I-Hypercholesterolemia, isimo lapho kuphakanyiswa khona i-cholesterol yegazi, kufakwa ohlwini lwezinto ezisengozini kakhulu ezibangela ukwenzeka kwe-myocardial infarction. Isibindi somuntu sikhiqiza i-cholesterol eyanele, ngakho-ke akufanele uyidle ngokudla.
Izinto ezinamafutha zibizwa nge- lipids. I-lipid nayo ibe nezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko - i-cholesterol ne-triglycerides, ezihanjiswa ngegazi. Ukuhambisa i-cholesterol egazini kwaphumelela, kuyabopha kumaphrotheni. I-cholesterol enjalo ibizwa nge- lipoprotein.
AmaLipoproteins aphezulu (HDL noma HDL), aphansi (LDL) futhi aphansi kakhulu (VLDL). Ngamunye wabo ubhekwa ekuhloleni ubungozi bokuthola izifo zohlelo lwethambo nenhliziyo. Iningi le-cholesterol yegazi liqukethe kuma-low density lipoproteins (LDL). Ziletha i-cholesterol kumaseli nezicubu, kufaka phakathi imithambo yegazi kuya enhliziyweni nangaphezulu.
I-cholesterol etholakala ku-LDL (low density lipoproteins) idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwama-plaque (ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezinamafutha) ezindongeni zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi. Futhi, lezi yizimbangela ze-sclerosis zemithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, kanye nengozi yokufakelwa kwe-myocardial kuleli cala.
Yingakho i-cholesterol ye-LDL ibizwa ngokuthi "kubi." Isimo se-LDL ne-VLDL siphakanyisiwe - kulapho izimbangela zezifo zenhliziyo zilele khona.
I-HDL (lip density lipoproteins ephezulu) nayo ithutha i-cholesterol egazini, kepha ngokuba yingxenye ye-HDL, into ayihlanganyeli ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokubhula. Eqinisweni, umsebenzi wamaprotheni akha i-HDL ukukhipha i-cholesterol eyeqile izicubu zomzimba. Yile mfanelo enquma igama lale cholesterol: "enhle."
Uma amazinga we-HDL (ama-high density lipoproteins) egazini lomuntu aphakanyisiwe, ubungozi besifo senhliziyo asibonakali. Ama-Triglycerides elinye igama lamafutha. Amafutha angumthombo obalulekile wamandla futhi lokhu kuyabhekelelwa ku-HDL.
Ngokwengxenye, ama-triglycerides angena emzimbeni ngamafutha kanye nokudla. Uma inani ngokweqile lama-carbohydrate, amafutha notshwala lingena emzimbeni, khona-ke amakhalori, ngokulandelana, aphakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwenani elengeziwe le-triglycerides, okusho ukuthi kuthinta i-HDL.
Ama-Triglycerides athunyelwa kumaseli ngama-lipoprotein afanayo athumela i-cholesterol. Kukhona ukuhlangana ngqo phakathi kwengozi yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo kanye nama-triglycerides aphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma i-HDL ingaphansi kokujwayelekile.
Okufanele ukwenze
- Uma kunokwenzeka, susa ingxenye yokudla okunamafutha ekudleni. Uma ukugcotshwa kwamafutha kumandla okuhlinzekwe ngokudla kwehla kuya ku-30%, futhi ingxenye yamafutha agcweleyo ihlala ingaphansi kuka-7%, ushintsho olunjalo luzoba ngumthelela obalulekile ekufezeni isilinganiselo segazi cholesterol. Akudingekile ukukhipha ngokuphelele amafutha ekudleni.
- Amafutha namafutha agcwele kufanele kufakwe esikhundleni se-polyunsaturated, isibonelo, uwoyela we soya, i-olive, i-safflower, i-sunflower, ummbila. Ukudla ukudla okunothe ngamafutha agcwele kufanele kuncishiswe kube okungenani. Baphakamisa izinga le-LDL ne-VLDL liphakeme kunanoma iyiphi enye into edliwayo. Zonke izilwane, imifino ethize (yesundu neye kakhukhunathi) kanye namafutha anama-hydrogenated angamafutha amaningi kakhulu.
- Ungadli ukudla okuqukethe amafutha we-trans. Bayingxenye ye-hydrogenated futhi ingozi nabo iphakeme ngenhliziyo kunamafutha agcwele inyama. Umenzi ukhombisa lonke ulwazi ngamafutha we-trans kuphakethe lomkhiqizo.
Kubalulekile! Yekani ukudla ukudla okuqukethe i-cholesterol. Ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla kwe-cholesterol "embi" (LDL ne-VLDL) emzimbeni, kwanele ukwenqaba ukudla okunamafutha (ikakhulukazi amafutha aqatha).
Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-LDL izophakama kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
Imikhiqizo lapho i-cholesterol iphakanyisiwe:
- amaqanda
- ubisi lonke;
- ama-crustaceans;
- ama-mollusks;
- izitho zezilwane, ikakhulukazi isibindi.
Ukuhlaziywa kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwehlisa i-cholesterol kunomthelela ekusebenziseni i-fiber.
Imithombo yefreyimu yezitshalo:
- izaqathe;
- ithini lamapheya
- ama-apula
- uphizi
- ubhontshisi owomile;
- ibhali;
- oats.
Kungcono ukuthi ususe amakhilogremu angeziwe emzimbeni uma isisindo siphezulu kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Kuku kubantu abanokukhuluphala lapho i-cholesterol ivame ukuphakanyiswa khona. Uma uzama ukulahlekelwa ngu-5-10 kg, lokhu kuzoba nomthelela obonakalayo kwinkomba ye-cholesterol futhi kusebenze ukwelashwa, njengoba kuboniswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Bheka okuqukethwe kuzosiza ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-cholesterol.
Ukuzivocavoca komzimba nakho kubalulekile. Inendima enkulu ekugcineni umsebenzi omuhle wenhliziyo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaqala ukugijima, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile, ukuthatha okubhaliselwe echibini lokubhukuda. Ngemuva kokuqala kwamakilasi, noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokhombisa ukuthi i-cholesterol ayisaphakanyisiwe.
Ngisho nokukhuphuka izitebhisi okuyisisekelo (okuphezulu okungcono) kanye nokutshala ingadi kuzoba nomphumo omuhle emzimbeni wonke futhi ikakhulukazi ekwehliseni i-cholesterol.
Ukubhema kufanele kushiywe unomphela. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlutha ulimaza inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kuphakamisa namazinga e-cholesterol ngaphezulu kwelejwayelekile. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu, ukuhlaziywa kwamazinga we-cholesterol kumele kuthathwe okungenani kanye eminyakeni emi-5.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlaziya?
Iphrofayili ye-lipoprotein (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaziywa) kuyisilinganiso sokuxineka kwenani eliphelele le-cholesterol, i-HDL (i-lip density lipoproteins ephezulu), i-LDL, i-VLDL ne-triglycerides.
Ukwenza izinkomba ziqonde, ukuhlaziywa kufanele kwenziwe esiswini esingenalutho. Ngobudala, isilinganiso se-cholesterol siyashintsha, isilinganiso sizonyuswa kunoma yikuphi.
Le nqubo ibonakala ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenkambiso eyindlalifa ye-hypercholesterolemia.
Ngakho-ke, akulimalanga ukubuza izihlobo zazo mayelana nezinkomba zazo ze-cholesterol (uma lokho kuhlaziywa kwenziwa), ukuthola ukuthi zonke izinkomba zingaphezulu kwesilinganiso.
Ukwelashwa
Uma izinga le-cholesterol egazini liphakanyisiwe, lokhu kuyinto ethokozisayo yokwenziwa kwezifo zenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufinyelelwe ukwehla kwalesi sikhombisi esigulini futhi unikeze ukwelashwa okuyikho, udokotela kufanele acabangele zonke izizathu, ezibandakanya:
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- ukubhema
- ukuba khona kwezifo zenhliziyo ezihlotsheni eziseduze;
- ubudala besiguli (abesilisa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45, abesifazane emva kweminyaka engama-55);
- I-HDL inciphile (≤ 40).
Ezinye iziguli zizodinga ukwelashwa, okungukuthi, ukuqokwa kwezidakamizwa ezisehlisa i-lipids yegazi. Kepha noma uthatha imishanguzo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokubuka ukudla okufanelekile kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Namuhla, zonke izinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezisiza ukugcina i-lipid metabolism efanele. Ukwelashwa okwanele kuzokhethwa ngudokotela - udokotela wezengqondo.
