Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela uyazi ukuthi ayini ama-insulin, ngoba ukuba khona kwekhithi losizo lokuqala lesiguli kubalulekile. Ama-insulin ama-insulin ahlala elahlwa futhi eyinyumba, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuwasebenzisa. Izinto ezinjalo zenziwa ngepulasitiki ekhethekile, futhi isiphetho sesirinji sinenaliti ezibukhali.
Lapho ukhetha isirinji ye-insulin, umbandela obaluleke ngokulinganayo kuzoba isilinganiso sabo, esibalwa njengentengo. Umqondo obucayi kakhulu esimweni esinjalo isinyathelo sokuhlukaniswa kwaso. Ngaphansi kwesinyathelo (inani) lokuhlukaniswa kufanele kuqondwe umehluko ngobukhulu, ozohambisana namamaki angomakhelwane. Ngamanye amagama, lokhu kuyinto ephansi kakhulu engadonswa kwisirinji ngokunemba okuphelele, no-100% ukushaya.
Isilinganiso samanani namaphutha umthamo
Kukuleso sinyathelo, kubizwa inani lentengo, ukuphothulwa kwesilinganiso se-insulinge kuzoncika ngokuphelele ekhweni lokuphuza ngokunembile i-insulin, ngoba noma iliphi iphutha ekwazisweni kwento kungaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo. Ngomthamo omncane noma owedlulele we-insulin, kufinyeleleka kushukela egazini lesiguli, okuzoholela ezinkingeni zesifo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngokwahlukana ukuthi iphutha elivame kakhulu ukuqaliswa kwenani lentengo yesilinganiso. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuvela ukuthi ngentengo yokuhlukanisa yamayunithi ama-2, iyunithi elilodwa kuphela (i-UNIT) iba yingxenye yalo.
Umuntu onemizimba emincane onenkinga yesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala uyokwehlisa ushukela wegazi lakhe ngo-8.3 mmol / L. Uma sikhuluma ngezingane, ziphendula i-insulin kusuka ezikhathini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-8 kunamandla. Kunoma yikuphi, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo sikashukela emantombazaneni noma emadodeni, ezinganeni, kuzoholela kwisidingo sokufunda umsebenzi ngesirinji se-insulin.
Ngakho-ke, iphutha kumthamo we-0,25 kusuka ku-100 kuzoholela kumehluko umehluko phakathi kwamazinga kashukela ajwayelekile ne-hypoglycemia. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu onenkinga yesifo sikashukela sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ukuze afunde ukujova ngokwanele noma imithamo emincane ye-insulin, eyi-100% evunyelwe udokotela.
Lokhu kungabizwa ngokuthi ngesinye sezimo eziphambili zokugcina umzimba wakho usesimweni esijwayelekile, uma ungabeki ukunamathela okuphoqelekile nokuqikelela ekudleni kwe-carbohydrate.
Ungakufeza kanjani ukwenza kahle?
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufunda ukubala inani le-insulin edingekayo ngomjovo:
- faka ama-syringes ngesinyathelo esincane sesilinganiso, esizokwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukukhipha into ngokunemba kakhulu;
- hlanganisa i-insulin.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu we-insulin akhethekile akunconywa ezinganeni nakulabo abahlushwa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela i-insulin
Kwiziguli eziningi ezinesifo sikashukela, kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuthi isirinji elifanele le-insulin kufanele libe yini kuzo zonke izindlela. Okokuqala, akufanele ibe nomthamo wamayunithi angaphezu kwe-10, futhi esikalini inamamaki abaluleke kakhulu njalo ngama-0.25 PIECES. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele zisetshenziswe ngendlela yokuthi ngaphandle kobunzima obukhethekile kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlukaniswe ngokona umthamo ku-1/8 UNITS yento. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhetha amamodeli amancanyana futhi amade we-insulin.
Kodwa-ke, ukuthola okunjalo kunzima kakhulu, ngoba ngisho nangaphesheya izinketho ezinjalo zesirinji azivamile. Ngakho-ke, abantu abagulayo basebenzelana nesirinji ejwayelekile, intengo yokuhlukanisa ngamayunithi ama-2.
Ama-syringe ngesinyathelo sokuhlukanisa isilinganiselo sawo ku-1 iyunithi yamaketanga ekhemisi kunzima impela futhi kuyinkinga ukuthola. Imayelana neBecton Dickinson Micro-Fine Plus Demi. Inikezela ngesilinganiso esichazwe kahle ngesinyathelo sokuhlukanisa njalo ngama-0.25 PIECES. Amandla edivayisi angama-30 PIECES ekuqoqweni okujwayelekile kwe-insulin U-100.
Yini izinaliti ze-insulin?
Okokuqala udinga ukucacisa ukuthi akuzona zonke izinaliti, ezimelwe kakhulu ekhemisi, zibukhali ngokwanele. Ngaphandle kokuthi abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlaba umxhwele zezinaliti zama-insulin, zingahluka ngokwezinga lekhwalithi, futhi zinamanani ahlukile.
Uma sikhuluma ngezinaliti ezifanele ukuze kufakwe i-insulin ekhaya, khona-ke kufanele kube yilezo ezivumela leyo nto ukuthi ifakwe emafutheni angaphansi kwe-subcutaneous. Le ndlela yenza sikwazi ukwenza umjovo ofanele.
Umjovo ojulile ngokweqile akufanele uvunyelwe, ngoba kulokhu kuzotholakala umjovo we-intramuscular, ongu-100% nawo ozobangela izinhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba yiphutha ukwenza ukubhoboza nge-engile engakwesokudla impela, okuzovumela i-insulin ukuthi ingene ngqo emthanjeni. Lokhu kuzodala ukuguquguquka okungalindeleki ezingeni likashukela wegazi lomuntu ogulayo futhi kuzokhulisa lesi sifo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuhle kwento, abakhiqizi bahlakulele izinaliti ezikhethekile ezinobude obuthile nobukhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kungabandakanywa okokufaka okungalungile kwe-intramuscular ezimweni eziningi, futhi intengo ishibhile.
Izinyathelo ezinjalo zidingeka kakhulu, ngoba abantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela futhi abanawo amakhilogremu angeziwe, banezicubu ezincanyana ezingaphansi kobude binaliti le-insulin elivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inaliti engu-12-13 mm ayilungele ngokuphelele izingane.
Izinaliti ezisezingeni eliphakeme zanamuhla zesirinji ye-insulin zibonisa ubude obungu-4 kuya ku-8 mm. Inzuzo yabo eyinhloko ngaphezu kwezinaliti ezijwayelekile ukuthi baphinde baba mncane ngobukhulu futhi ngakho-ke bakhululekile, futhi intengo yanele.
Uma sikhuluma ngamanani, khona-ke ngenaliti ye-insulin yakudala, ubude obungu-0.4, 0,36, futhi futhi no-0,3 mm buvele kahle, khona-ke okufushane sekuvele kumamilimitha angama-0.3, 0.25 noma u-0.23. Inalithi enjalo ayikwazi ukuletha imizwa ebuhlungu, ngoba yenza ukubhoboza cishe kungabonakali.
Ungayikhetha kanjani inaliti enhle?
Amathiphu anamuhla ekukhetheni ubude besaliti abonisa ukuthi awudluli ngaphezu kuka-6 mm. 4, 5 noma 6 mm izinaliti zingalungele cishe zonke izigaba zeziguli, ngisho nalezo ezikhuluphele.
Lapho usebenzisa izinaliti ezinjalo, asikho isidingo sokwakha isibaya sesikhumba. Uma sikhuluma ngabantu abadala abanesifo sikashukela, khona-ke izinaliti zalobu bude zinikezela ngokuphathwa komuthi lowo nge-engeli engaba ngama-90 degrees ukusuka kwezihlobo eziyi-100 ebusweni besikhumba. Kunemithetho eminingana:
- Labo abaphoqelelwa ukuthi bazikhinze emlenzeni, esiswini noma entanjeni efanelekile kufanele bakha isibaya sesikhumba, futhi kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi wenze ukubhoboza nge-angle engu-45 degrees. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kulezi zingxenye zomzimba lapho izicubu ezingaphansi komhlaba zincane kakhulu futhi zizacile.
- Isifo sikashukela esikhulile asidingi ukuthenga amasirinji ngezinaliti ezingaphezu kuka-8 mm, ikakhulu uma kuziwa ekuqaleni kwenkambo yokwelashwa.
- Ezinganeni nasebasha, kungcono ukhethe inalithi engu-4 noma 5 mm. Ukuvimbela i-insulin ukuthi ingangeni emsipheni, lesi sigaba seziguli kudingeka sakha isibaya sesikhumba ngaphambi kokujova, ikakhulukazi lapho sisebenzisa inalithi engaphezu kuka-5 mm. Uma kungu-6 mm, khona-ke ezimweni ezinjalo, umjovo kufanele wenziwe nge-engela yama-degree angama-45, ngaphandle kokudala i-crease.
- Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi ukuqina kwemizwa ngesikhathi sokukhwabanisa kuzoncika kububanzi nobukhulu bokubotshwa kwenaliti. Kodwa-ke, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi inaliti ebunjiwe ayinakukhiqizwa i-priori, ngoba inalithi enjalo izophuka ngesikhathi somjovo.
Ukwenza umjovo ngaphandle kobuhlungu kungenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhetha izinaliti ezizacile nezisezingeni eliphakeme kuphela futhi usebenzise inqubo ekhethekile yokuphathwa kwe-insulin ngokushesha, njengasesithombeni.
Ngabe inaliti yokulawulwa kwe-insulin ingahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Umenzi ngamunye wesirinji nezinaliti zabanesifo sikashukela uzama kakhulu ukunciphisa inqubo yokujova ngokwayo. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, izeluleko zezinaliti zilolwa ngendlela ekhethekile ngosizo lobuchwepheshe besimanje futhi obuthuthukayo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho basebenzisa i-lubricant ekhethekile.
Naphezu kwendlela ebucayi enjalo yebhizinisi, ukusetshenziswa kwenaliti okuphindaphindiwe noma okuphindaphindiwe kuholela ekuxubeni kwayo nasekucimeni umala wokuthambisa, ngeke kusebenze izikhathi eziyi-100. Ngenxa yalokhu, umjovo ngamunye olandelayo womuthi ngaphansi kwesikhumba uya ngokuya uba buhlungu futhi ube yinkinga. Njalo lapho umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele akhuphule amandla enaliti ukungena ngaphansi kwesikhumba, okungakhulisa amathuba okuwohloka kwenaliti nokuqhekeka kwalo.
Akunakuba yimbi kangako kungaba ukulimala kwesikhumba okuncane uma usebenzisa izinalithi ezimfushane. Izilonda ezinje azikwazi ukubonwa ngaphandle kokukhulisa ngokugqamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokusebenzisa inaliti elandelayo, ichopho layo ligobeka ngokwengeziwe futhi likhuthele bese lithatha uhlobo lwengwegwe, oludabula izicubu futhi luzilimaze. Lokhu kuphoqa isikhathi ngasinye ngemuva komjovo ukuletha inaliti esimweni sayo sokuqala.
Njengomphumela wokusetshenziswa okungapheli kwenalithi eyodwa yokujova i-insulin, izinkinga ngesikhumba nezicubu ezihamba ngaphansi komhlaba ziyabonakala, ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kungaba ukwakheka kwezimpawu, ukuthi yiziphi izingqinamba ezibangela ukuthi zaziwe kunoma ngubani onesifo sikashukela.
Ukuyikhomba, sekwanele ukuphenya ngokucophelela futhi uhlole isikhumba, hlola nesithombe. Kwezinye izimo, ukulimaza okubonakalayo akubonakali, futhi ukutholwa kwabo kungenzeka kuphela ngokuzwa, ngenkathi kungekho siqinisekiso se-100%.
Izimpawu ngaphansi kwesikhumba zibizwa nge- lipodystrophic. Aba yinkinga yezimonyo kuphela, kepha futhi yinkinga yezokwelapha engathi sína. Kunzima ukujova i-insulin ezindaweni ezinjalo, okuholela ekumungeni okunganele nokungalingani kokuthile, kanye nokugxuma nokushintshashintsha kwezinga likashukela wegazi lesiguli.
Kunoma imuphi umyalo nasesithombeni kuya emapeni wesirinji kwabanesifo sikashukela kukhonjiswa ukuthi inaliti kumele isuswe isikhathi ngasinye ngemuva kokusebenzisa ucingo, nokho, iningi leziguli limane lingawunaki lo mthetho. Kulokhu, isiteshi esiphakathi kwe-cartridge uqobo kanye nesikhala siyavuleka, okuholela ekungeneni komoya kanye nokulahleka kwe-insulin ngenxa yokuvuza kwayo okusheshayo cishe nge-100%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo iholela ekunciphiseni ukunemba kwe-insulin dosing kanye nokwanda kwesifo. Uma kunomoya omningi ebhokisini, khona-ke kwezinye izimo umuntu onesifo sikashukela akatholakali amaphesenti angaphezu kwangama-70 omthamo odingekayo we-100 womuthi. Ukuvimbela izimo ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukususa inalithi imizuzwana eyi-10 ngemuva kokujova i-insulin, njengasesithombeni.
Ukuvimbela izinkinga zempilo kanye nokugxumagxila kashukela egazini abanesifo sikashukela, kungcono ukungabhekabuki futhi usebenzise inalithi entsha kuphela. Lokhu kuzovikela ukuvalwa kwesiteshi ngamakristalu e-insulin, okungeke kuvume ukudala ezinye izithiyo ekungeneni kwekhambi.
Kunconywa ukuthi abasebenzi bezokwelapha bahlole ngezikhathi ezithile kwisiguli ngasinye indlela yokwazisa nge-insulin ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kanye nesimo sezindawo lapho kwenziwa imijovo khona. Lokhu kuzoba ukuvimbela okwengeziwe kokwandisa izimpawu zesifo sikashukela nokulimala esikhunjeni sesiguli.
