I-insulin overdose: izici zesimo esingajwayelekile nezindlela eziphambili zokuxazulula inkinga

Ukweqisa kwe-insulin kungenye yezimo eziyingozi kakhulu ezingenzeka hhayi kuphela ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, kodwa futhi kubantu abaphilile noma abaphila kahle kwezinye izimo.

Yiluphi usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu lapho kuvela inkinga, ungamsiza kanjani umuntu othole i-insulin ngokweqile kanye namanye ama-nuances amaningi okudingeka afundwe ngemininingwane eminingi.

Yini i-insulin

I-insulin yi-hormone ye-pancreatic. Kusukela ngo-1922, le nto ibekwe njengomuthi womphumela wokuncindezela kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.

Ukuqonda ukuthi i-insulin idlala yiphi indima, ekhonjiswe yona, nokuthi i-insulin engaphezulu kakhulu ingakubangela yini ukufa, kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokusebenza kwalowo muthi. Izingxenyana ze-glucose zingena egazini ngemuva kokungenisa. Ingxenye kashukela idonswa izakhiwo zamaselula ngokushesha, bese okuseleyo kufakwa "esitokisini".

I-insulin isebenza kushukela, iyiguqule ibe yi-glycogen. Uma i-insulin ikhiqizwa incane kakhulu, lonke uhlelo lokucubungula ushukela luyaphazamiseka.

Ukweqisa kwe-glucose emzimbeni kuholela ku-hyperglycemia, kanti i-insulin ngokweqile ineminye imiphumela - i-hypoglycemia, kuze kube sekukhulisweni komthambo.

Ukubaluleka Kokulimala Kwe-Insulin

Imijovo ye-insulin iyingxenye yohlelo lokwelashwa kabusha kwezokwelapha iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela. Umjovo ophuthelwe ungaholela ekuwohlokeni okubukhali enhlalakahleni, kanye nasekuqalisweni komthamo omkhulu kakhulu womuthi.

Noma ngubani ohlushwa uhlobo oluthembekile lwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (T1DM) kufanele athathe i-insulin njalo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa kwe-insulin nakho kwenziwa ngabantu abaphilile ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, ukuthola imiphumela engcono, abakhi bomzimba kanye nabanye abasubathi bafaka ama-hormone njengengxenye yohlelo lwe-anabolic olunzulu.

Izinhlobo zokweqisa

Ukweqisa kwe-insulin okuholela ekufeni kungakhula ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Akukenzeki njalo ukukhetha umthamo ofanele wesifo sikashukela, okuholela ekukhuleni kwezifo zokuphefumula kakhulu (i-insulin overdose syndrome).

Amasu okuphatha okungalungile wokwelapha i-insulin aholela eqinisweni lokuthi inkambo yesifo sikashukela iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ayizinzile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela isifo.

Uma kuthola isikhathi esifanele ukwanda kwe-hypoglycemia futhi ulungise umthamo ngokufanele, isiguli sizokwazi ukukhululeka. Isimo sezulu sizothandeka. Kubalulekile ukwenza izilinganiso ezihlelekile futhi ufunde ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani ushukela wegazi ngokuzimele.

Izizathu zokukhula kwesimo esingajwayelekile

Umthamo ophephile kumuntu ongenaso isifo sikashukela awudluli i-4 IU. Abakhi bomzimba kwesinye isikhathi bahlukumeza i-hormone, bekhulisa umthamo ovumelekile amahlandla ama-5. Ama-diabetes anezinjongo zokwelapha akhishwa kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-50 IU we-insulin.

Ukweqisa kwe-insulin kuma-diabetes kanye nabantu abanempilo kungenzeka kulezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

1. Iphutha lemishini kumthamo;
2. Umjovo owodwa womthamo onganele;
3. Amaphutha ekubaleni umthamo omusha, ukudideka kumalungiselelo, ukungafaneleki kwengozi engaqondanga ama-hormone abamba isikhathi eside futhi omfushane;
4. Ukwephulwa kwemodi yomsebenzi (ngaphandle kokuthatha isilinganiso esifanele sama-carbohydrate);
5. Ukunganaki ukudla ngemuva kokufakwa kwehomoni;
6. Ukushintshela ohlotsheni olusha lwemithi;
7. Ukuphathwa okuyiphutha kwalo muthi kumuntu onempilo (isici somuntu, ukunganaki kwezokwelapha);
8. Ukuhlukumezeka kwezeluleko zezokwelapha;
9. Ukuphuza i-insulin kanyekanye, ukudla izingxenye eziningi zotshwala (isimo sizoba nzima kakhulu uma onesifo sikashukela engathathi ingxenye yokudla efanelekile ingemuva kokuqina komzimba).

Imithamo ejwayelekile ye-insulin iyabuyekezwa abesifazane abakhulelwe abanesifo sikashukela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ku-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Ukuzwela i-insulin kukhuphuka ngokwehluleka kwe-renal, izinqubo zokuwohloka kwesibindi.

Ngisho nemithamo emincane ye-insulin ingadala isimo se-hypoglycemia, uma ungacabangi ngezifo ezikhethekile zomuntu noma izimo zesikhashana zokuphila komzimba.

Imithamo: ubuqili bokuphatha umuthi

Umsebenzi we-insulin ulinganiswa ku-ED noma ku-ME. Iyunithi eli-1 le-hormone lilingana ne-1 24 mg ye-crystalline insulin. Kubantu abane-mellitus encike kwisifo sikashukela, kuye kwenziwa amasu wonke akhombisa ukuthi angabalwa kanjani kahle umuthi owodwa nosuku lomuthi.

Uma kubalwa umthamo ngamunye wesiguli esithile, udokotela kufanele anake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Uhlobo lomuthi;
• Ngabe isebenza kanjani i-insulin (isenzo esifushane noma eside);
• Iminyaka
• Isisindo
• Ukuba khona kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona;
• Indlela yokuphila yesiguli;
• Isikhathi lapho umuthi uzonikezwa.

Ukubalwa kwethomu elilungile inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Iphutha lingena kunoma yisiphi isigaba. Lapho ukhetha umuthi futhi uthuthukisa uhlelo lokuphatha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CL (amayunithi esinkwa) kuyimpoqo.

Inkomba ye-glycemic yesithako ngasinye esetshenziswayo ibalulekile lapha, kanye nesilinganiso sezingxenye zokudla kanye nomsebenzi wangempela womzimba umuntu awutholayo.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokweqisa

Ngokweqile kwe-insulin, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia, okuguqukela ekubeni yi-coma, kungenzeka. Izimpawu ezikhombisa ukweqisa kwe-hormone zingakhula kancane, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokweqile kwesimo esijwayelekile.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa ukunwebeka okungapheli kwezingxenyana ze-insulin emzimbeni:

• Izinga eliphakeme ngokweqile le-acetone;
• Isisindo sokuthola;
• Izikhathi ezithile, imizwa yobuthakathaka iyavela.

Uhlobo olubi lwe-overdose lubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-hypoglycemic syndrome. Ukubonakaliswa kwesimilo:

• Ukungazi kahle;
• Abafundi abangajwayelekile;
• Isiyezi
• I-Cephalgia;
• Umuzwa wokwethuka;
• Isicanucanu
• Ubuthakathaka emzimbeni wonke;
• Tremors;
• Ukudonsa ngeminwe;
• I-Tachycardia;
• I-pallor engalindelekile emzimbeni wonke;
• Umjuluko obandayo.

I-Hypoglycemia ne-coma

Ubunzima bezimpawu bucacile, futhi akunakwenzeka ukudidanisa i-hypoglycemia nezinye izimo ze-pathological, ikakhulukazi uma kwaziwa ngomlando onesisindo seguli neqiniso lokuphathwa kwe-insulin.

Ukuquleka okukhulu, okubonisa ukuqala kwesibindi komqondo we-hypoglycemic, kuhambisana nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Ukujuluka akukho;
2. Umfutho wegazi wehla kakhulu, kuze kube lapho uwe;
3. Ukuthathwa kwesithuthwane kungenzeka;
4. Ukuphefumula kaningi kepha ngezikhathi ezithile;
5. Abafundi abasabeli ngokukhanya;
6. Ama-eyebalks ahamba buthaka futhi asymmetrically;
7. Ingqikithi ye-atony yemisipha;
8. Ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezimpawu eziphansi ezijwayelekile ze-tendon.

Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo

Ngokushesha lapho iqiniso lokuqothuka kwe-insulin kuqapheleka, i-algorithm elula yokuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kokuqala. Uma ukubonakaliswa kwe-hypoglycemic kusanda kuqala ukwenzeka, umuntu ukhononda ngobuthakathaka nokuqhaqhazela kwezandla, futhi nomjuluko obandayo uvele ebunzini lakhe, kufanele anikeze lowo ophethe itiye elimnandi abize i-ambulensi.

Uma sikhuluma ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela "abanokuhlangenwe nakho", kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi babe nendlela yokulinganisa amazinga kashukela. Uma kwenzeka kunezimpawu eziyingozi, udinga ukukala izinga le-glucose esegazini, bese usebenzisa ngokushesha inani elincane lama-carbohydrate.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukweqisa kwe-insulin

Isiguli kufanele siphathe i-insulin ngesikhathi esivumelana ngokuphelele, sibheka umthamo kanye nemvamisa yokuphathwa komuthi.

Kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile uma onesifo sikashukela enza inqubo ngokwakhe. Ama-syringes wepeni elikhethekile alungele ukusetshenziswa. Konke okudingekayo kumuntu, shayela umthamo owuthandayo bese ufaka ngokucophelela.

Amayunithi akhonjisiwe esikalini. Ukwazi umthamo wayo ngqo, kuyinto elula ukuthi isiguli sishayele inani elidingekayo kusuka ku-ampoule. Imijovo inikezwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla. Le yingqondo ebalulekile futhi i-endocrinologist itshela isiguli ngayo, kaninginingi igxile ekubalulekeni kokulandela isincomo.

Imijovo yenziwa esiswini. Le ndawo ayitholakali kalula ekusetshenzisweni ngokomzimba okungahleliwe, ngakho-ke ukumunyiswa kwe-insulin kuzobe kulungile kakhulu. Uma wethula umuthi emisipheni yamaphethelo aphansi, ukwehla kwe-hormone kuzokwehla kakhulu.

Ukulawulwa ngesikhathi kwe-insulin nokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho kuzovumela umuntu onesifo sikashukela ukuba azizwe ejabule futhi angesabi ukuwohloka okungazelelwe enhlalakahleni. Enye inkiniso ebalulekile ukuhambisana nokudla okuqinile.