I-DIABETES MELLITUS: I-PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY YE-PANCREATIC IN DIABETESICS

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Isifo sikashukela, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isifo esibi, sinomphumela obonakalayo emzimbeni womuntu.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, akugcinwa nje kuphela ushintsho lwamahomoni, kepha futhi nezinqubo ze-pathological ezithinta izitho ezahlukahlukene zangaphakathi kanye namaqembu wezitho zomzimba.

Ekutadisheni izici zomzimba womzimba weziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, isigaba somuthi esibizwa ngokuthi yi-pathological anatomy sisebenza. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pathanatomy ehambisana noshukela?

I-Pathological anatomy: yini?

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi somuntu, kanye nezici zesakhiwo nokukhula kwezitho zakhe kufundwa yi-morphology yomuntu.

Izinguquko ezingelona uphawu lomuntu ophilile ovela ngenxa yokwanda kwesifo ziindaba zokucwaningwa kwe-anatomy ye-pathological.

Izici zomthelela we-pathology ethile kumuntu yidatha ebaluleke kakhulu esiza ukuthuthukisa kanye nokwenza inqubo efanele yokwelashwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo imiphumela yalesi sifo ukuze uqonde izimbangela zalokhu noma ukugula.

Ukunemba kokuhlinzekwa kokunakekelwa okubonakalayo, okuthi kwezinye izimo kuseyindlela kuphela yokusindisa impilo yesiguli, futhi kuncike kakhulu olwazini olutholwayo ngokusebenzisa i-pathology. Ngakho-ke, i-autopsy nokuhlolwa kwemizimba, kanye nokutadisha okuphelele kwezinto zokuhlinza kungenye yezindlela eziphambili zokwakha umuthi.

I-Pathology yindlela ebalulekile yokuqeqesha abasebenzi abasha bezokwelapha.

I-Panatomy yesifo sikashukela mellitus: isici esivamile

I-anatomy yeziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ifundwa yisigatshana somuthi esibizwa nge-endocrine system pathology.

Izinguquko kumanyikwe ziyimbangela futhi ngasikhathi sinye uphawu lwesifo, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izikhathi, alunakulandelwa.

Isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu sesifo sikashukela ubukhona bokufakwa kweglucis izicubu, ikakhulukazi epithelium yezinshubu zezinso. Le miphumela yokukhuphuka kwamazinga kashukela ibonwa ngokuphelele indlela enhle kakhulu. Isibonakaliso sesibili esibonisa isithombe sesifo sikashukela yi-vascular angiopathy.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba nesici esingesihle kakhulu sokulimala kwe-macro-cancer okubangela isifo senhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo, kepha nge-microangiopathy, lapho izinqubo zokuwohloka kwenzeka kuma-capillaries. Kulokhu, ukuvela kwezifo ezinjenge-neuropathy, ukulimala kwama-capillaries wezinso nemikhumbi ye-ocular retina.

Ukwephulwa okubonakalayo kwe-morphology kukhombisa inkambo yesifo eqhubeka isikhathi eside.

Ngokukhula isikhathi eside nokuqina kwesifo sikashukela, kutholakala ukwephulwa kwe-morphology yezitho zangaphakathi, ikakhulukazi amanyikwe. Ukushintshwa kwesimo se-dystrophic noma i-atrophic kungabonakala nakwezinye izindlala nasezitho zomzimba, kufaka phakathi lezo ezihlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi sihlukaniswa ngamafomu ama-4 ahlukene, kuya ngomsuka walesi sifo.

Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela:

uhlobo lokuqala;
uhlobo lwesibili;
ukuthinta;
i-latent.

Sizohlaziya izici zezindlela ngazinye zalesi sifo ze-endocrine. Uhlobo lokuqala lubonakala ngokubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwamaseli akhethekile we-gland akwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwale hormone ebalulekile kuyeka ngokuphelele, futhi umuntu akanawo amandla okuhambisa ushukela ngqo kumaseli womzimba. Uhlobo lwesibili lubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kokungazweli kwe-insulin esigulini.

Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwegazi legazi elijwayelekile noma elikhulayo laleli-hormone - elenziwa ngamanyikwe noma ngisho livela ngaphandle ngemijovo. Lokhu kudalwa kwe-insulin receptors kuvame ukuvela ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhuluphala.

Indlela yokuthinta yaziwa ngokuthi "ushukela okhulelwe." Kubonakaliswa ukwephulwa kokubekezelela i-glucose okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye ne-hyperglycemia ebalulekile.

Ngemuva kokubeletha, isimo somzimba imvamisa senziwe ngendlela ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwethonya langaphandle.

Isifo sikashukela esisezingeni eliphezulu empeleni siyisimo somzimba sangaphambi kwesifo sikashukela. Kubonakala ngokukhula okuhamba kancane kokumelana kwe-insulin futhi isikhathi eside kuqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo. Lesi simo, odokotela abaningi abasibheka njengeyisigaba salesi sifo, singanqunywa kuphela ngokuhlolwa kweglucose okumbalwa.

Uma lokhu kubalwa kwegazi kufinyelela ku-120 mg, bese umphumela ubanjwa uqinile - kunesizathu sokukhuluma nge-prediabetes. Baphinde bakhulume ngokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo. Ukubonakaliswa kuwukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwesifo sikashukela.

Ukubonakaliswa kukhombisa ukukhula okukhulu kwalesi sifo.

Musa ukudida lesi simo nokuqala kwesifo, ngoba ukwehla okukhulu ekumelaneni nama-insulin receptors isikhathi eside kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu.

Izimpawu zesimilo nokubonakaliswa kwe-pathology

Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, kuba nokwanda kancane kancane kwe-amyloid kumanyikwe. Endabeni yesifo sikashukela esithuthukile, kubhekwa ngisho nokufakwa ngokuphelele kwama-amyloid amafomu asesiqhingini saseLangerhans.

Kwezinye izimo, i-pancreatic fibrosis ibonwa lapho amashubhu e-insulin ethathelwa indawo izicubu ze-insulin ezingasebenzi.

Izigaba ze-atherosclerosis

Ama-capillary pathologies achazwe ngenhla aholela ekuhambeni kwesikhathi ekungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngakho-ke, i-atherosclerosis enzima ingenye yemiphumela yokuqalwa kwesifo.

Ukungabi ukugula okuthile, kwizifo sikashukela kuqala ekuqaleni futhi kuthuthuka ngokushesha, kuthinta imithambo yegazi enkulu kakhulu.

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-gangrenous kuma-diabetics kwenzeka kaningi kaningi kuneziguli ezinomdlavuza osebenza ngokujwayelekile.

Izinkinga Zesifo Sikashukela

Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ngezinso nemithambo yegazi, ezinye izinkinga zalesi sifo ziba khona - kakhulu, sekwephuzile futhi kungamahlalakhona.

Ezobuthakathaka zibandakanya ukunqwabelana egazini lemikhiqizo ye-metabolic kanye nemizimba ye-ketone, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezitho zomzimba - ketoacidosis.

Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-glucose ne-sodium element egazini kuholela ekhefini le-hyperosmolar elikhula ngemuva kokuphelelwa ngamandla komzimba. Enye inkinga ebulalayo ukunqwabelana kwe-lactic acid ezimweni zokulimala kwe-renal kanye ne-hepatic, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokuphefumula kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwengcindezi.

Imiphumela emibi ngemuva kwesikhathi ifaka i-polyneuropathy kanye nonyawo lwesifo sikashukela. Okokuqala kungukuncipha okukhulu kokuzwela kwezitho zomzimba ngenxa yokuqothuka kwezinzwa. Le nkinga ikhulisa ingozi yokulimala kanzima komuntu.

Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela kungenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela sesikhathi eside.

Unyawo lwesifo sikashukela - umphumela wezinkinga zokuhlinzekelwa kwegazi emikhawulweni ephansi. Njengomphumela, kuvela izilonda, amathumba, izindawo zesikhumba ezifile.

I-pancreatic morphology in diabetesics

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, i-morphological pathologies ye-pancreas iyachuma.

Ezimweni ezithile, lezi zinguquko zenzeka ezingeni le-macroscopic.

I-Iron incishiswa ngosayizi, ihluka ngezidumbu ezithintekayo zomzimba.

Ngokwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukuvela okujwayelekile ukwehla kwenani lamaseli "eziqwini zaseLangerhans." Ngohlobo lokuqala, ukwehla kwenani leziqhingi ngokwazo kuyabonakala.

Cishe i-14% yamacala, i-morphology yesitho ayiguquki, kokubili kwinqanaba elincane le-micro. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kudalulwa ama-pathologies emikhumbi, ubuchopho (ngokuyinhloko i-pituitary gland), izinso kanye nendlala yegilo.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Mayelana nezimbangela nezindlela zokwelapha isifo sikashukela kuvidiyo:

Ezimweni eziningi, i-pancreatic pathology eyingozi enjalo ishiya uphawu olubonakalayo lwesimilo kulesitho, ucwaningo lwalo olusiza ukuqonda kangcono uhlobo lwesifo nezindlela zokwelashwa kwalo.

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