho ukuncishiswa kwe-insulin kuncishisiwe.
Ukudla okwelashwa kanye nokudla okufanele kuzosiza ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Ikakhulu, ezinye izidakamizwa ezengeza ushukela kufanele zithathwe ukuze zikhulise ukubambezeleka kokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin.
Ngemuva kokuthi udokotela esethole isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, udinga ukucabanga kabusha ngempilo yakho.
- Udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungalawula kanjani ushukela wegazi, ngoba nsuku zonke izilinganiso zegazi zithathwa ngamazinga kashukela besebenzisa i-glucometer.
- Okokuqala, kufanele unake izinkomba ze-glucose ngemuva kokudla.
- Ukudla okunempilo kufanele kube okulungile nokunempilo; ukudla ukudla okwenqatshelwe okunama-carbohydrate ayenqatshelwe. Ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga, kudalwe okhethekile ukudla kwe-carb ekhethekile kwabanesifo sikashukela.
- Ukuzivocavoca kuzosiza ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi lakho. Njengoba isimo sesifo sikashukela sincike ebukhona bokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, odokotela bavame ukutusa ukungeza ukwelashwa ngokujaha noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuvivinya umzimba ezizuzisa umzimba.
- Uma amazinga kashukela wegazi anganciphi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukudla kusetshenziswa, udokotela unquma izidakamizwa ezikhethekile zokunciphisa ushukela.
- Kusimo kuphela lapho ukwelashwa okunjalo kungaphumeleli, kunqunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin, okungeniswa emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokulala noma esiswini esingenalutho ekuseni. Isikimu sokwelashwa okunjalo kumele kuvunyelwane ngaso nodokotela oholayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kunqunyelwe kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile lapho ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kungasizi. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukwenza yonke imizamo ukulungisa izinga likashukela egazini.
Uma udokotela ebeka i-insulin ngaphandle kocwaningo olunemininingwane lomlando wezokwelapha, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nenye i-endocrinologist.
Ungawavikela kanjani amaphutha ekwelashweni
Iphutha elikhulu labanesifo sikashukela kwesinye isikhathi elenziwa ukuthatha amaphilisi e-sulfonylurea. Iqiniso ukuthi izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivusa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okwengeziwe ngamaseli e-pancreatic.
Okwamanje, ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, inkinga ayikho esilinganisweni se-insulin ekhiqizwayo, kodwa ukuthi isiguli sinomuzwa ophansi wamaseli emiphumeleni ye-hormone.
Lapho uthatha izidakamizwa ezivuselelayo, ama-pancreas aqala ukusebenza ngomthwalo ophindwe kabili, ngenxa yalokho amangqamuzana aphela futhi afe.
Ngakho-ke, yizo izidakamizwa ezidala ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngemuva kokungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe.
Futhi, lezo zinkinga ziholela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Futhi, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zingadala i-hypoglycemia uma onesifo sikashukela engahambelani nomthamo noma engadli ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi.
Ukugwema iphutha elinjalo, kufanele utadishe ngokucophelela imiyalo kanye nokwakheka kwemithi ebekiwe. Uma ziqukethe izinto ezihlobene ne-sulfonylurea, ungaziphathi. Lokhu kusebenza nezidakamizwa zohlobo oluhlanganisiwe, oluqukethe izinto ezimbili ezisebenzayo.
Inketho enhle yesifo sikashukela ukuphuza imishanguzo equkethe i-metformin ngaphandle kwezengezo, isibonelo, i-Glucofage noma iSiofor 1000. Noma kunjalo, le mishanguzo yehlisa amazinga kashukela nge-0,5-1 mmol / ilitha kuphela, ngakho-ke akufanele ulindele umphumela ongaphezulu kubo.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kungukudla okuhle, kepha awukwazi ukubulawa yindlala, ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla kwekhalori. Ukudla akumele kufake kuphela ukudla okunempilo nokungenangozi, kodwa futhi nezitsha ezihlwabusayo nezinhliziyo.
Ukuhlukumeza kakhulu ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nakho akunconywa, noma ngabe ukudla kunempilo. Kuyadingeka ukuqeda inqubo yokudla lapho kuba nokuxineka okuncane nokulamba okuncane.
Ungazibeki umkhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwamafutha. Ukudla okwelaphayo kungafaka ibhotela, amaqanda, inyama nezitsha zenhlanzi zasolwandle.
Ukugwema indlala enkulu, kufanele uhlelele ukudla usuku lonke. Ukudla okulula okuyisimo samaqanda, ingulube ebilisiwe, ushizi noma amantongomane kungaba usizo olusheshayo, ongaluthwala uma kudingeka.
Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, ungakuhlehlisi. Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zingakhula ngamanani kashukela we-6.0 mmol / litre.
Kuyafuneka ukuthi uhlole ukuthi ungawufaka kanjani umjovo ngaphandle kobuhlungu futhi ufunde ukubala ngokuzimela umthamo odingekayo.
Ungavilaphi ukuqapha amazinga kashukela egazini nsuku zonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconyelwa ukugcina idayari ekhethekile, ekhombisa ukuthi ukudla bekubandakanya ini, izidakamizwa ezingaki zithathwe, noma ngabe kungenwe i-insulin, isimo jikelele somzimba nokuba khona komzimba noma ukucindezelwa.
Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokunciphisa ushukela
Ngohlobo 2 sd, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukukhetha iqoqo lokuzivocavoca umzimba othanda ukukwenza nsuku zonke. Ukudla okuphulukisa, okubandakanya ukondleka okufanele, nemithi ekhethekile nayo inomthelela ekululameni.
Odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukugijimela, okukuvumela ukuthi uzizwe ungcono futhi kungathathi isikhathi esiningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ivumela abantu abanenkinga yamajoyina ukuba bagijime. Kungcono uma ukugijima kuzoshintshana ngezigaba ejimini. Ungakhetha umdlalo ngokubona kwakho, into esemqoka ukuthi uwukwenza njalo futhi ngaphandle kokushiseka ngokweqile.
Ukwelashwa okunjalo, ngenkathi ugcina indlela efanele yokuphila, njengomthetho, kukuvumela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kanye ne-insulin. Ukudla okufanele kanye nokudla okwelaphayo kuzosiza ukugcina amanani eglucose emazingeni angama-5.3-6.0 mmol / ilitha kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-5.5.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzivocavoca, izidakamizwa zenza okufanayo emzimbeni, kepha zibuthakathaka futhi azisebenzi kangako. Njengomthetho, imithi ibekelwe labo abanesifo sikashukela abangakwazi noma abangafuni ukudlala imidlalo.
I-insulin isetshenziswa nini?
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-insulin isetshenziswa kuphela njengezinyathelo zokugcina, uma ezinye izidakamizwa kanye nokudla okwelapha kungasizi. Kumaphesenti angama-90 amacala anesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, abanesifo sikashukela bangalawula isimo sabo futhi balawule amazinga kashukela egazini besebenzisa ukudla okufanele nokuvivinya umzimba.
Okwamanje, kunezimo lapho ukuxilongwa kwembula khona uhlobo olunzima lwalesi sifo, lapho amanyikwe engakwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo esithuthukile kanye nokuntuleka kwe-insulin kuqala.
Kulokhu, uma i-hormone ingaphathwanga, amazinga kashukela egazini asazothuthukiswa, ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simo singadala izinkinga ezinkulu eziholela ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Kukhona izikhathi lapho abanesifo sikashukela abavilaphayo esikhundleni semfundo engokomzimba bakhetha imijovo ye-insulin. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isinyathelo esivumelekile. Kukhanya namandla umthwalo ongasiza amaseli we-pancreatic, okuthi, ngemuva kokudlala imidlalo, aqale ukubona i-insulin ngokwengeziwe, okwandisa ukuzwela kule hormone.
Ukubandakanya ezemidlalo kuzonciphisa kakhulu umthamo we-insulin kulabo bantu okufanele basebenzise i-hormone ukulungisa izinkomba zikashukela. Kungenzeka ukuthi uma yonke imithetho nezincomo zilandelwa, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, imijovo ye-insulin ingakhanselwa.
Uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-hormone, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukudla okuselapha kukhanselwe ngokuphelele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe kufaka phakathi ukudla kwe-carb ephansi. Kunconywa futhi ukwenza konke ukunciphisa isisindo. Lokhu kuzosiza hhayi kuphela ukudla, kepha nezemidlalo.
Ezinye iziguli, ngokwesaba ukujwayela ukusebenzisa i-hormone, zingasebenzisi i-insulin ekugcineni. Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho okunye okusizayo, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqhutshekwe nokwelashwa kwe-insulin, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga ezinjengokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungenzeka.
Futhi, indlela ethuthukile yalesi sifo ingaholela ekuqunjweni kwe-gangrene kanye nasemlenzeni kushukela, ubumpumputhe, kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso.
Ngakho-ke, i-insulin kungaba ukuphela kwendlela yokululama uma ukuxilongwa kukhombisa izinkinga zesifo sikashukela.
Kungani welapha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Uma ukuxilongwa kukhombisile ukuba khona kohlobo 2 sd, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale ngokushesha ukwelashwa futhi ungalibali. Umgomo oyinhloko wesifo sikashukela ukuqiniseka ukuthi ushukela wegazi ngu-4.6 mmol / ilitha ngaphambili, ngesikhathi nangemva kokudla.
Lokhu ungakuthola uma uhlela ukudla usuku lonke. Ukuthola umthamo, ngesikhathi esithile sosuku udinga ukudla okwehlukile kwe-carb ephansi, bese uthatha izilinganiso zegazi zoshukela. Lokhu kuzonquma usayizi ofanele wokusebenza.
Imenyu kufanele ifake ikakhulukazi ukudla okungekho i-carbohydrate eningi. Ubukhulu bengxenye buye bunqunywe ngokusekelwe ekutheni isiguli silambile kangakanani nokuthi iyiphi i-glucometer ekhombisa.
Ukuze welaphe lesi sifo, isiguli kufanele sisuse zonke izimbangela zokuvela kwayo futhi silwele imigomo elandelayo nsuku zonke:
- Izinga likashukela wegazi ngehora namahora amabili ngemuva kokudla akufanele lidlule ku-5.2-5,5 mmol / lit.
- Ngamahora okusa, inkomba ye-glucose kufanele ibe ngu-5.2-5.5 mmol / litre.
- Idatha ye-hemoglobin ye-Glycated kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-5.5. Ngokufanelekile, uma izinga lingaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-5.0, lokhu kugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga kanye nokuqala kokushona komuntu kwasekuqaleni.
- Kubalulekile ukukala i-cholesterol yegazi njalo futhi uyigcine ijwayelekile. Kulokhu, okuthiwa i-cholesterol enhle kungadlula lesi simo.
- Umfutho wegazi akufanele wedlule i-130/85 mm Hg, izingqinamba ezinesifo somzimba azikho.
- Ukugcina isimo semithambo yegazi kusiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosulinosis.
- Ikakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngengozi yemithambo yegazi, okubaluleke kakhulu kunokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol.
- Ukuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo kukuvumela ukuthi uyeke ukwehla kombono.
- Ukudla okwelaphayo kukuvumela ukuthi umise ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukise. Okufanayo kusebenza emsebenzini wengqondo.
- Zonke izimbangela zokuthuthuka kwe-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela, ezihamba kancane kancane, nazo ziyaqedwa. Izinkinga ezinjengonyawo lwesifo sikashukela zingalapheka ngendlela efanelekile nangesikhathi esifanele.
Imvamisa, odokotela bazama ukufeza amazinga kashukela egazi ka-5.4-5.9 mmol / litre. Kodwa-ke, imininingwane enjalo ayiphephile ngokuphelele kwabanesifo sikashukela, isimo esifanayo sandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngamaphesenti angama-40.
Ngalesi sizathu, kufanelekile uma ukudla okuhlinzekwayo kuxhaswa ngokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba, lokhu kuzofinyelela inkomba ye-5.2 mmol / litre.
Isifo sikashukela esinga-insulin futhi nezimbangela zaso
Izizathu ezibalulekile zokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili zihambisana nokuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin. Ngefomu elithuthuke ngokwengeziwe, amanyikwe awakwazi ukukhiqiza ngokuphelele i-hormone.
Esigabeni sokuqala sesi sifo, inqwaba ye-insulin ingene egazini. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesizathu sokuncipha kokuzwela kweseli, izinga loshukela ngaphansi kwethonya le-hormone emzimbeni wesiguli alinciphi. Njengomthetho, lesi simo sivusa ukukhuluphala.
Ngokuphikisana okuqinile kwe-insulin egazini kukhona okuqukethwe okunyukayo kwe-insulin, lokhu kuholela ekuqongeleleni ngokushesha kwezicubu ze-adipose. Ngamafutha ngokweqile ngesimo se-triglycerides, ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuya ku-hormone kuyancipha.
Ngenxa yokuqongelela kwamafutha emzimbeni, kukhuphuka kancane kancane emthwalweni wepancreas. Ngenxa yalokhu, amangqamuzana e-beta awakwazi ukubhekana nokuvikeleka komthamo odingekayo we-insulin. Kunokwenyuka ushukela wegazi, amangqamuzana e-beta afa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, udokotela uthola ukuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siwukuthi sinjani.
Imvamisa, ukumelana ne-insulin kubangelwa izakhi zofuzo, okungukuthi, ukuba khona kwefa.
Kuholela nasendleleni yokuphila yokuphila, ukudla kakhulu ukudla okuningi okune-carbohydrate.
Umehluko phakathi kohlobo lokuqala nesibili lwesifo sikashukela
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezifo ziyafana ngokufana, kodwa nokho zinokuhluka. Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus sinobuchopho bokukhula kancane kancane nangobumnene. Ngalesi sifo, ushukela wegazi awuvamile ukukhuphukela ezingeni elibucayi.
Kodwa-ke, uma ungakunaki ukuba khona kwalesi sifo ngesikhathi, izinga le-glucose eliphakeme lingadala zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga ezinkulu, ngenxa yalokho ukukhubazeka ngisho nokufa kwesiguli kungenzeka.
Ukuqina okuthe xaxa kweglucose egazini elinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuholela ekuphulekeni kokusebenza kokuphela kwezinzwa, imithambo yegazi, uhlelo lwenhliziyo, imishini yokubonakalayo, izinso, isibindi nezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
Njengomthetho, ngohlobo lwesibili, azikho izimpawu ezisobala zokuba khona kwalesi sifo, ngakho-ke asitholakali ngokushesha. Isiguli kungenzeka singakhonondi ngalutho, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana, kungenzeka ukuthi sitholakala noshukela okhuphukile.
Esigabeni sokuqala, isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili asisi songo esinamandla, njengesifo sohlobo lokuqala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokungabikho kwezimpawu ezisobala, lesi sifo singawucekela phansi umzimba kancane kancane.
Ngenxa yalokho, onesifo sikashukela uba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukungaboni noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga. Kwabesifazane, ukutheleleka kohlelo lwe-genitourinary kuvame ukutholakala, kuthi emadodeni, kutholakale ukungabi namandla.
Lesi sifo sikhula kanjani?
Ngenxa yokumelana ne-insulin, isidingo somzimba sokunyuka kwe-inulin, esibangela i-hyperinsulinemia. Isimo esinjalo singasiholela emiphumeleni elandelayo:
- Ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- Ukulimala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi;
- Ukuqinisa ukumelana ne-insulin.
Ngakho-ke, i-hyperinsulinemia kanye nokumelana ne-insulin kuqinisa amandla, okuholela ku-metabolic syndrome. Lesi simo siyaqhubeka iminyaka eminingana kuze kube yilapho amaseli we-pancreas ephelelwa umthwalo. Ngemuva kwalokhu okwenzekile, umuntu onesifo sikashukela unokwanda okukhulu kwe-glucose yegazi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuqala kwesimo esinzima salesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa nezindlela zokuthibela ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Esikhundleni sokuqala kokuvuselela ama-pancreas ukukhiqiza i-insulin ebonakala ngathi ayilahleki, zonke izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukukhulisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana kuyi-hormone.Lokhu kunikezwa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile nokudla okwelaphayo, kanye nesimo sengqondo esifanelekile!
