I-diabetes mellitus yisifo esitholakala noma esizuzwe njenge-metabolic metabolis, esibonakaliswa ngokwanda koshukela wegazi, okuvela ekuntuleni kwe-insulin emzimbeni. Cishe wonke umuntu wesine ophethwe yilesi sifo esiteji sokuqala akaboni nakancane ukuthi uyagula.
Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe kungaba olunye lwezimpawu zokugula okungathi sína. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi kungani ngesifo sikashukela i-mellitus sincipha isisindo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela
Ukuthi kungani isifo sikashukela sivela ekugcineni asicaci. Ezinye zezimbangela ezinkulu zokwenzeka yilezi:
- Ngokweqile;
- Isizungu
- Ukudla okungenampilo;
- Izinga lomkhiqizo eliphansi;
- Izifo kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane (i-pancreatitis, umkhuhlane)
- Isimo esicindezelayo;
- Iminyaka.
Izimpawu
Amacala athuthukile alesi sifo angaholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukungaboni, kanye nokukhubazeka kwesifo sikashukela esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo.
- Umile njalo;
- Ukukhathala okungapheli
- Ukulunywa kanye nokulimala isikhathi eside amanxeba;
- Ukuchama kaningi;
- Umbono ofiphele;
- Indlala njalo;
- Ukudonsa ngamandla noma ukusindeka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni;
- Ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe;
- Ukulimazeka kwememori;
- Ukumunca i-acetone emlonyeni.
Kungani ushukela wehlisa isisindo
Ukwehla kwesisindo okusheshayo kuholela ekuwohlokeni komzimba, noma i-cachexia, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda isizathu esenza abantu banciphise isisindo sikashukela.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, ama-carbohydrate angena emgodini wesisu, abese engena egazini. Ama-pancreas akhiqiza i-insulin ye-hormone, ebasizayo ukumunca. Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzeka emzimbeni, i-insulin ikhiqizwa kancane, ama-carbohydrate agcinwa egazini, okudala ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela. Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo emacaleni alandelayo.
Umzimba uyeka ukuqaphela amaseli abhekene nokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Kukhona ushukela omningi emzimbeni, kepha awukwazi ukumunwa futhi ukhishwa emchameni. Lokhu kujwayele isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Isiguli sinengcindezelo, sicindezelekile, silamba njalo, sihlukunyezwa ikhanda.
Esinye isizathu esenza ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela behlise isisindo kungenxa yokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba ungadli i-glucose, futhi esikhundleni salokho, izicubu zamafutha nemisipha zisetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla obuyisela amazinga kashukela kumaseli. Njengomphumela wokushiswa kwamafutha okusebenzayo, isisindo somzimba sehla kakhulu. Lokhu kwehla kwesisindo kujwayele uhlobo 2 sikashukela.
Ingozi yokunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha
Ukwehla kwesisindo okusheshayo akuyona ingozi kangako kunokukhuluphala. Isiguli singaba nokukhathala (i-cachexia), imiphumela eyingozi yayo engaba:
- Ukugcwala okugcwele noma okuyingxenye kwemisipha yemilenze;
- Amafutha izicubu dystrophy;
- I-Ketoacidosis ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism, okungaholela enkomeni yesifo sikashukela.
Okufanele ukwenze
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukubonisana nodokotela. Uma ukwehla kwesisindo kuhlotshaniswa nesimo sokusebenza kwengqondo sesiguli, khona-ke uzonikezwa ukwelashwa kwengqondo okuphathelene nokuqonda, ama-antidepressants kanye nokudla okunekhalori ephezulu.
Kwezinye izimo, isiguli sidluliselwa ngokushesha ekudleni okunekhalori ephezulu futhi kufakwa emikhiqizweni yokudla ekhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin (igalikhi, amahlumela iBrussels, uwoyela ongahluziwe, ubisi lwembuzi).
Ukudla kufanele kuqukethe ama-carbohydrate angama-60%, amafutha angama-25% namaprotheni ayi-15% (abesifazane abakhulelwe abafinyelela kuma-20-25%). Kubhekelwa ikakhulukazi ama-carbohydrate. Kufanele zisatshalaniswe ngokulinganayo kukho konke ukudla usuku lonke. Ukudla okunama-khalori aphezulu kakhulu kudliwa ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ukudla isidlo sasemini kufanele kube ne-10% yokudla kwekhalori yansuku zonke.
Ungasithola kanjani isisindo ngohlobo 1 sikashukela
Ukuze uyeke ukunciphisa isisindo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuthathwa amakhalori amaningi emzimbeni. Ukudla okwenziwa nsuku zonke kufanele kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezi-6. Ukudla okujwayelekile (ibhulakufesi, isidlo sasemini, isidlo sakusihlwa kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa), okubandakanya ama-85-90% wokudla kwekhalori yansuku zonke, kumele kufakelwe ukudla okulula, okubandakanya u-10-15% wokudla kwansuku zonke okudliwayo.
Okokudla okungeziwe, ama-walnuts, imbewu yethanga, ama-alimondi noma eminye imikhiqizo equkethe amafutha angama-monounsaturated kufanelekile.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo elandelayo:
- Isobho elinemifino;
- Ubisi lwebhokhwe;
- Amafutha aphambili;
- Inyama enoshukela;
- Isinamoni
- Imifino eluhlaza;
- Izinhlanzi ezinamafutha amancane;
- Isinkwa sama-rye (hhayi ngaphezu kwama-200 g ngosuku).
Ukudla okufanele kufanele kube nokulinganisela, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isilinganiso esifanele samaprotheni, amafutha nama-carbohydrate.
Ungasithola kanjani isisindo ngohlobo 2 sikashukela
Ukuze uthole isisindo sohlobo 2 sikashukela, ukunakwa okukhulu nakho kuyakhokhelwa ezondlekeni. Ngale hlobo lwesifo, udinga ukulawula ukungena kwama-carbohydrate emzimbeni, ukhetha ukudla okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic. Ngaphansi kwalo, ushukela omncane uzoza nokudla kanti ongaphansi kuzoba izinga likashukela wegazi.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kakhulu kwe-glycemic index:
- Iklabishi
- Ukhukhamba
- Isithombo;
- Apula
- I-pepper pepper;
- Asparagus
- Ubisi lwesikhumba;
- Ama-Walnuts;
- I-Legumes;
- I-Perlovka;
- I-yogurt enamafutha amancane ngaphandle koshukela nezithasiselo.
Imikhiqizo Yesifo Sikashukela
Uma udinga ukwanda kwesisindo esiphuthumayo, akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi kukhona lonke uhlu lwemikhiqizo okungafanele kudliwe ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela, iziguli eziningi zibeke etafuleni enohlu lwemikhiqizo eyingozi nelusizo.
| Igama lomkhiqizo | Inconyelwe ukusetshenziswa | Khawulela noma ungafaki ekudleni |
| Inhlanzi nenyama | Inhlanzi enamafutha aphansi, izinkukhu ezonda (ibele), inyama enamafutha amancane (i-veal, unogwaja) | I-sausage, amasoseji, amasoseji, i-ham, inhlanzi enamafutha nenyama |
| Imikhiqizo yamakhekhe kanye neye-confectionery | Isinkwa ngefulawa ye-chinangwa ne-rye asimnandi | Isinkwa esimhlophe, imiqhekezo, amakhekhe, namakhekhe, amakhukhi |
| Amaswidi | Izithelo ezi-jelly | Uswidi we-ayisikhilimu |
| Imikhiqizo yobisi | I-kefir enamafutha amancane, ubisi olubilisiwe olubisiwe, ubisi, ushizi Wezempilo, i-suluguni enosawoti okhanyayo | I-Margarine, ibhotela, ama-yoghurts noshukela kanye nojamu, ushizi onamafutha |
| Imifino emisha, ebilisiwe noma ebhakwe | Iklabishi, i-broccoli, i-zucchini, isitshalo seqanda, izaqathi, utamatisi, izimbila, yonke imifino enenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic | Amazambane, imifino enesitashi esiningi |
| Amasobho | Isobho elinemifino, i-borsch engenanyama, isobho seklabishi | Isobho kumhluzi wenyama onamafutha, hodgepodge |
| Izihlobo | I-Buckwheat, i-oat, amabele, ibhali leparele | Ilayisi elimhlophe, i-semolina |
| Imisipha | Isinaphi, I-Paste Utamatisi Yemvelo | I-Ketchup, imayonesi |
| Izithelo | Hhayi izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu futhi amajikijolo ngenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi | Amagilebhisi, ubhanana |
Ukunaka! Akunakudingeka ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela badle ukudla okusheshayo. Khohlwa ngama-pasties, ama-burger, izinja ezishisayo, ama-fries ama-french nokunye ukudla okungenampilo. Ziyimbangela yokukhuluphala, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ikhule ibe yisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Kuyadingeka ukukhipha utshwala ekudleni. Banciphisa umzimba, basusa amanzi nezakhi zomzimba kuwo, osekunganele ngokwanele.
Ngokuqedwa kokuncipha kwesisindo kanye nokufinyeleleka kwamanani aso ajwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa kancane kancane ukungena kokudla okunamafutha.
Imodi yokuphuza
Ukusetshenziswa kwenani elanele lamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umuntu onempilo, futhi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile nje ukuthi banciphe. Okungenani amalitha ama-2 amanzi kufanele adakwe ngosuku. Ama-compotes, amasobho, itiye nezinye izitsha eziwuketshezi azifakwanga kuleli nani.
Ukudla okwanele uketshezi kuyadingeka ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ngenxa yokuchama kaningi, umzimba ulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi, okuhlinzekwa ngawo kumele kugcwaliswe njalo.
- Amanzi okuphuza anele avuselela amanyikwe.
- Amanzi amaminerali aqukethe i-potassium, i-magnesium ne-sodium, athuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin.
- Ukuphuza okwanele kwamanzi kusheshisa izinqubo ze-metabolic, kusiza i-glucose metabolism.
Ezemidlalo
Ukuzivocavoca kuyadingeka ngisho nakulabo abaphethwe ukunciphisa umzimba. Ngesikhathi semidlalo, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyasheshiswa, imetabolism iyathuthuka, isifiso sokudla siyathuthuka. Amandla akhulisa isisindo semisipha, esiza ukubuyisela isisindo esilahlekile.
Isifinyezo
Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi kungani behlise isisindo ngohlobo 2 sikashukela nohlobo 1 sikashukela, singaphetha ngokuthi lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, kufaka phakathi ukuncipha kwesisindo, kuyaphuthuma ukuba sifune usizo kudokotela onguchwepheshe.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi inani elikhulu labantu libulawa yilesi sifo esibi kanye nezinkinga zalo emhlabeni minyaka yonke, liyakwazi futhi kufanele lilwe. Ngokulashwa okufanele nokudla okukhethwe kahle, abanesifo sikashukela banethuba lokuzizwa bejabule, bephila impilo ejwayelekile, basebenze futhi badlale nemidlalo.
