Ngokwezibalo, wonke umuntu wesithathu emhlabeni unesifo sikashukela. Ukuthandwa okunjalo kubeka lesi sifo ekulweni nengculazi, isifo sofuba kanye ne-oncology.
Isifo sikashukela senzeka lapho umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism uphazamiseka. Konke lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwamanyikwe, kukhiqiza i-insulin - i-hormone ebandakanyeka ekucutshungweni kwe-glucose emzimbeni.
Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kule ndlela, khona-ke kuzoba nokuqongelela okwengeziwe koshukela egazini. Kulesi simo, izicubu zomzimba azikwazi ukugcina amanzi eziseleni zazo, futhi ziqala ukukhishwa emzimbeni.
Ukuqonda ukuthi ungasusa kanjani isifo sikashukela, udinga ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngalesi sifo. Kuze kube manje, kufanele uqonde izimbangela, izimpawu, amafomu kanye nezigaba zesifo.
Izici zomsebenzi kanye nezimpawu eziphambili
Isifo sikashukela sivela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungaba yisiphetho sendlalifa, izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukucindezelwa kanye nokulimala ngokomzimba.
Futhi, ukubukeka kwalesi sifo kunomthelela ekuziphatheni okungafanele, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kabi kokudla okune-carbohydrate okusheshayo kanye nokuntuleka komzimba. Futhi uma konke lokhu kuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kotshwala nokubhema, khona-ke kunamathuba aphezulu okuthi uma eneminyaka engama-40 umuntu ezohlala enamazinga kashukela egazi amaningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-atherosulinosis kungadala ukungasebenzi kahle emzimbeni we-carbohydrate metabolism, lapho kufakwa khona i-cholesterol ezindongeni ze-vascular. Ngenxa yalokhu, imisebe ye-vasel lumen narrows nokuhamba kwegazi lazo zonke izicubu nezitho zomzimba kuyaphazamiseka.
Ngokuphathelene nesithombe somtholampilo sesifo sikashukela, uphawu lwaso sokuqala ukoma nokuchama kaningi. Lesi sifo sihambisana nezinye izimpawu:
- ukujuluka ngokweqile;
- ulwelwesi lwe-mucous olomile nesikhumba;
- ushintsho kwesisindo (ukuncipha kwesisindo noma ukukhuluphala kwesisindo);
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- ukukhathala
- ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba isikhathi eside;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ze-purulent.
Izinhlobo nobukhulu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela - ezincikene ne-insulin. Uhlobo lokugcina lutholakala emaphesheni angama-90%, kuthi olokuqala kutholakale kuphela ezigulini eziyi-10.
Uhlobo 1 sikashukela luthembele kwe-insulin. Imvamisa lesi sifo senzeka esemncane (kuze kube iminyaka engama-30). Imbangela enkulu ye-pathology ukwehla noma ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngama-pancreas.
Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luvela ngokunqwabelana kofuzo nangokumelana nezifo zamagciwane. Isifo esinjalo siyingozi ngoba singakhula isikhathi eside (izinyanga ezingama-2-3 noma iminyaka embalwa), ngenxa yalokho ifomu elinzima lesifo sikashukela lakha lapho isiguli sincike ngokuphelele ku-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (esingethembekile kwe-insulin) sivame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40. Isici esiholela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo ukuntuleka kwe-insulin. Le nto yenzeka iphikisana nesizinda se-pathology of insulin receptors, ngenxa yokuthi izicubu zilahlekelwa umuzwa wazo we-insulin.
Imvamisa, lesi sifo senzeka kubantu abanokukhuluphala, ngoba ukudla ngokweqile kunomthelela wokwanda koshukela wegazi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ushukela awukwazi ukungena kumaseli, ngoba awamelana ne-insulin. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-pancreas ikhiqiza inani elikhulu le-hormone, yingakho amaseli we-beta ephelelwa yisifo bese kuvela isifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziphambili, ezinye izindlela zesifo ziyenzeka. Isibonelo, isifo singenzeka ngokungondleki.
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubizwa ngokuthi olushisayo, njengoba luvame kakhulu e-Indonesia naseNdiya. Imbangela yazo enkulu ukuntuleka kokudla kwamaprotheni ebuntwaneni.
Ezinye izindlela zalesi sifo ziyisifo sikashukela esibonakalayo kanye nokwehla kwezimpawu zomzimba. Uhlobo lokuqala luphawu lwesinye isifo. Kwenzeka nge-pathologies ye-adrenal gland, yegilo kanye ne-pancreas.
Isifo sikashukela se-Gestational sitholakala kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngokumelene nesizinda samazinga aphezulu ama-hormone. Lokhu kwehlisa ukuzwela kwama-receptors ku-insulin, okunomthelela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela. Kodwa kaningi ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, izimpawu ezinjalo zinyamalala zodwa.
Kunamazinga ahlukahlukene obunzima balesi sifo:
- ukukhanya
- isilinganiso;
- esindayo.
Nge degree ephansi, ukugcwala koshukela egazini kukhuphukela kuma-10 mmol / L kuphela. Akukho glucose okutholakala umchamo, futhi azikho izimpawu ezinzima.
I-average degree ibonakala nge-hyperglycemia, lapho izinkomba zidlula u-10 mmol / L. Kulokhu, ushukela uyatholakala kumchamo. Lesi sigaba sinezimpawu ezinjengomlomo owomile, i-malaise, ukoma, ukuchama okuvamisile nokuthambekela kokwenza ukwakheka kwesihlakala esikhunjeni, njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni.
Uhlobo olunzima lwesifo sikashukela luba lapho zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic ziphazamiseka, lapho ukuhlangana ushukela egazini nomchamo sekuphakeme kakhulu.
Kulesi sigaba, isithombe somtholampilo walesi sifo siyabhengezwa, kunezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuqina kwemithambo, futhi amathuba okuba nesifo sikashukela sikhuphuke.
Izigaba sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sivela lapho kunokungasebenzi kahle ekwenziweni kwe-insulin, okubandakanyeka ku-oxidation weglucose. Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone kwenzeka kancane kancane, ngakho-ke, izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela zihlukaniswa.
Isigaba ngasinye sinezimpawu ezithile nezimpawu zaselebhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesigaba ngasinye, lokhu kuboniswa kuyandiswa.
Ngakho-ke, isigaba 1 sikashukela i-mellitus kwesinye isikhathi senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sesifiso sofuzo. Izimpawu bezingakabonakali okwamanje, kepha ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri kukhombisa ubukhona bezakhi zofuzo ezinephutha.
Lesi sigaba siyinkomba yokuqala yesifo sikashukela, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kungamiswa noma kwehliswe ijubane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubheka njalo izinga le-glycemia futhi uqaphe impilo yakho ngokucophelela.
Esigabeni sesibili sesifo sikashukela, kuvela izinto okuthiwa ziyabopha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukuthi ifa eliyindlalifa akusona isiqinisekiso esinembile sokuthi isiguli sizosikhulisa isifo sikashukela. Ngempela, namuhla izimbangela zesifo aziqondakali ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma igciwane nakho kungaba umfutho ekwandeni kwalesi sifo.
Isigaba sesithathu sikhanya kakhulu ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela esingaqondakali. Uhlobo olungamahlalakhona lwe-insulin yokuzivikela luba khona eminyakeni engaba ngu-2-3 futhi kuphela ngemuva kwalapho lesi sifo sitholwa ekuhlolweni komtholampilo okubonisa ukwehla kokuxineka kwama-b-cell.
Isigaba sesine sentuthuko ibizwa ngokuthi isifo sikashukela esibekezelayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ayikho i-Symbomatology ehlelekile, kepha isiguli singabhekana nobuthakathaka futhi sivame ukuba ne-furunculosis kanye ne-conjunctivitis.
Esigabeni sesi-5 sohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, isithombe somtholampilo salesi sifo siyabhengezwa. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okwanele, lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha nangemva kwamaviki angama-2-4 isiguli sihlakulela izimpawu ezisongela impilo, kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela sikashukela. Ukuze unciphise ukukhula kwesifo, kudingeka ukwelashwa kwe-insulin.
Esigabeni sokugcina sokwanda kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, izivivinyo zaselebhu zibonisa ukuthi ama-pancreas ngokuphelele ayeka ukukhiqiza i-insulin.
Futhi zingaki izigaba zokukhula uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 2 ezinazo? Kunezigaba ezintathu zokudlondlobala kwefomu elizimele lesifo:
- inxephezelo (iguqukele emuva);
- okuncishisiwe
- isikhathi sesinxephezelo, esibonakala ngoshintsho olungenakuguqulwa.
Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela, udinga ukudla okulungile. Ngale njongo, kuyadingeka ukukhipha ekudleni okusheshayo kokudla nokudla okuyi-junk futhi ukucebise ngemikhiqizo yemvelo (imifino, imikhiqizo yobisi, izithelo, inyama enamafutha amancane nenhlanzi, i-legumes).
Kufanele futhi udlale imidlalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma usebenzisa imizuzu engama-30 kuphela yesikhathi nsuku zonke ekusebenzeni komzimba, ungasebenza izinqubo ze-metabolic, ugcobe umzimba nge-oxygen futhi uthuthukise isimo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Noma unesifiso sokuthola isifo sikashukela, udinga ukuqeda imikhuba emibi, enjengotshwala nokusebenzisa kabi ugwayi.
Kepha kufanele wenzeni kulabo asebetholwe yilesi sifo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi basuswe ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela? Okuningi kuya ngohlobo kanye nesigaba sokukhula kwalesi sifo. Isibonelo, uma ngabe lolu uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, olusesigabeni sokuqala sokukhula, lesi sifo singabuyiselwa emuva ngezindlela ezifanayo nezokuvimbela kwaso.
I-mellitus yesifo sikashukela enganciki i-insulin iphathwa kanjena:
- ifomu elithambile - ukuthuthukiswa kungatholakala ngokudla kokudla futhi uthathe ama-hypoglycemic agents;
- i-degree ephakathi nendawo - ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke kwamaphilisi ama-2-3 wezidakamizwa aqeda i-glycemia;
- ngokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus ezinzima, ngaphezu kwalezi zinyathelo ezingenhla, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuyadingeka.
Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zesifo sikashukela - zangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela, ezilandelanayo nezisindayo. Zonke zidinga ukwelashwa okuphoqelekile, ngoba uma kungenjalo inkambo yesifo ingaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga eziyingozi, njenge-hypoglycemic coma, neuropathy, isifo sikashukela nephropathy, i-retinopathy nokunye. Ukuze uvikele ukuqhubeka kwemiphumela enjalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole umzimba okungenani kanye ngonyaka futhi uthathe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasengozini.
Amafomu, izigaba, kanye nobunzima besifo sikashukela kuxoxwa ngazo kule vidiyo kulesi sihloko.
