Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus yisifo esenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kwemetabolism, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin emzimbeni womuntu. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukungakwazi kwama-pancreas ukukhiqiza inani elidingekayo le-insulin yekhwalithi efanele.
Lesi sifo singenzeka ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo esiyisisekelo, lapho i-thyroid noma i-pancreas, izindlala ze-adrenal, i-pituitary gland nokunye kuthinteka khona.
Imvamisa, le nto yenzeka uma isiguli sithatha noma imuphi umuthi. Ngokuvamile, isifo sikashukela asikwazi ukungenwa yileli gciwane;
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo, izinhlobo ezimbili zikashukela ziyahlukaniswa.
- Uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo selashwa ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwe-insulin emzimbeni impilo yonke. Isifo esifanayo sitholakala kaningi ezinganeni nasentsheni.
- Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sohlobo lwesibili, noma esingathembi i-insulin, sivame ukutholakala kubantu asebekhulile.
Imbangela enkulu yokwakheka kwalesi sifo kubhekwa njengokuhlukumeza amasosha omzimba. Lesi sifo sivame ukuba khona ngemuva kokuba isiguli sigule isifo se-viral, kubandakanya i-hepatitis, i-rubella, i-mumps nabanye.
Uma umuntu enethuba lokuthola isifo sikashukela, amagciwane anomthelela olimazayo kumaseli we-pancreatic.
Futhi, imbangela yohlobo lwesibili sikashukela ihlala ikhuluphele, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela banquma ukwelashwa ngokudla okukhethekile ukuze kuqedwe isisindo ngokweqile.
Lesi sifo siqala ukubonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Abesifazane bavame ukuzwa ukozela, bakhathale ngokushesha, ukujuluka kakhulu, futhi nokuchama okuvamisile kuyabonakala.
- Izinwele zendoda ziqala ukuphuma, ukulunywa kobuso besikhumba kuyabonakala, iziguli zivame ukuphuza kakhulu.
- Izingane zehlisa isisindo ngendlela ephakeme, kaningi kunokujwayelekile uma zibuzwa ukuthi ziphuze, futhi ziye zichame njalo ukuchama.
Uma isifo sikashukela singelashwa, lesi sifo singasiholela emiphumeleni emibi nasekufeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isifo sikashukela sibangela izifo eziningi zenhliziyo, izifo zezitho zombono, ukuhluleka kwezinso, ukulimala kohlelo lwezinzwa, kuphazamisa ukwakhiwa.
Ukwephula okubi kakhulu ukukhuphuka okubukhali noma ukuncipha koshukela wegazi. Okwamanje, ukuthatha imishanguzo yokwehlisa i-hyperglycemia noma ukuvimbela i-hypoglycemic coma ngemuva kwalokho kungadala izifo ezinkulu eziwohlokayo.
Ukugwema noma ukunciphisa ukubangwa kwezidakamizwa, kukhona indlela entsha ekwelashweni kohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela esinamaseli we-stem.
Indlela efanayo isusa imbangela yalesi sifo, yehlisa ushukela wegazi. Ukufaka le ndlela kubhekwa njengokusebenzayo ekubonisweni kwe-hypoglycemia nazo zonke izinhlobo zemiphumela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli we-stem ekwelapheni lesi sifo
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesifo, udokotela unquma ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin, ukudla okuqinile kokulapha nokuzivocavoca. Indlela entsha ukuphatha isifo sikashukela esinama-stem cell.
- Indlela efanayo isuselwe ekubuyiselweni kwamaseli we-pancreatic owonakele ngamaseli we-stem. Ngenxa yalokhu, isitho sangaphakathi esonakalisiwe siyabuyiselwa futhi siqale ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
- Ikakhulu, ukungatheleleki kuyaqiniswa, kwakhiwa imithambo yegazi emisha, futhi ezindala zingabuyiselwa futhi ziqiniswe.
- Ekwelapheni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-glucose esegazini ijwayelekile, ngenxa yalokho udokotela ekhansela umuthi.
Ayini ama-stem cell? Bakhona kuwo wonke umzimba futhi bayadingeka ukuze kulungiswe izitho zangaphakathi ezonakele.
Kodwa-ke, minyaka yonke isibalo salawa maseli sincishiswa kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho umzimba uqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kwezinsiza kusebenza zokubuyisa ukulimala kwangaphakathi.
Emithini yesimanje, bafundile ukwenza inani elilahlekile lamaseli we-stem. Zisakazwa ezimweni zelebhu, ngemuva kwalokho zethulwe emzimbeni wesiguli.
Ngemuva kokuthi amaseli we-stem anamathiselwe izicubu zamanyikwe awonakele, aguqulwa aba amaseli asebenzayo.
Yini engapholisa amaseli?
Ngesikhathi sokulashwa kohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela ngokusebenzisa indlela efanayo, kungenzeka ukubuyisela kuphela ingxenye yamanyikwe eyonakele, kepha-ke, lokhu kwanele ukunciphisa umthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin olungiselelwe.
Kubandakanya ngosizo lwama-stem cell kungenzeka ukuqeda ubunzima bezinkinga zikashukela zanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
Ku-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, i-retina elimele iyabuyiselwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza ngcono isimo se-retina, kepha futhi kusiza ukuvela kwemithambo emisha ethuthukisa ukulethwa kwegazi kwizitho zombono. Ngakho-ke, isiguli siyakwazi ukugcina umbono.
- Ngosizo lokwelashwa kwanamuhla, amasosha omzimba aqiniswa kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ukumelana komzimba ezifweni eziningi kukhuphuka. Lo mkhuba ukuvumela ukuthi umise ukubhujiswa kwezicubu ezithambile emilenzeni ku-angiopathy yesifo sikashukela.
- Ngomonakalo emithanjeni yobuchopho, ukungabi namandla, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso okungapheli, indlela yokuchayeka kwamangqamuzana cell nayo iyasebenza.
- Le ndlela inokubukeza okuningi okuhle okuvela kodokotela nasezigulini esevele zelashwa.
Ithuba lokwelapha isifo sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela ngama-stem cell ukuthi le ndlela ibheka imbangela yalesi sifo.
Uma usikhomba ngokushesha lesi sifo, bonana nodokotela bese uqala ukwelashwa, ungavimbela ukwanda kwezinkinga eziningi.
Ngabe kuhamba kanjani ukwelashwa kweseli?
Ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, ukwethulwa kwamaseli we-stem kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-catheter ngokusebenzisa i-pancreatic artery. Uma isiguli singabekezeleli i-catheterization ngesizathu esithile, amaseli we-stem aphathwa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Esigabeni sokuqala, umendo wethambo uthathwa ethanjeni le-pelvic likashukela esebenzisa inaliti emincane. Isiguli singaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ngalesi sikhathi. Ngokwesilinganiso, le nqubo ithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora. Ngemuva kokwenziwa kocingo, isiguli sivunyelwe ukubuyela ekhaya senze imisebenzi ejwayelekile.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli we-stem akhishwa kumnkantsha othathwe elabhorethri. Izimo zezokwelapha kumele zihambisane nazo zonke izidingo namazinga. Izinga lamaseli akhishwe livivinywa elebhu bese kuthi isibalo sawo sibalwe. Lawa maseli angaguqulwa abe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli futhi ayakwazi ukulungisa amaseli owonakele wezicubu zezitho.
- Amaseli we-stem afakwa ngokusebenzisa i-pancreatic artery esebenzisa i-catheter. Isiguli singaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, i-catheter itholakala emithanjeni yabesifazane futhi, ngokusebenzisa i-X-ray scan, idluliselwa phambili emgodini we-pancreatic artery, lapho kufakwa khona amaseli we-stem. Le nqubo ithatha okungenani imizuzu engama-90.
Ngemuva kokuba amaseli efakiwe, isiguli sibhekwa okungenani amahora amathathu emtholampilo wezokwelapha. Udokotela ubheka ukuthi i-artery yelapha ngokushesha kangakanani ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-catheter.
Iziguli ezingabekezeleli i-catheterization nganoma yisiphi isizathu zisebenzisa enye indlela yokwelashwa.
Amaseli we-stem kuleli cala aphathwa ngokuhlinzwa. Uma isifo sikashukela sinezinkinga zesifo sikashukela se-neuropathy yesifo sikashukela, amangqamuzana esiqu afakwa emgodleni womlenze ngokujova kwe-intramuscular.
Umuntu onesifo sikashukela angawuzwa umphumela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kokwelashwa. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kukhombisa, ngemuva kokwethulwa kwamaseli we-stem esigulini, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kuhamba kancane kancane futhi izinga le-glucose egazini lehle.
Ukuphiliswa kwezilonda ze-trophic kanye nezinkinga zezicubu zezinyawo kuyenzeka futhi, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyathuthuka, okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin kanye nezinga lamaseli abomvu egazi liyakhuphuka.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kube ngempumelelo, ukwelashwa kweseli kuyaphindeka ngemuva kwesikhashana. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sezifundo sincike ekujuleni kobude besikhathi sesifundo sikashukela. Ukuthola imiphumela engcono, kuhlanganiswa inhlanganisela yokwelashwa kwendabuko neendlela zokuphatha amaseli wesitiri.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukulahla imikhuba emibi, ukulandela ukudla okwelaphayo ukwehlisa isisindo ngokweqile, zivocavoca umzimba njalo.
Ngokusekelwe kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, ososayensi nodokotela bakholelwa ukuthi ngokushesha ukwelashwa kwamaseli kungaba yindlela ephambili yokululama kwisifo sikashukela.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi le ndlela yokwelashwa ayidingi ukubhekwa njenge-panacea yalesi sifo.
Ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa okuningi okuhle kodokotela neziguli abathi ama-stem cell aholela ekuphuculeni, abanye abanesifo sikashukela abanamphumela ngemuva kokwelashwa okunjalo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuchwepheshe obunjalo busha futhi abuqondakali kahle. Abaphenyi kusafanele bathole ukuthi yini eholela ekuqaleni inqubo yokwelapha, ukuthi yimaphi ama-stem cell asebenzisa nokuthi ukuguqulwa kwabo kwezinye izinhlobo zamaseli kuncike kuphi.
