Amatafula anamazinga we-insulin egazini (ngeminyaka)

Emini, ukugcwala kwe-insulin emikhunjini yethu kuguquka kaninginingi. Ama-pancreas aguqula ubukhulu bokukhishwa kwaleli hormone ngemuva kokudla, ukuzivocavoca nokucindezela. Izinga le-insulin egazini linqunywa iminyaka yobudala, isisindo, isimo se-hormonal yomuntu, Ngakho-ke, amanani aso ajwayelekile atholakala ebangeni elibanzi kakhulu. Ukuphambuka kokuqukethwe kwe-insulin kokujwayelekile akusona isifo. Lesi nje siyinkomba yelabhoratri, engakhombisa noma yikuphi ukwephulwa emzimbeni. Ukuthola nokulungisa izimbangela zokuphambuka, kuyadingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe, ukubonisana nodokotela ohlinzeka ngemithi noma i-endocrinologist.

Isifo Sikashukela Sikashukela

I-insulin ithinta zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic, kepha umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko wukulawulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, ukugcinwa kwe-glucose emithanjeni yegazi. Ngenxa ye-insulin, ushukela osuka egazini uqondiswa kabusha emisipha nakwezinye izicubu, lapho usetshenziswa khona, unikeza amandla omzimba, noma ugcinwe ngendlela ye-glycogen.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga e-insulin kubantu abadala kuyinkomba yokuphazamiseka okungamahlalakhona emzimbeni we-carbohydrate metabolism. Lokhu kungaba ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 noma isisulu salokho. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukudla okune-carb ephezulu, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye ne-fiber, kanye nesisindo ngokweqile, ukumelana ne-insulin kuqala ukuthuthuka - ukuncipha kokuzwela kwamaseli omzimba ukuya ku-insulin. Imisipha yethu ayidingi amandla amaningi njengoba ithola, futhi ushukela uqala ukunqwabelana emikhunjini. Uma unciphisa ukudonsa kwe-carbohydrate futhi ukhulisa umsebenzi ngalesi sigaba, isifo sikashukela singagwenywa.

Isifo sikashukela nokucindezela kuzoba yinto yesikhathi esedlule

• Ukwehlela ushukela -95%
• Ukuqedwa kwe-vein thrombosis - 70%
• Ukuqedwa kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuqinile -90%
• Ukuqeda umfutho wegazi ophakeme - 92%
• Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sosuku, ngcono ukulala ebusuku -97%

Ukwanda kwamazinga we-insulin ngumzamo womzimba wokunqoba ukumelana ne-insulin. Kubonwa esigabeni se-prediabetes nakwiminyaka yokuqala yesifo sikashukela. Njengomthetho, kulesi sigaba i-glucose noma ihlala ivamile noma idlula kancane. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, amanyikwe ayakhathala esebenza ngemodi ephuthumayo, i-insulin iyancipha, bese iwela ngaphansi kokujwayelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli sesivele sinoshukela omningi impela, ukubuyisela esimweni esejwayelekile, izindlela zokwelapha noma ukudla okuqinile okudingekayo.

Ukwehla kwamazinga e-insulin ezinganeni nakubantu abasha kuvame ukuba uphawu lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1. Kubangelwa ukubhujiswa kwamaseli e-pancreatic akhiqiza le hormone. Lokhu kwephulwa akuhlobene nendlela yokuphila, imbangela yokuntuleka kwe-insulin kulolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela izinqubo ze-autoimmune. Lapho nje i-insulin iwela ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, isiguli sidinga ukwelashwa okufakwa esikhundleni - umjovo we-insulin.

Amanani we-insulin

Ema-laboraties, amanani e-insulin ahlukile kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzimisela kwayo, kusetshenziswa ama-reagents abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Kumalabhoratri asebenzisa indlela ye-immunochemical, kubantu abadala, i-2.7-10.4 μU / ml imvamisa kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Izimfuneko: ukuhlaziya okwenziwe esiswini esingenalutho; isisindo sesiguli sinokujwayelekile noma sikweqisa (kuya ku-BMI 30).

Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlaziywa, amanani ajwayelekile elabhorethri ethile anikezwa kukholamu yetafula "Amanani wokubonisa". Ukuhlaziya okuphindwayo kwenziwa kangcono endaweni efanayo noma okungenani ngendlela efanayo.

Imikhuba yabesilisa

Kwabesilisa, izinga le-insulin liqine kakhulu kunabesifazane. Izinkomba zincike kuphela kwesisindo nobudala:

1. Lapho ukhuphuka isisindo, kulapho umzimba udinga kakhulu i-insulin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicubu ze-adipose ngokweqile ziholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sama-insulin receptors, yingakho ukuzwela kwe-hormone kuncipha.
2. Ukuphikiswa kwe-insulin ngokomzimba kukhula ngeminyaka. Ukusebenzela i-carbohydrate metabolism kudinga i-insulin ethe xaxa, ushukela wegazi uphakeme kancane kunasebusheni.

Imikhawulo esetshenziswa njalo yabesilisa inikezwa etafuleni:

Imigomo yowesifazane

Kwabesifazane, ukuthembela kwamazinga e-insulin ebangeni lobudala kanye nesisindo nakho kuyalandelwa. Izici ezengeziwe zokwengeza i-insulin ukugxuma kwe-hormonal ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo.

Emavikini okuqala okukhulelwa, isidingo se-insulin sincishisiwe kancane, ngakho-ke ukuphuma kwawo egazini kungancipha. Ukusuka ku-2nd trimester, ngasikhathi sinye nokukhula kwamanye ama-hormone, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin kufanele futhi kwandise. Uma ama-pancreas ebhekana nalo msebenzi, ushukela uhlala uvamile. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngamanani amakhulu kungenzeki, owesifazane uba nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Kwi-trimester yesi-3, ukumelana ne-insulin kukhula ngo-50%, ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin - cishe izikhathi ezi-3. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, isidingo se-insulin sehla kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwaso kuyancipha, isifo sikashukela sokuthambisa siyanyamalala.

Imikhuba yezingane

Umsebenzi ezinganeni uvame ukuphakama kunakwabadala. Naphezu kwesisindo sabo esiphansi, badinga amandla amaningi. Abafundi abancane badinga ukufika kuma-2600 kcal ngosuku, okufana kakhulu nesidingo sabadala. Ngakho-ke, indlela ejwayelekile ye-insulin ebuntwaneni isikhulile: 2.7-10.4. Ezithombini zentsha, ukumelana ne-insulin kuphezulu ngenxa yokushiswa kwamahomoni, kukhiqizwa i-insulin engaphezulu. Imikhuba ye-insulini esegazini kwabasebasha ifihla uhla lwe-2.7-25 mcU / ml.

Uma ingane inesisindo esijwayelekile futhi ingazitholi izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, ukwanda okuncane kwe-insulin ngaphezulu kwezinkomba zesethenjwa akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka. Ngokunokwenzeka, kubangelwa izinqubo zokukhula nokuvuthwa.

Izinhlobo zokuhlaziya

Ukubona okuqukethwe kwe-insulin emikhunjini, kufanele udlule ekuhlaziyweni kwe- "Insunoreactive insulin." Izinkomba zenhloso yokuhlaziya yilezi:

1. Ukusolwa kwesimila esine-pancreatic beta cell. Kulokhu, i-insulin ingaphakama kayishumi kunokujwayelekile.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokulashwa kokuhlinzwa kwama-tumors anjalo.
3. Ukukhonjwa kwezimbangela ze-hypoglycemia.
4. Ukuhlola umsebenzi we-pancreatic ngohlobo 2 sikashukela. Ezimweni ezingabazekayo, ukuhlaziya kuxazulula inkinga yokuthola imijovo ye-insulin noma izidakamizwa ezithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-hormone yomuntu uqobo.
5. Kwi-mellitus ne-prediabetes emnene yesifo sikashukela, isifundo singabekwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukumelana ne-insulin. Kulokhu, inikezwa kanyekanye nge-glucose yegazi (ukuhlolwa kwe-HOMA-IR).

Uma kwenzeka kunesifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, ukuhlolwa kwe-insulin kwegazi akusetshenziswanga, ngoba i-insulin yendabuko ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa izindlela ezisetshenziselwa welabhoratri ezingaphandle. Ukuhlola imisebenzi yamanyikwe, kusetshenziswa isifundo "C-peptide egazini".

Ukuzila insulin

Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-insulin anqunywa esiswini esingenalutho. Imithetho yokulungiselela ukuhlaziya:

1. 8-16 ihora okushesha ngaphambi komnikelo wegazi. Isimo se-insulin ngemuva kokudla siphakeme kakhulu (kufinyelela ku-173), ngakho-ke, ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalesi simo kungaholela ekuwonakalisweni okungathí sina komphumela, futhi ngenxa yalokho ekuxilongeni okungalungile.
2. Uma kungenzeka, ukukhanselwa kwezidakamizwa nezithako zokudla amahora angama-24.
3. Ukukhishwa kokudla okunamafutha ngokweqile kanye notshwala obungemuva kokubhema ihora ngaphambi kokuqoqwa kwegazi.
4. Khansela ukuqeqeshwa kanye neminye imisebenzi eyenziwe ngosuku olwandulela lolu hlaziyo.
5. Ukugwema ukucindezelwa kwengqondo ngokwengqondo kusihlwa nasekuseni ngaphambi kwesifundo.

Ukucindezela insulin

Lokhu kuhlaziya kusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kudingekile ukulandelela impendulo yama-pancreas ekushintsheni kashukela wegazi. Imvamisa Kwentiwa ngasikhathi sinye novivinyo lokubekezelela ushukela. Esigabeni 1, ushukela kanye ne-insulin kuyakalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-pancreas "alayishwa" nge-glucose (imvamisa isixazululo sawo siphuzwa). Ukusabela okujwayelekile komthwalo onjalo ukukhuphuka kweglucose yegazi futhi, ngokubambezeleka okuncane, ukwanda kwe-insulin, bese kuncipha kancane kuzo zombili izinkomba. Ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, ushukela kufanele abe ku-11.1, insulin - aze afike ku-79. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola amanani wesethenjwa se-insulin ekushicilelweni kwemiphumela yakho, angahluka.

Imiphumela emibi yokwanda kwe-insulin

Uma i-insulin iphakeme, ukuphazamiseka kumboza zonke izinhlelo zomzimba:

1. Ukulawulwa kwe-glucose kuba yi-spasmodic: ekuqaleni izinga layo liphezulu kakhulu, kepha ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-insulin kuncishiswa ngokweqile. Umuntu uzizwa eyi-hypoglycemia emnene: ukwesaba, ukulamba, ukufisa amaswidi. Ukudla ama-carbohydrate kwanda ngokuzenzekelayo, isiguli isinyathelo esisodwa esiseduze nesifo sikashukela.
2. I-insulin ephezulu ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha, ivimbele ukuwohloka kwabo. Umuntu uthola isisindo ngokwengeziwe.
3. Kanye nokukhula kwezicubu ezinamafutha, ama-lipids egazi nawo ayakhula. Izicubu ze-adipose ezitholakala esiswini sesisu ziyingozi kakhulu: ama-triglycerides avela kuwo angena egazini ngokusebenza ngokwengeziwe.
4. Esibindi, i-cholesterol synthesis iyanda, ubungozi be-atherosulinosis buyanda.
5. I-insulin engaphezulu ithinta izinto zokugobhoza kwegazi, ezihambisana ne-atherosulinosis enyusa i-thrombosis.
6. I-insulin ende ekhuphuka isikhathi eside inyusa ithoni yesistimu yezinzwa, yakha imithambo yegazi, ebangela ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi.

Ungayilungisa kanjani i-insulin ngokwejwayelekile

Ukukhula kwe-insulin kumane nje kuyingxenye yemishini eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Izinguquko ekuqongeleleni kwe-metabolism, umuntu usembuthanweni onobunzima: isisindo - ukukhula kwe-insulin - isifiso sokudla ngokweqile - ukwakheka kwamafutha amasha. Ungaqhekeka kuphela ngokushintsha okukhulu kwendlela yokuphila.

Okokuqala, kunqunyelwe ukudla okuvinjelwe i-carbohydrate. Onke ushukela osheshayo uwa ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa okuqinile, ngoba yiwo abangela ukwanda okukhulu kakhulu kwe-insulin. Umthamo wama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi kumenyu akhawulelwe ku-20-40% wenani lezakhi zomzimba. Ukuvikela i-atherossteosis, amafutha wezilwane asuswa ekudleni.

Ukubuyisela ukuthathwa koshukela emisipha, udinga ukwandisa umthwalo kubo. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi luyasebenza. Ama-Cardio ukusebenzisa ayasebenza okwesikhathi esilinganiselwe: ukumuncwa koshukela kukhuphuka ngezinsuku ezi-2, ngakho-ke kusethwa izikhathi ezi-3 ngesonto esimisweni sekilasi. Ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla kukhuthaza ukukhula kwemisipha - umthengi oyinhloko we-glucose. Inketho ekahle yokuthambekela kwesifo sikashukela ukushintshana kwazo zombili izinhlobo zemithwalo.