Cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, i-analogue ye-insulin yabantu iqale ukwenziwa. Futhi kusukela lapho seyenziwe yathuthukiswa ukuze abanesifo sikashukela basebenzise izinhlobo ezihlukile ze-insulin ukugcina amazinga evamile kashukela, kuye ngendlela yabo yokuphila.
Njengoba wazi, i-insulin ikhona emzimbeni ngemuva futhi ikhiqizwa ama-pancreas ngemuva kokudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuphulwa kokusebenza kohlelo lwe-endocrine nokungabonakali kokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-insulin. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinga likashukela egazini lomuntu liyakhuphuka, lihlale liphezulu, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela kanye nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene.
Udokotela ubeka ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala futhi kwesinye isikhathi sesibili. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufakwa i-insulin emfushane, ephakathi noma eqhubeka isikhathi eside kwabanesifo sikashukela ngokusekelwe ezimweni zomzimba ngamunye. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-insulin kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngempilo yesiguli.
Imvamisa, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kwenziwa ngokuhlangana lapho isifo sikashukela sisebenza esifushane futhi sihlala isikhathi eside.
Ama-insulor enza into emfushane alingisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ukuphendula ama-carbohydrate angena emzimbeni, kuthi isikhathi eside lawo asebenze njenge-insulin engemuva.
I-insulin emfushane yesifo sikashukela
I-insulin efushane ingeniswa emzimbeni imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ngaphambi kokudla, ngemuva kwalokho umuntu onesifo sikashukela kumele adle. Ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-insulin, ukweqa ukudla akuvunyelwe. Isiguli sinquma isikhathi esiqondile ngazinye, sizogxila ezimfanelweni zomzimba, inkambo yesifo sikashukela kanye nendlela esetshenziswa ngayo ukudla.
Kubalulekile ukulandela yonke imithetho ebekwe udokotela oholayo, ngoba uhlobo olufushane lwe-insulin lunomsebenzi walo ophakeme, okufanele uhambisane nesikhathi sokwanda ushukela wegazi lesiguli ngemuva kokudla.
Kuyadingeka futhi ukwazi ukuthi umthamo wokudla odliwayo wawunjalo ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze umthamo wokulawulwa kwe-insulin ubalwe ngokuqinile futhi ungasinxephezela ngokuphelele ukusweleka kwe-hormone.
Ukuntuleka komthamo we-insulin kungaholela ekwenyukeni okubukhali koshukela wegazi, futhi umthamo omkhulu kakhulu, kunalokho, kunciphisa kakhulu ushukela wegazi. Zombili izinketho zesifo sikashukela azemukeleki, ngoba ziholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Ngokuvamile kunqunyelwa kwabanesifo sikashukela uma amazinga eglucose egazi labo enyuka ngemuva kokudla. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ziqonde ukuthi umphumela we-insulin omfushane mkhulu izikhathi eziningi kunesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwezinga loshukela ngemuva kokudla.
Ngalesi sizathu, abanesifo sikashukela kudingeka babe nokudla okungeziwe amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-insulin ukubuyisa izinga le-glucose kunejwayelekile futhi kuvikele ukukhula kwe-hypoglycemia.
Ungayithatha kanjani i-insulin esebenza ngokufushane
- Kungakhathalekile ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwe-insulin olusebenzayo olufushane, isiguli kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sikusebenzise ngaphambi kokudla okuyinhloko.
- I-insulin emfushane inomphumela omuhle kakhulu uma uthathwe ngomlomo, okuzuzisa kakhulu futhi kuphephe kakhulu kwisifo sikashukela.
- Ukuze umuthi ophuzekile umuntshiswe ngokulinganayo, akudingekile ukufaka indawo yomjovo ngaphambi kokufaka i-insulin emfushane.
- Umthamo we-insulin emfushane unqunywe ngokuhlukile. Kulokhu, abantu abadala bangangena kusuka kumayunithi angama-8 kuye kwangama-24 ngosuku, futhi izingane zingadluli kumayunithi angama-8 ngosuku.
Ukuze isiguli sikwazi ukubala ngokuzimela isilinganiso sangempela samahomoni alungiselelwe, kukhona umthetho okuthiwa yi-insulin omfushane. Umthamo owodwa we-insulin emfushane uqukethe umthamo obalwa ukuhlanganisa iyunithi yesinkwa kanye nomthamo ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Kulokhu, zombili izingxenye kufanele zilingane no-zero.
Isibonelo:
- Uma izinga likashukela wegazi esiswini esingenalutho kuyinto evamile, kulokhu ingxenye yesibili, okuhloswe ngayo ukwehlisa ushukela, izoba yi-zero. Inani lokuqala lizoncika ekutheni mangaki amayunithi esinkwa ahlelelwe ukuthi adliwe ngokudla.
- Uma izinga likashukela wegazi liphezulu esiswini esingenalutho futhi lilingana cishe ne-11.4 mmol / ilitha, kulokhu umthamo wokunciphisa ushukela uzoba amayunithi ama-2. Umthamo ubalwa kususelwa enanini lama-carbohydrate ahlelelwe ukuthi adliwe ngokudla, agxile ekuthambekeni.
- Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enomkhuhlane ngenxa yokubanda, uhlobo olufushane lwe-insulin luvame ukunikezwa kumthamo owenzelwe umkhuhlane omfishane. Amaphesenti ayishumi omthamo wansuku zonke amayunithi ama-4 kanye nomthamo weyunithi lesinkwa okufanele udliwe.
Izinhlobo ze-Insulin ezimfushane
Namuhla ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathola ukukhetha okubanzi kwama-insulin amafushane, kufaka phakathi:
- I-Actrapid MM;
- I-Humulin;
- I-Insuman Rapid;
- Okobuzwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lapho ukhetha i-insulin emfushane etholakala emanyangeni, kwesinye isikhathi, imiphumela emibi ingahle ibonwe ngenxa yokungafani komzimba womuntu.
Noma ngabe kukhethwe ini i-insulin, umthamo kumele ubukelwe njalo.
Kufanele usebenzise njalo irejimeni ejwayelekile yokuphatha i-insulin, ushintshe indawo yomjovo bese ulandela imithetho yokugcina nokusebenzisa i-insulin emfushane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ukukhuphula ushukela wegazi
Ushukela weziguli ungakhuphuka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enoshukela wegazi ongaphezu kwe-10 mmol / ilitha, ukuphatha okwengeziwe kwe-insulin emfushane kuyadingeka.
Ukuze kwenziwe kube lula ukuzulazula, kuye kwenziwa itafula elikhethekile leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, esibonisa umthamo odingekayo we-insulin ezinkomba ezithile zoshukela wegazi.
| Izinga loshukela wegazi, mmol / ilitha | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| Ukudonswa kwe-insulin | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Ngaphambi kokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunciphisa ushukela wegazi, udinga ukuhlaziya isizathu sokwanda koshukela wegazi. Awungehlise ngokushesha ushukela noshukela omningi. Ukweqiwa kwe-insulin kungalimaza impilo kuphela, kuholele ekwehleni okubukhali koshukela wegazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ushukela uzophinde ukhuphuke futhi isiguli sizokwazi ukweqa ushukela.
Uma izinga likashukela wegazi lingaphezulu kwe-16 mmol / ilitha, akudingekile ukwandisa umthamo ngaphezulu okhonjiswe etafuleni. Kunconywa ukwethula uhlobo olufushane lwe-insulin kumthamo wamayunithi ayi-7, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kwamahora amane, amanani eglucose ushukela kufanele alinganiswe futhi, uma kunesidingo, inani elincane le-hormone lingeziwe.
Uma amazinga kashukela wegazi ahlala ephakeme isikhathi eside, udinga ukubonana nodokotela futhi ahlole umchamo ukuze kutholakale imizimba ye-ketone. Ikakhulu, imichilo yokuhlola ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola i-acetone kumchamo we-Uriket. Ukuhlola ushukela kumchamo, kusetshenziswa imicu yokuhlola efanayo ye-Urrigluk.
Ukwethulwa kwe-insulin emfushane nge-acetone kumchamo
I-acetone kumchamo inganqwabelana lapho kunokuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni okusetshenziswayo, lapho amaseli ephelelwa amandla futhi asebenzisa amafutha njengamafutha.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kwamafutha emzimbeni, ukukhiqizwa kwezidumbu ze-ketone eziyingozi, ezibizwa nangokuthi i-acetone, kwenzeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, ushukela wegazi ungaphansi futhi uvame ukuwa ngaphansi kwezinga elibucayi.
Ngoshukela osezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokuba khona kwe-acetone emzimbeni, kunokuntuleka kwe-insulin egazini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele aphathe amanye amaphesenti angama-20 womthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin emfushane.
Uma amahora amathathu ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-hormone, izinga loshukela wegazi lihlala liphezulu futhi i-acetone iphakanyisiwe, kufanele uphinde inqubo ngemuva kwamahora amathathu.
Iqiniso ngukuthi i-acetone ibhubhisa ngokushesha i-insulin, ivimbe umphumela wayo emzimbeni. Uma kunokwehla kwe-glucose yegazi kuya ku-10-12 mmol / ilitha, kufanele ufake umthamo ofanele we-insulin futhi udle ama-carbohydrate asheshayo, ngemuva kwalokho isiguli sibuyela kancane kancane kwirejimeni yaso ejwayelekile. I-acetone ingahle ihlale emzimbeni isikhashana, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubheka izinga le-glucose egazini futhi lenze noshukela lube ngokwejwayelekile.
Ngokushisa okushisa
Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela enomkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-37,5 degrees, udinga ukukala ushukela wegazi futhi ngaphezu kwalokho wethule umthamo we-insulin emfushane. Kuyo yonke inkathi yezinguquko zokushisa, i-insulin kufanele iphathwe ngaphambi kokudla. Ngokwesilinganiso, umthamo kufanele unyuswe ngamaphesenti ayi-10.
Ngokukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba kuya kuma-degree angama-39 nangaphezulu, umthamo wansuku zonke we-insulin unyuka ngamaphesenti angama-20-25. Ngaso leso sikhathi, akukho mqondo wokufaka i-insulin ende, ngoba ibola ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphakeme.
Umthamo kufanele usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo usuku lonke futhi ulawulwe ngemuva kwamahora angama-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokhu, udinga ukudla kalula ama-carbohydrate angagayeki, kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba libuyele kokujwayelekile. Lapho i-acetone ivela kumchamo, kuyadingeka ukushintshela ekwelashweni kwe-insulin okuchazwe ngenhla.
Vocavoca I-Insulin Emfishane
Uma i-glucose yegazi ingaphezulu kuka-16 mmol / ilitha, okokuqala kudingeka ukwenza yonke imizamo ukwenza isimo somzimba sibe ngokwejwayelekile. Kungemva kwalokhu kuphela, ukuvunyelwa kokuzivocavoca umzimba kuvunyelwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni okubukhali koshukela wegazi.
Ngamazinga kashukela wegazi afinyelela ku-10 mmol / ilitha, imfundo yomzimba, kunalokho, isiza ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela emzimbeni. Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kungaholela ku-hypoglycemia. Uma ukusebenza komzimba kungokwesikhashana, kunconywa ukuthi ungashintshi umthamo we-insulin, kodwa ukudla izakhamzimba ezisheshayo njalo ngesigamu sehora.
Uma uhlela ukuvivinya umzimba isikhathi eside, i-insulin incishiswa ngamaphesenti ayi-10-50, kuye ngamandla nobude bamakilasi. Ngomzimba oqhubeka isikhathi eside, ngaphezu komzimba omfushane, i-insulin ende nayo iyancipha.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngemuva kokuzivocavoca, amazinga kashukela wegazi angakhuphuka kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ngalesi sizathu, udinga ukulungisa umthamo we-insulin ophathwe, kancane kancane ubuyela kuhlobo olujwayelekile lokudonswa kwama-hormone.
