Njengoba ama-pancreas edlala indima enkulu kulawulo lwezinqubo ze-metabolic kanye namazinga kashukela emzimbeni, zonke izitho nezinhlelo zihlupheka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuncane ekusebenzeni kwayo.
Uma kungakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, khona-ke okubizwa ngokuthi yi-pathological glucosuria.
Kungenxa yokugwema izingqinamba ezingaba khona eziphikisana nesizinda sesifundo saleso sifo, kubalulekile ukunamathela emithethweni ekhethekile kanye nezimfuneko, zombili ezondlekeni nasekulondolozeni impilo enempilo. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke lesi sifo singafaka inkinga enkulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi eyingozi yesifo sikashukela.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zomzimba nezinhlelo
Njengoba phambi kwalesi sifo kumuntu kunokuntuleka kwehomoni ye-pancreatic ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin, khona-ke i-pathological glucosuria.
Izinkinga ezinkulu zomsebenzi owakheka kwe-glycogen wesibindi nokulimala kokusebenzisa ushukela ngama-peripheral izicubu kungaba yimfanelo zokubonakala kwazo.
Njengoba wazi, esibindini somuntu ngamunye kunezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali zokuqhekeka nokutholwa okwengeziwe kwama-lipids, amaprotheni, futhi, ngempela, ama-carbohydrate, eza kuwo kanye ne-plasma yegazi avela ngqo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
Iningi lezindlala ze-endocrine ngokubamba iqhaza kohlelo lwezinzwa zithinta umsebenzi othile wamanyikwe nesibindi. Njengoba ama-carbohydrate angumthombo oyinhloko wamandla angenakufinyeleleka kumuntu, ukushintshaniswa kwalezi zinto kubalulekile emzimbeni wakhe.
Ngaphezu kwe-insulin, ama-hormone ahluke ngokuphelele akhiqizwa yi-pancreas nawo abandakanyeka ekudleni komzimba we-carbohydrate. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-glucagon futhi inomphumela ophambene ngokuphelele.
Futhi, ama-hormone okukhula, akhiqizwa i-pituitary gland, i-cortisol namanye ama-hormone e-thyroid, athinta i-carbohydrate metabolism.
Zonke lezi zinto ziyakwazi ukwenza kusebenze ngokushesha ukwephulwa kwe-glycogen, okuholela ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwamazinga kashukela. Yingakho i-adrenaline, i-hormone yokukhula, ama-glucagon nama-hormone egilo kubhekiswa kuwo kuphela njengabaphikisi be-insulin.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kokuntenga okubukhali futhi okunamandla kwe-insulin, zonke izinqubo zokufakwa emzimbeni kwe-carbohydrate emzimbeni ziphazamiseka ngokushesha. Okokuqala, i-glycogen yesibindi iyabhidlika bese iqala ukungena ku-plasma yegazi ngendlela ye-glucose.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba uqala ukwephulwa okuthuthukile kwe-glycogen ngenani elanele lokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Kamuva, lokhu kuholela ekubekweni kwamafutha kumaseli we-gges yokugaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni kuholela ngokuqinile kuzinguquko ezibalulekile futhi eziyingozi kumetabolism yamanzi nokulinganisa kukasawoti.
Ukwehluleka ukuhlanganisa ama-glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
Ama-glycosaminoglycans yingxenye ye-carbohydrate yama-proteinoglycans, afaka ama-amino ushukela-hexosamines. Lezi zinto zihlobene kakhulu nengxenyana yamaprotheni ama-proteinoglycans.
I-Glycosaminoglycans, imodeli yamangqamuzana
Lezi zinto ezibalulekile eziqukethwe kuma-proteinoglycans zihlobene nezinto ezihlobene nezicubu ezithintekayo. Ngakho-ke, ziqukethwe emathanjeni, emzimbeni we-vitreous kanye ne-cornea yeso. Ngokuhlanganiswa nemicu ye-collagen ne-elastin, baphenduka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-connective tis matrix.
Lezi zinto ezisebenzayo zimboza wonke amaseli, ngaphezu kwalokho, zidlala indima enkulu ekushintshanisweni kwe-ion, imisebenzi yokuvikela umzimba kanye nokwehlukanisa izicubu. Uma umuntu enokwephulwa okungathi sína kokuhlanganiswa kwe-GAG kushukela, khona-ke lokhu kungaholela ekuqubukeni kwenani lezifo ezinkulu.
Ukulimala kwe-lipid metabolism ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela: i-biochemistry
Njengoba uyazi, i-insulin nayo inomphumela omangazayo we-lipid metabolism kwezicubu ze-adipose.
Iyakwazi ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha athile e-glucose. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile ukuvimbela kokuqhekeka kwe-lipid nokuwohloka kwamaprotheni kwezicubu zemisipha.
Yingakho ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-pancreatic hormone kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-metabolic engalungiseki, okuvame kakhulu ukubonwa ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus.
I-carbohydrate metabolism
Lokhu kugula kuyakwazi ukuthinta zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic ezenzeka emzimbeni.
Njengoba wazi, ngesifo sikashukela, i-metabolism yama-carbohydrate iphazamiseka kakhulu, ebonakala izici ezithile:
- ngokuqinile kunciphisa ukuvela kwe-glucokinase, ecishe inyamalale ngokuphelele esibindini. Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba unokushoda okukhulu kwe-glucose-6-phosphate. Umphumela walokhu kwehla ngokuqamba kwe-glycogen;
- umsebenzi ophakeme we-glucose-6-phosphatase uqala ukwanda, ngakho-ke i-glucose-6-phosphate is dephosphorylated futhi ingena ngeplasma yegazi ngendlela ye-glucose;
- ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwe-metabolic kwenzeka - ukuguqulwa kwe-glucose ibe ngamafutha kwehla;
- ukungakwazi ukudlula ushukela ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwesitho seluqaphelekile;
- ukwakheka kwe-glucose kwemikhiqizo ethile ye-non-carbohydrate metabolism kusheshiswa ngokushesha.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kubonakaliswa ukwakheka ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa okunganele kwe-glucose ngezicubu ezahlukahlukene zomzimba, okuholela ku-hyperglycemia.
Ukulimala kwamaprotheni metabolism kushukela
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela akukhathazi i-carbohydrate ne-lipid kuphela, kepha futhi ne-protein metabolism.
Njengoba wazi, ukuncipha okubukhali komzimba we-hormone yamanyikwe nokusetshenziswa kweglucose okhubazekile kungaholela ekwehlekeni kokuhlanganiswa kweprotheni.
Le nqubo engemnandi ibuye ihambisane nokulahleka kwe-nitrogen ngumzimba kanye nokudedelwa kwe-potassium, kulandelwe ukuphuma kwe-ion ngemikhiqizo yokulahla udoti.
Inani elinganele le-pancreatic hormone lithinta ukusebenza kwamaseli, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokulimazeka kwamaprotheni metabolism, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka nezinye izinkinga. Phakathi kokunye, ukuswelakala kwamanzi kuholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukomisa ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana omzimba.
Iyini ingozi yokwehluleka?
Uma ngemuva kokuthola isiguli isifo sikashukela, siqhubeka nokuphila impilo ejwayelekile, sidla ukudla okungafanele, sisebenzisa uphuzo oludakayo, sibheme, siphila impilo yokungasebenzi, singavakasheli udokotela futhi singayi kohlolwa, kuthi-ke kuye kwandiswe ubungozi be-hypoglycemic coma.Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu, esibonakala sokwehla okukhanyiswa okusheshayo kokuxineka kweglucose. Uma umzimba ojwayelekile we-metabolism ubusa ushukela, khona-ke amathuba okuthola kwakhe lesi sifo ukuncane.
Kodwa, noma kunjalo, ukuze unciphise zonke izinhlobo zokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukunamathela kuzo zonke izincomo zochwepheshe ezihlobene nokuthatha izidakamizwa ezifanele kanye nokudla nsuku zonke.
Ngokuqondene nokudla, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yitafula 9 kufanelekile kwabanesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izikhathi zokudla ezilungele isiguli esithile, futhi kufanelekile ukunaka udokotela oholayo. Kumele asishintshe esigulini ngasinye ukuze kugwenywe ubunzima.
Isidingo esiyinhloko ekudwebeni ukudla kwesiguli esithile ukugxila enanini lezidingo zekhalori zansuku zonke. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla kwakho okuphezulu kuma-carbohydrate.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezigaya ukudla kalula. Lokhu kufaka ushukela, isinkwa, i-confectionery, ushokoledi, namajusi. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthi ungafaki ukudla okuthosiwe futhi kugcwele amafutha ayingozi ekudleni.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Isifundo somuntu okhethwe yisayensi yezokwelapha ekuphazamisweni kwe-metabolic in diabetesics:
Lapho sikhona lesi sifo okukhulunywa ngaso, kufanele unake isimo sempilo yakho nendlela yakho yokuphila, engenza ukuqhubekela phambili kwalesi sifo. Ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga eziyingozi, udinga ukubona udokotela wakho njalo ukubona ukwanda kwalesi sifo futhi asisize ukusinqanda noma ukusivimba. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhashana, ukuhlolwa, ukulungiswa kokudla okunempilo, ukuvakashela uchwepheshe, kanye nokuzigcina uphila kahle kuzosiza ukuyeka lesi sifo. Ngendlela efanelekile, ungahola impilo ejwayelekile ephelele ngaphandle kwemikhawulo, engahlukile empilweni yomuntu ophilile ngokuphelele. Uma isiguli sinohlobo lwesibili lwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, khona-ke lapha awunakukwenza ngaphandle kwemithi ekhethekile enciphisa ukugcwala koshukela, i-insulin nemithi ethile eyehlisa i-lipid.
