Izinhlobo ze-hypercholesterolemia kanye nomphumela wazo ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo

I-Hypercholesterolemia empeleni ayisona isifo. Lesi yisifo lapho okuqukethwe lipid kwegazi kuphezulu.

Kungabonakala sengathi into enjalo ayiguli kahle, kodwa empeleni, uma ingekho impatho, imiphumela ingaba engalindeleki kakhulu. Kuyi-hypercholesterolemia okuvame ukuba imbangela yezinkinga zenhliziyo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amasistimu e-vascular destabilize, kanti ezinye izifo nezinkinga nazo zingacasulwa.

I-Atherossteosis ingenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ze-hypercholesterolemia, ngakho-ke ulwazi lwalesi sifo se-pathological luyadingeka. Lokhu kuzosiza hhayi kuphela ekuboneni nasekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwawo, kepha futhi nokukhetha ukwelashwa okufanelekile esimweni esithile.

Kuyini hypercholesterolemia?

I-Hypercholesterolemia ngumqondo wamaGrikhi osho ukuthi i-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi. Lo mkhuba awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuqonda okujwayelekile kwalesi sifo, kunalokho, yi-syndrome, okuyinto, nokho, eyingozi kakhulu kubantu.

Kuvame kakhulu engxenyeni yabesilisa futhi kungabanga ukugula okulandelayo:

• isifo sikashukela mellitus;
• inhliziyo ischemia;
• isifo se-gallstone;
• i-cholesterol deposits;
• isifo sokuqina kwemizwa;
• ngokweqile.

I-hypercholesterolemia ehlanzekile ingatholakala uma ilitha ngalinye le cholesterol yegazi liqukethe ama-200 mg noma ngaphezulu. Wabelwa ikhodi ka-mkb 10 - E78.0.

Ivelaphi i-cholesterol ngokweqile?

I-cholesterol iyinto efana namafutha, iningi lawo lahlanganiswa ngumzimba uqobo futhi yi-20% kuphela evela ekudleni. Kuyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwe-Vitamin D, ekudalweni kwezinto ezikhuthaza ukugaya ukudla kanye nokwakhiwa kwamahomoni.

Lapho kukhona i-hypercholesterolemia, umzimba awukwazi ukucubungula lonke inani lamafutha. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngokuhambisana nesizinda sokukhuluphala, lapho umuntu edla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi nokudla okunjalo kujwayelekile ekudleni.

Futhi, okweqile kwe-cholesterol kungabonakala ngezifo ezilandelayo nemisebenzi yomzimba engalungisiwe:

• isifo sesibindi
• i-hypothyroidism (umsebenzi we-thyroid ongazinzi);
• ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwemithi (ama-progestins, ama-steroid, ama-diuretics);
• ukungezwani kwemizwa nokucindezela;
• ushintsho ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal;
• nephrotic syndrome.

Esigabeni sokuqala, izimpawu azikho ngokuphelele, ziqapheleka kakhulu ngenkathi kuqhubeka ukugula. Kamuva, lokhu kuhumusha kube yizimpawu ezenzeka ku-hypertension noma isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, okugcina kwenzeka kakhulu ngalesi sifo.

Izinhlobo zesifo nokungafani kwazo

Le pathology ihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kwizizathu ezakhula.

Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezintathu zesifo, lezi yilezi:

• okuyisisekelo;
• okwesibili;
• amazentary.

Ifomu eliyinhloko alifundiswanga kangako, ngakho-ke namanje ayikho indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuqedwa kwalo. Kepha, ngokomqondo kaFredrickson, kuyifa futhi kungahle kuqhamuke maqondana nokuqhekeka kwezakhi zofuzo. Ifomu eli-homozygous ukwedlulisela lesi sifo kwengane kusuka kubo bobabili abazali, i-heterozygous - isakhi sofuzo esidlulisiwe sisuka komunye wabazali.

Kunezici ezi-3 ngaphezulu:

• i-lipoprotein enamaphutha;
• ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa yezicubu;
• ukwakheka okungenamaphutha kwama-enzymes wokuhamba.

Ifomu lesibili le-hypercholesterolemia livela linokuphazamiseka okuthile nama-pathologies emzimbeni, angafaka:

• i-endocrine;
• i-hepatic;
• izinso.

Ifomu lesithathu, i-alimentary, livela ngenxa yendlela engalungile, imikhuba emibi nokuntuleka kwemidlalo.

Izimbangela zayo zingaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• ukubhema
• ukuphuza ngokweqile;
• ukusetshenziswa njalo kokudla okunamafutha;
• izidakamizwa ze-narcotic;
• ukuntuleka komzimba;
• ukudla okungenamsoco ngezithasiselo zamakhemikhali.

Inkambo yangaphandle yefomu ngalinye inendawo efanayo, ngaphandle kokuboniswa kwangaphandle. Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwegazi uma izinga le-cholesterol lidlula i-5.18 mmol ilitha elilodwa.

Izici ze-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni

Izinhlobonhlobo zomndeni zokugula ziqala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi zihambisana nayo impilo yonke. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lwenzeka ngesimo esiyisisekelo, eselulama kakhulu ngokwedlule, sidluliselwa komunye wabazali (ifomu le-heterozygous) noma bobabili (i-homozygous).

Kokuhlukahluka kwe-heterozygous, yingxenye kuphela yama-B E receptors asebenza esigulini, futhi imvamisa yamacala ehlela umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-500. Kubantu abanjalo, i-cholesterol yegazi icishe iphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kunokujwayelekile, ifinyelela ku-9 kuye ku-12 mmol / ilitha.

Uhlobo olunqabile lwe-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni lunganqunywa uma:

• ama-cholesterol esters kuma-tendons, awenze abe mikhulu ngokubonakalayo;
• i-corneal lipid arch (ingahle ibonwe);
• i-cardiac ischemia (emadodeni ngemuva kwamashumi amane, kwabesifazane ngisho nangemva kwalokho).

Kuyadingeka ukwelapha lesi sifo kusukela ebuntwaneni, ukuqhuba i-prophylaxis nokulandela ukudla. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ngalezi zindlela empilweni yonke.

Izinkinga zenhliziyo ziqala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-20, zingelashwa ngomuthi, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukufakelwa kwesibindi.

Ngama-hypercholesterolemia we-homozygous womndeni, ukwephulwa akubonwa hhayi esifundeni se-tendon kuphela, kepha nasezinkalweni, emadolweni, emaphethelweni kanye nakulwabu lwama-mucous lomlomo wesibeletho.

Kuze kwaba nezimo zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezinonyaka owodwa nengxenye. Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinjenge-plasmapheresis noma i-plasmosorption.

Ukuvela kokuqala kwe-myocardial infarction kungakhuluma ngohlobo lokuthola ifa le-hypercholesterolemia, kanti izici ezinjengokukhuluphala kanye nesifo sikashukela azifakiwe.

Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo

I-Hypercholesterolemia iyindlela eqondile eya ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atherosulinosis, umehluko usekujuleni kwesikhashana, okuncike kumbangela we-pathology.

Nge-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni, ama-lipoprotein ahluleka ukuhlangana ne-cholesterol, ayithumela kusitho esithile esithile.

Ama-cholesterol plaque nawo avela, aholela ezinkingeni ezifana:

• izinkinga zenhliziyo;
• izinkinga emsebenzini wamathambo we-coronary;
• ukunikezwa kwegazi okungaphelele kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.

Konke lokhu kuholela kwezinye izifo, kepha kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthola i-myocardial infarction ngisho nasebuntwaneni. Amazinga we-cholesterol ahlotshaniswa nezifo ezingabonakala. Wonke amaqembu aphethwe yi-hypercholesterolemia anezinga lobungozi bomuntu siqu lezinkinga.

Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo

Akunakwenzeka ukuthola i-cholesterol ephezulu ngaphandle kwezifundo ezikhethekile futhi akunakuba nezimpawu ezibonisa ubukhona besifo se-pathological syndrome.

Imvamisa, abantu bafunda ngokuxilongwa lapho bexilongwa udokotela. Kunoma ikuphi, udinga ukuya esibhedlela ukuyothola izivivinyo eziningi zelebhu.

Lokhu kungafaka uhlu olujwayelekile lokuhlaziya:

• Imininingwane etholwe ngokuxoxisana nesiguli kanye nezikhalazo zayo mayelana nokuvezwa kwezimpawu, i-xanthelasma, njll;
• ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi;
• urinalysis;
• indlela yephrofayili ye-lipid;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kugonyelwe;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical;
• ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo.

Konke kuqala ngokuxoxisana ngesimo nesiguli, kufanele asho ngemizwa yakhe, ukubukeka kwesimo esisha esikhumbeni, kwenzeke isikhathi esingakanani, futhi futhi aphendule ngokweqiniso imibuzo eminingi kadokotela ohambele lo msebenzi. Yonke le mininingwane izodlala indima enkulu futhi, uma kuyiqiniso, kuzoba lula ukuqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlaziya nezikhalazo zesiguli.

Isibonelo, imibuzo izohlobana nokuthi wavela isikhathi esingakanani ama-xanthomas - iziqubu ezimhlophe ezinjalo ebusweni bethambo. Kungabonakala izindebe zeLipid zesigaxa, zimelela umugqa ojikeleze isigaxa seso, kufakwe i-cholesterol kuyo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukucaciswa kuqala ngokuthi yiziphi izifo isiguli ayenazo ngaphambili nokuthi abazali bakhe babenazo, yini amathuba okuxhumana nemvelo yokutheleleka, umsebenzi wesiguli.

Lapho uhlolwa ngokomzimba, ungathola isithombe esiphelele ngokwenziwa komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo kanye nezifundo ze-biochemical kungasiza ekuboneni i-foci yokuvuvukala okungenzeka nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ngokumelene nesizinda se-pathology. I-biochemistry yegazi izosiza ukuthola okuqukethwe ngqo kwe-cholesterol, amaprotheni, kanye nokuqhekeka kwezakhi emangqamuzaneni egazi, ukuqonda ukuthi izinhlelo nezinhlaka zingathinteka kanjani.

Olunye ucwaningo olubaluleke kakhulu yiphrofayili ye-lipid. Nguyena ongasiza ekusunguleni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherossteosis, ngenxa yokufunda kwe-lipids (impahla enjengamafutha).

I-Lipid ihlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• i-atherogenic (fat-like - imbangela atherossteosis);
• i-antiatherogenic (ukuvimbela i-atherosulinosis).

Okunye ukuxilongwa kudinga ukuhlaziywa kwe-immunological ukuthola izinga lokungazweli ezingxenyeni zamaprotheni egazi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukufakazela noma ukukhipha umthetho wokuba khona kwezifo, ngoba izingxenye zamaprotheni egazi zibhubhisa izinto zakwamanye amazwe, futhi uma kungekho msebenzi wazo, ama-bacterium angaphandle ayasebenza.

Isigaba sokugcina sokuxilonga sidinga ukuthatha izivivinyo ezivela ezihlotsheni ukuze siqonde kahle ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-hypercholesterolemia okusolwayo nokuthi iyini indima yenzalo ecaleni elithile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-pathology

I-Hypercholesterolemia ingalashwa kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile, kunezindlela zokunciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga ngaphandle kwemithi ethile.

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa

Le mithi elandelayo ingemithi yokulwa ne-pathology:

• Izimo (i-cholesterol ephansi, unciphise ukuvuvukala, ihlinzeke ukuvikela emikhunjini engangeneki, kepha ingaba yingozi esibindini, ngakho-ke umuthi awulungele izifo zalesi sitho);
• I-Ezetimibe (izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivimba ukumunwa kwe-cholesterol ngamangqamuzana, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo akukuphakeme ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi iningi le-cholesterol lakhiwa umzimba uqobo);
• Ama-fibrate (ukunciphisa ama-triglycerides futhi ngasikhathi sinye aphakamise ama-lipoprotein aphezulu);
• Ama-sequestrants (geza i-cholesterol evela kuma-acid anamafutha, kepha okususwayo ukuthi angathinta i-digestibility yokudla nokunambitha ama-buds).

Ezimweni ezinzima zesifo, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza igazi, kulawulwe ukwakheka kwalo kanye nezakhiwo zalo, ngoba lokhu kukhishwa ngaphandle komzimba.

Izinto zevidiyo ezivela kuDkt Malysheva mayelana ne-hypercholesterolemia yelifa:

Ungasilungisa kanjani isimo ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa?

Ukwelashwa okungeyona yezidakamizwa, isiguli okufanele sikwenze ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela okokuqala, nayo inendima ebalulekile.

Kufaka:

• ukugcina isisindo ngamazinga ajwayelekile;
• dosed ezemidlalo;
• ukwenqatshwa kwamafutha ezilwane;
• ukuyeka imikhuba emibi.

Kunemithi yesintu esiza ekulweni ne-hypercholesterolemia, kepha kumele futhi isetshenziswe ngemuva kwengxoxo nodokotela, ukuze ungazilimazi wena.