Impilo yawo wonke umuntu igcinwa ngosizo lwe-insulin, okuyi-hormone. Amanyikwe, noma, amangqamuzana alo e-beta, enza umkhiqizo wawo. I-insulin ihloselwe ukugcina izinga elidingekayo le-glucose emzimbeni womuntu, futhi libamba iqhaza ne-carbohydrate metabolism. I-insulin immunoreactive (IRI) kuphela ekwehlisa amazinga kashukela.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Uma umuntu ahlangana okokuqala nomqondo we-insulin engasebenzi emzimbeni, ngemininingwane ethe xaxa mayelana nokuthi uyini uzotshelwa udokotela obonayo lapho kuboniswana naye.
Uma ungena ujule kulesi sihloko, ungafunda ngokufihlwa kwamanyikwe. Ixubekile futhi iqukethe iziqhingi eziningana zeLangerhans, zona, ezingase zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-2 zamaseli angenakungena. Yibona abakhiqiza amahomoni abantu. Enye yazo yi-insulin, kanti eyesibili i- glucagon.
Owokuqala waphenywa kahle. Ososayensi bakwazile ukuhlukanisa isakhiwo saso. Kwatholakala ukuthi i-insulin isebenza ngokubambisana namaprotheni e-receptor. Lezi zokugcina zitholakala ngaphandle kolwelwesi lwe-plasma. Ukuphambanisa okunjalo kwenza sikwazi ukusungula ukuxhumana nezinye izingxenye ze-membrane, ngenxa yalokho ukwakheka kwalawa maprotheni kanye nokwanda kwezindikimba ngokwazo kuguquka.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukudlulisa inani elidingekayo le-insulin kumaseli wesiguli.
Ama-pathologies ale proteni ahambisana nokukhula kwezifo ezinjengoshukela. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi nezinguquko ezithinta izinga lokugcinwa kwe-insulin. Ngakho-ke, ngohlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kwehla ukwehla kokutholakala kwesifo, futhi ngohlobo 2 lokugula, i-insulin ingancishiswa noma ikhuliswe, noma kujwayelekile, okuya ngesimo esivamile somuntu kanye nesigaba salesi sifo.
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa okufanele, odokotela banquma ukuhlolwa kwe-IRI kweziguli. Amapharamitha anjalo abhekwa njengezinkomba ezijwayelekile - 6-24 mIU / l.
Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo
I-insulin yihomoni ngaphandle kwayo okungekho seli emzimbeni elingaphila ngokuphelele, ngoba ngeke licetshiswe ushukela. Ngeveli encishisiwe, izinga likashukela egazini liyakhuphuka, futhi amangqamuzana awondli ngento edingekayo. Lokhu kuholela kushukela. Kepha ukuhluka kungahluka.
Kwezinye iziguli, umzimba ukhiqiza inani le-insulin elifunekayo, kodwa alisebenzi. Kwabanye, inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-hormone ayikho ngokuphelele.
I-insulin idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo, ngakho-ke inemisebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukwenza ngcono ukwanda kwezimpawu zamangqamuzana ngokuziphatha kwama-amino acid kanye noshukela;
- Ukulawulwa kwezinga le-glycogen kumaseli wesibindi, umzimba ongase ulisebenzisele ukuguqula i-glucose;
- Ukuhamba kwe-glucose kuwo wonke amaseli ukuthuthukisa imetabolism futhi isebenzise imikhiqizo yayo;
- Ukwenza ngcono ukumuncwa komzimba kwamafutha namaprotheni.
Kepha akuyona yonke into elula, ngoba i-hormone ingakhuphuka hhayi kuphela kwisifo sikashukela, kepha futhi nakwezinye izimo eziningi (i-insulinoma, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, i-Cushing's syndrome, i-acromegaly, njll.). Ngakho-ke, kaningi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, imiphumela ingaba ngamanga noma iveze esinye sezifo ezingenhla.
Ukuxilongwa okunembile, kufanele kwenziwe isheke lokuqhathanisa izinga le-glucose ne-insulin. Isilinganiso sabo kufanele silingane no-0.25.
Izinkomba zokuhlolwa
Ukuhlolwa kumele kwenziwe ezimeni ezinjalo:
- Ucwaningo olunzulu lweziguli olutholwe yi-metabolic syndrome;
- Uma usola i-insulin;
- Ukuhlolwa okugcwele kweziguli ezitholakala nge-polycystic ovary syndrome;
- Lapho uthola izimo ze-hypoglycemic.
Amacala ngamanye lapho odokotela bephakamisa umbuzo wesidingo esiphelele sokusebenzisa i-insulin ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela.
Imvamisa iziguli ziyakhungatheka lapho zithunyelwa ukucwaninga. Banesithakazelo: ingabe i-insulin engasebenzi kanye ne-insulin yinto efanayo? Yebo, lawa ngamagama ahlukene ngomqondo owodwa.
Ukulungiselela ukulethwa
Udokotela oholayo utshela ngokucophelela ngalesi sigaba, ngoba ucwaningo lwenziwa ngohlelo olukhethekile. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokulungiselela:
- Ungadli amahora angama-8 ngaphambi kwenqubo;
- Ungaphuzi iziphuzo ezinoshukela, kanye nama-compotes kanye nama-juices anqatshelwe;
- Awusoze uphuze inkomishi engaphezu kweyodwa yamanzi abilisiwe (ezimweni ezibucayi);
- Khipha umuthi ngaphambi kwenqubo.
Akusizi ngalutho ukunikeza ukuhlaziya okunjalo ezigulini ezake zathola inkambo yokwelashwa nge-insulin, ngoba lokhu kuzohlanekezela imiphumela. Udokotela uzoxwayisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ngokujova nge-insulin egazini nangokuthatha igazi emthanjeni we-cubital (amahlandla ambalwa). Isikhathi singamahora amabili. Uchwepheshe kufanele athole imiphumela eminingana ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanele ufunde mayelana nemibandela yocwaningo. Ngakho-ke, i-insulin engasebenzi kahle ihlaziywa nge-vitro. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokwenza ukuhlolwa ngqo kushubhu lokuhlola uqobo, hhayi esimweni sokuphilayo. Kukhona ukuhlolwa okuphambene ngokuya nge-invivo - ukuhlolwa kwento ephilayo.
Esimweni sokuqala, kusetshenziswa imodeli engenaseli noma isiko elikhethiwe lamaseli aphilayo. Kepha ukubuyela emuva kwenhlolovo enjalo akuyona imiphumela yangempela ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ezimeni ezinjalo kungahle kube nokungalungile emiphumeleni. Lesi kuphela isigaba sokulungiselela ukubona izakhiwo okungenzeka ziphendulwe kanye nokuphendula komzimba ngokuqokwa okwengeziwe kohlolo lwe-vivo.
Imiphumela yocwaningo
Uma umphumela usezingeni le-6-24 mIU / L, i-insulin yesiguli ijwayelekile. Ngokwesilinganiso sokuqhathanisa ne-glucose, inkomba akufanele idlule ku-0.25. Kepha ukungahlali njalo kulezi zindinganiso kuzokhombisa ubukhona besifo sikashukela. Ezinye iziguli zingase zivivinywe okungezona ezejwayelekile, khona-ke izinkomba zizohluka ngokuphelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma izinkomba ezijwayelekile, ezisemngceleni wokwamukeleka, odokotela bangenza isifo esidumazayo. Kulokhu, umuntu uba nesifo se-pancreatic noma isifo sikashukela. Isibonelo, inani eliphansi libonisa ukukhula kohlobo loku-1 lokugula, futhi ngamanani andayo - cishe uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo.
Imiphumela yamanga
Imvamisa, izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ziphela nemiphumela yamanga, ngoba izici eziningi ezahlukahlukene zithonya lezi zinkomba. Okokuqala ngukudla. Uma umuntu engazange alandele izeluleko zikadokotela futhi ngosuku olwandulela ucwaningo adle okunamafutha, izitsha ezinosawoti nezinoshukela, iziphuzo, imiphumela iyoba engalungile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba zamanga zingatholakala uma isiguli sibhekene nokukhwabanisa okuthile ngokomzimba noma sihlolwe yi-X-ray, futhi muva nje sathola ukwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona. Uma kwenzeka kunemiphumela engemihle, odokotela nakanjani bazohlola okunye ukuhlola ukuze bathole umphumela.
Uma isiguli sizwa izimpawu zesifo sikashukela noma sinezinsolo, kufanele ngaso leso sikhathi siye kudokotela onguchwepheshe ukuthola isimo sakhe, simxilonge futhi simhlole. Ukukhonjwa kokugula kungekudala kukhonjwa indlela, kulula futhi kusheshe ukubhekana nayo ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi empilweni yomuntu.
