IStevia isitshalo esiyingqayizivele esinamaqabunga neziqu zawo ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kukhulu kunoshukela. Izici zokunambitha "zotshani obusi" kungenxa yokuqukethwe kwama-steviosides nama-rebuadosides - izinto ezingahambisani nama-carbohydrate futhi zinokuqukethwe kwe-calorie ye-zero.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-stevia isetshenziswa kabanzi kuhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela kanye nokukhuluphala njenge-sweetener yemvelo. IStevia iyindlela ehlukile yokwenza ama-sweeteners okwenziwa, ngoba ayigcini nje ngamaphutha abo nemiphumela emibi, kodwa futhi inomphumela owelaphayo ngohlobo 2 sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Siyini lesi sitshalo?
IStevia rebaudiana uju lwezinyosi luyisihlahla esihlala sikhula njalo sineziqu ze-herbaceous, umndeni wakwa-Asteraceae, lapho ama-asters nojongilanga abajwayele yibo bonke. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela ku-45-120 cm, ngokuya ngezimo ezikhulayo.
Imvelaphi yaseNingizimu Melika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi, lesi sitshalo sihlwanyelwa ukukhiqizwa kokukhishwa kwe-stevioside ekhaya naseMpumalanga Asia (umthengisi omkhulu we-stevioside yiChina), kwa-Israyeli kanye nasezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussian Federation.
Ungakhula i-stevia ekhaya ezimbizeni zezimbali efasiteleni elangeni. Kuyinto engathembeki, ikhula ngokushesha, isakazeka kalula ngokusika. Esikhathini sehlobo, ungatshala utshani bezinyosi esakhiweni somuntu siqu, kepha isitshalo kumele sibe nobusika egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo. Ungasebenzisa womabili amaqabunga amasha futhi omile kanye neziqu njenge-sweetener.
Umlando wohlelo
Amaphayona wempahla eyingqayizivele ye-stevia bekungamaNdiya aseMelika aseMelika, ayesebenzisa “utshani bezinyosi” ukunikeza ukunambitheka obumnandi kweziphuzo, kanye nesitshalo sokwelapha - ngokumelene nokushiswa yinhliziyo nezimpawu zezinye izifo.
Ngemuva kokutholwa kweMelika, izimila zayo zafundwa yisazi semvelo saseYurophu, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVI, kuchazwa kabanzi ngezimpawu zezimpawu zezwe laseSpain futhi kwahlukaniswa ngusosayensi wezitshalo waseValencian uStevius, owamnika igama lakhe.
Ngo-1931 Ososayensi baseFrance baqale ngokufunda ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amaqabunga e-stevia, okubandakanya iqembu lonke lama-glycosides, abizwa ngokuthi ama-steviosides nama-rebuadosides. Ubumnandi bunye balawa ma-glycosides buphakeme kayishumi kunobumnandi be-sucrose, kepha lapho sebedliwe, akukho ukukhuphuka kokuxineka koshukela egazini, okubaluleke kakhulu kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nesinenkinga yokukhuluphala.
Intshisakalo ku-stevia, njenge-sweetener yemvelo, yavela maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-sweeteners yokufakelwa eyayivame ngaleso sikhathi ishicilelwa.
Njengolunye uhlobo lwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali, kuhlongoziwe i-stevia. Amazwe amaningi ase-East Asia athatha lo mbono futhi aqala ukuhlakulela "utshani bezinyosi" futhi asebenzisa kabanzi i-steviazid ekukhiqizeni ukudla kusukela ngama-70s eminyaka edlule.
EJapan, le-sweetener yemvelo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni iziphuzo ezithambile, i-confectionery, futhi ithengiswa kwinethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kuleli lizwe kungenye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, kanti futhi nezinga lokukhuluphala kanye nesifo sikashukela liphakathi kwabaphansi.
Lokhu kukodwa kungasebenza, yize kungaqondile, njengobufakazi bezinzuzo ezidliwa yi-stevia glycosides.
Ukuzikhethela koshukela
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sibangelwa ukwephulwa kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, i-insulin ye-hormone iyayeka ukukhiqizwa emzimbeni, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kweglucose akunakwenzeka. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyakhula lapho i-insulin ikhiqizwa ngamanani anele, kepha izicubu zomzimba zingaphenduli kuwo, ushukela awusetshenziswe ngendlela yesikhathi, futhi negazi lakhe lihlala likhuphuka njalo.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukugcina inani likashukela egazini lisezingeni elijwayelekile, ngoba ukubangelwa kwalo ngokweqile kubangela izinqubo ze-pathological eziholela ekugcineni kwezifo zemithambo yegazi, izinzwa, amalungu, izinso nezitho zombono.
Ngohlobo 2 sikashukela, ukumunca ushukela kubangela ukuphendula kuma-insulin e-pancreatic β-cell of insulin. Kepha ngenxa yokungaxakwa kwezicubu kule hormone, ushukela awusetshenziswa, izinga lakhe esegazini alinciphi. Lokhu kubangela ukukhishwa okusha kwe-insulin, nakho okubuye kube yize.
Umsebenzi onjalo wamaseli e-b uwaxosha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kwehle kuze kufike lapho kumiswa ngokuphelele.
Ukudla kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kukukhawulela ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kokudla okuqukethe ushukela. Njengoba kunzima ukufeza izidingo eziqinile zalokhu kudla ngenxa yomkhuba wamazinyo omnandi, imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene engenawo ushukela isetshenziswa njengoshukela. Ngaphandle kokufakwa esikhundleni sikashukela okunjalo, iziguli eziningi zizoba sengozini yokudangala.
Kuma-sweeteners wemvelo ekudleni kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kusetshenziswa izinto zokunambitheka okumnandi, lapho kusetshenzelwa i-insulin emzimbeni. Lezi yi-fructose, i-xylitol, i-sorbitol kanye ne-stevia glycosides.
I-Fructose isondelene ne-sucrose ngenani le-calorific, inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukuthi icishe ibe kabili ushukela, ngakho ukwanelisa isidingo samaswidi idinga okuncane. I-Xylitol inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ingxenye yesithathu engaphansi kwe-sucrose, nokunambitheka okumnandi. ICalorie sorbitol ingaphezulu kuka-50% kunoshukela.
Kepha thayipha isifo sikashukela ezikhathini eziningi sihlanganiswa nokukhuluphala, futhi esinye sezinyathelo ezisiza ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo futhi siphinde sikuguqule ukwehlisa isisindo.
Ngokuqondene nalokhu, i-stevia ayilingani phakathi kwama-sweeteners wemvelo. Ubumnandi bawo buphakeme izikhathi ezingama-25-30 kunoshukela, futhi inani layo le-caloric empeleni zero. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto eziqukethwe ku-stevia, azigcini nje ukufaka ushukela ekudleni, kodwa futhi zibe nomphumela wokwelapha ekusebenzeni kwama-pancreas, zinciphise ukumelana ne-insulin, umfutho wegazi ophansi.
Okusho ukuthi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sweeteners ngokusekelwe ku-stevia kuvumela isiguli esinohlobo 2 sikashukela:
- Ungazibekeli umkhawulo kumaswidi, okuningi kuwo kufana nokugcina isimo sempilo esivamile ngokwengqondo.
- Ukugcina ukugcwala kwe-glucose esegazini kuyinto eyamukelekayo.
- Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kilojoule eyi-zero, i-stevia isiza ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwenani lekhalori futhi inciphise isisindo. Lesi yisinyathelo esisebenzayo sokulwa nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu ngokwemibandela yokuvuselelwa komzimba wonke.
- Ijwayele umfutho wegazi nge-hypertension.
Ngaphezu kwamalungiselelo asuselwa ku-stevia, ama-sweeteners okwenziwa nawo anokuqukethwe kwe-calorie eyi-zero. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuhlotshaniswa nengozi yemiphumela emibi, ekulingweni kwezivivinyo zomtholampilo, umphumela we-carcinogenic wabaningi babo wembulwa. Ngakho-ke, ama-sweeteners wokufakelwa awakwazi ukuqhathaniswa ne-stevia yemvelo, okubonakalise ukusebenziseka kwayo ngokusebenzisa iminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni.
I-Metabolic Syndrome neStevia
Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus ngokuvamile sithinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 abakhuluphele ngokweqile. Njengomthetho, lesi sifo asihambi sodwa, kodwa ngokuhlangana okuzinzile namanye ama-pathologies:
- Ukukhuluphala kwesisu, lapho ingxenye enkulu yesisindo samafutha ifakwa emgodini wesisu.
- I-Arterial hypertension (umfutho wegazi ophakeme).
- Ukuqala kwezimpawu zesifo senhliziyo.
Iphethini yale nhlanganisela yakhonjwa ososayensi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-80 yekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lesi simo se-pathological sibizwa nge- "quartet ebulalayo" (isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo senhliziyo) noma isifo se-metabolic. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kwe-metabolic syndrome yindlela yokuphila engenampilo.
Emazweni athuthukile, i-metabolic syndrome yenzeka cishe kuma-30% abantu abaneminyaka engama-40-50, futhi kuma-40% abahlali abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Lesi sifo singabizwa njengenye yezinkinga eziphambili zokwelashwa kwesintu. Isixazululo saso sincike kakhulu ekuqwashiseni kwabantu ngesidingo sokuhola impilo enempilo.
Enye yemigomo yokudla okufanele umbandela wokusetshenziswa kwama-carbohydrate "asheshe". Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi befika esiphethweni sokuthi ushukela uyingozi, ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokuxhaphaka kokukhuluphala, ama-caries, isifo sikashukela nezinkinga zako. Kepha, ngazi izingozi zikashukela, abantu abakwazi ukwenqaba amaswidi.
Ama-sweeteners asuselwa eStevia asiza ukuxazulula le nkinga. Bayakuvumela ukuba udle okumnandi, hhayi nje ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yakho, kodwa futhi nokubuyisela imetabolism, kuphazamiseka ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile koshukela.
Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi koswidi olususelwa ku-stevia kuhambisana nokwaziwa kweminye imithetho yendlela yokuphila enempilo kusiza ukunciphisa ukwanda kwesifo se-metabolic futhi kusindise izigidi zempilo kubabulali oyinhloko besikhathi sethu - "umugqa obulalayo". Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwalesi sitatimende, kwanele ukukhumbula isibonelo seJapan, ebilokhu isebenzisa i-steviazide njengenye indlela kashukela iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40.
Khipha amafomu nesicelo
I-Stevia sweeteners iyatholakala ngesimo se:
- Ukukhishwa okuwuketshezi kwe-stevia, okungangezwa ukunikeza ukunambitheka okumnandi kweziphuzo ezishisayo nezibandayo, i-khekhe yokubhaka, noma yiziphi izitsha ngaphambi nangemva kokulashwa kokushisa. Uma usebenzisa, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele umthamo onconyiwe, obalwa ngamaconsi.
- Amaphilisi noma i-powder equkethe i-stevioside. Imvamisa, ubumnandi bethebhulethi linye lilingana nethisipuni elilodwa loshukela. Kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuncibilikisa i-sweetener ngesimo se-powder noma amaphilisi, kulokhu, ukukhipha uketshezi kulungele ukusebenzisa.
- Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezomisiwe zizonke noma zisesimweni sokuchotshozwa. Leli fomu lisetshenziselwa ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions yamanzi. Imvamisa, amaqabunga e-stevia owomile aqhutshwa njengetiye elijwayelekile, egcizelela okungenani imizuzu eyi-10.
Izinhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo zivame ukutholakala kuthengiswa lapho i-stevioside ihlanganiswa khona namajusi wezithelo nemifino. Lapho uzithenga, kunconywa ukuthi unake konke okuqukethwe amakhalori, okuvame ukuthi kube phezulu kangangokuba lokhu kuqeda zonke izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-stevia.
Izincomo kanye contraindication
Naphezu kwazo zonke izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-stevia, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokweqile akwamukeleki. Kunconywa ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudonswa kwawo kathathu ngosuku kumthamo okhonjiswe kwimiyalo noma ekufakweni kwe-sweetener.
Kungcono ukuthatha ama-dessert neziphuzo nge-stevia ngemuva kokudla ama-carbohydrate ngenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi - imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu kanye ne-legumes. Kulokhu, ingxenye yobuchopho ebhekene nokugcwala izothola ingxenye yayo yama-carbohydrate ahamba kancane futhi ngeke ikhiphe amasiginali endlala, "akhohliswe" ubumnandi be-carbohydrate ngaphandle kwe-stevioside.
Ngenxa yokusabela okwenzeka kuyo yonke indawo, abesifazane abakhulelwe nabanezinwele kufanele bagweme i-stevia, futhi akunconywa ukuyinika izingane ezincane. Abantu abanezifo zesisu kudingeka bavumelanise i-stevia nodokotela wabo.
