Ushukela Wegazi Obuhlungu - Ingozi Ebulalayo

I-glucose ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwama-carbohydrate omzimba.

Kodwa-ke, ukuphambuka kwezinga layo kusuka kokujwayelekile kungaholela ekufeni.

Imikhawulo eyamukelekayo kumuntu omdala ophile kahle ingamanani kusuka ku-3.2 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / L.

Izinga elibucayi likashukela egazini liqala ukubhekelwa lapho liba ngaphansi kuka-2.8 mmol / L noma ngaphezulu kuka-10 mmol / L.

Izindinganiso kashukela egazini

Emaqenjini ebudala obuhlukile, uhla lwezinkomba ezamukelekayo zeglucose egazini luhlukile. Isibonelo, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 bangathola izinkinga ngokusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi ngenxa yenqubo yemvelo yokuguga. Izinguquko zingabangelwa nokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka sineminyaka engu-30 noma ngaphezulu.

Kubantu abadala abanempilo nezingane

Umngcele wokujwayelekile ushukela owesilisa noma kowesilisa osekhulile uqala ngesikhombi esingu-3.2 futhi akumele wedlule ku-5.5 mmol / l esiswini esingenalutho.

Uma kuhlolwa isampula kusuka emithanjeni, kusuka ku-3.7 kuye ku-6.1 mmol / L.

Kumama abakhulelwe, ushukela ungakhuphuka kancane. Kulokhu, izinkomba kusuka ku-4.6 kuye ku-7.0 mmol / L zithathwa njengejwayelekile. Amanani aphezulu angakhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.

Ithebula lezinkomba ezijwayelekile ngeminyaka:

Iminyaka	Imvelo, mmol / l
Ngaphansi konyaka	2,7-4,4
Kusuka onyakeni owodwa kuya eminyakeni eyishumi nane	3,0-5,0
Uneminyaka eyishumi nane kuya kumashumi amahlanu	3,2-5,5
Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuya kumashumi ayisithupha	3,5-5,9
Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha	4,2-7,0

Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2

Esimweni lapho, ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwezinto eziqoqwe esiswini esingenalutho, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-glucose okungaphezulu kuka-7.0 mmol / l kutholakala, kaningi lokhu kukhombisa ubukhona be-prediabetes noma isifo sikashukela mellitus (DM).

Ngohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela, isilinganiso se-glucose siyehluka ngokuya ngezinto ezimbalwa:

• Ukulinganisa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho - kusuka ku-5.0 kuye ku-7.2 mmol / L.
• Izilinganiso imizuzu engama-60-120 ngemuva kokudla - ngaphansi kuka-10.0 mmol / L.
• I-Glycated hemoglobin - ngaphansi kuka-6.7 no-7 mmol / L.

Iyini ingozi yokudlula izinkomba ezivumelekile

Umzimba onempilo udinga i-glucose enani elithile nsuku zonke. Iningi layo livela ngaphandle lisebenzisa ukudla.

I-glucose ibalulekile ekuhlinzekeni amaseli emisipha, amathambo nobuchopho ngokudla okunempilo.

Ngokwanda kokuqukethwe ushukela, lezi zinqubo ziyaphazamiseka futhi umzimba uphela kancane kancane ukusebenza kwawo.

I-glucose engasebenzi kahle ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili:

1. i-hypoglycemia (inani eliphansi);
2. i-hyperglycemia (inani eliphakeme).

Ukweqiwa kwamanani okwamukelekayo kungathinta kabi impilo, ukuqala kwe-hyperglycemic coma kubhekwa njengomunye wemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ushukela ophakeme uyingozi ngalezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthuthuka okungenzeka kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kuhlangene ne-ketoacidosis ekuxilongeni isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin. Lesi simo sisongela impilo.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus (uma kungakaze kutholakale ngaphambili).
• Lapho kutholakala isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kanye nokungabikho kwe-ketoacidosis, ukuqothuka okukodwa nje komzimba kungarekhodwa. Lesi simo sisongela impilo.
• Isifo sikashukela esibi, kunethuba lokuthuthukisa i-ketoacidotic coma.

Imaphi amazinga kashukela wegazi abhekwa njengabucayi, osongela impilo, futhi obulalayo

Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, inkomba kashukela wegazi ongaphezulu kwe-10 mmol / L ibalulekile kubantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile ukungavumeli ukwanda kwaleli nani, uma kungenjalo umuntu usongelwa ngokwakhiwa kwe-hyperglycemia, okuyiyona eyingozi.

Usongo lwempilo lungabhekwa njengezibalo zeshukela kusuka ku-13 kuya ku-17 mmol / L, ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe yi-acetone egazini lokunyuka kwesifo sikashukela kanye nokwanda ketoacidosis.

Kungaholela ekwehlekeni ngokushesha komthwalo osindayo enhliziyweni nasezinso.

Izinkomba ze-glucose, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinzima kungenzeka:

• I-Hyperglycemia - kwenzeka ngokwenyuka kwamanani angaphezu kuka-10 mmol / L.
• I-Precoma - ibonwa kusuka ku-13 mmol / L.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hyperglycemic coma - kuvela ku-15 mmol / L.
• I-ketoacidotic coma - ikhula ngo-28 mmol / L.
• I-Hyperosmolar coma - ibonwa ngamanani asuka ku-55 mmol / L.

Amanani angenhla acishe acatshangelwe, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga kubhekwa njengento eyodwa ngakunye. Ngakho-ke, kokunye, i-hyperglycemia ingabhekwa nezinkomba kusuka ku-11 kuye ku-12 mmol / L, nakwabanye kusukela ngo-17 mmol / L.

Ubungako besimo abuyi kuphela ekugxileni kashukela egazini, kepha futhi ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela olubekezelwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngefomu elithembela i-insulin, isandiso sokuqokelelwa ngokushesha kwamazinga we-acetone siyabonakala, okunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-ketoacidosis. Kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo II, ushukela omningi awudabukisi isimo esifanayo, kepha ubangela ukomisa, obeka engcupheni impilo.

Lapho ubheka amanani eglucose kusuka ku-28 kuye ku-30 ​​mmol / l kumuntu, i-ketoacidotic coma cishe ingaqala. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwamuva, isifo esithathelwanayo, noma ngenxa yokulimala okungathi sína. I-Coma iba kancane kancane, Izimpawu zayo zimi kanje:

• Ukuchama kaningi. Inani lomchamo lingafinyelela kumalitha ama-3 ngosuku. Lesi sibonakaliso sichazwa iqiniso lokuthi umzimba uzama ukususa iningi le-acetone ngomchamo.
• Isicanucanu esihambisana nokuhlanza.
• Ukwanda kwesibalo nokuntuleka kwamandla.
• Umoya we-acetone.
• Ukopha ngokweqile ngenxa yokuchama ngokweqile.
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngenxa yokuqhuma kokuphefumula nokuqina.
• Ukomiswa okwandayo kwesikhumba nokuqhekeka nokuxhuma okuhambisana nakho.

Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo koshukela, i-hyperosmolar coma izoqala ukuthuthuka, ebonakala ngendlela yezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuchama kaningi. Inani loketshezi elihoxisiwe lide lifike kumalitha ayi-12 ngosuku.
• Okuqukethwe ushukela kumchamo kukhuphukela kuma-250 mmol / L.
• Ukulahleka kokuqina kwesikhumba.
• Ushukela wegazi ufinyelela ku-55 mmol / L.
• Ukwanda kokubonakala kwegazi.
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha.
• Yehlisa ithoni yezimpawu zamehlo.
• Ukwakheka kweziqalo zegazi emithanjeni.
• I-pancreatitis
• Ukulahleka kwe-potassium, i-magnesium, i-sodium ne-calcium ngumzimba.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Ukushisa komzimba okuphansi.
• Ukwehluleka kwangempela

Amazinga kashukela aphansi nawo ayithinta kabi impilo.

Kunezizathu ezingavusa ukukhula kwe-hypoglycemia, zifaka ukusetshenziswa komthamo we-insulin ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwawo.

Isimo esifanayo singabonakala kwabanesifo sikashukela sanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukubonakaliswa kwayo kuwuphawu ebuntwaneni ebusuku noma ekuseni. Izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia zifaka:

• Kukhulisa umjuluko.
• Ukwanda kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuziphatha okucasulayo.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukukhathazeka.
• Ukuthuthumela emzimbeni wonke.
• Umuzwa oqhubekayo wendlala.
• Ukulimazeka kwenkulumo.
• Ukucwaswa kwesikhumba.
• Imisipha emilenzeni nasezingalweni.
• Ubuthakathaka.
• Umbono ophindwe kabili kanye nokunye ukulimaza okubukwayo.
• Umuzwa ongapheli wokukhathazeka.
• Ukudideka esikhaleni.
• Ubuhlungu ekhanda.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukwehluleka ukucabanga.
• Ukulimala okungahambi kahle.

Ukuvela kwesimo esinjalo kudinga nokuthi kungeniswe esibhedlela esiphuthumayo ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene ezingakhuphula ushukela emzimbeni ngesikhathi esifushane.

Izinga elingaphansi kuka-2.8 mmol / L kwezokwelapha libhekwa njenge-hypoglycemia. Kodwa-ke, leli nani lingabhekwa kuphela kubantu abaphilile, ngoba kwabanesifo sikashukela lesi sikhombisi singabulala.

Ushukela wegazi ophakeme - indlela yokwehla

Usizo lokuqala lwezimpawu zokuqala zokuthuthuka kwe-hyperglycemic coma (isicanucanu, ukuqwasha, ukuhlanza), ukuphathwa okuvame ukwenzeka kwe-insulin ye-hormone ebamba okwesikhashana kukhonjisiwe.

Inqubo ekhaya ingenziwa kabili, uma umphumela ungekho, kufanele ushayele i-ambulense ngokuphuthumayo. Ngokuncipha okuphumelelayo kweglucose, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-carbohydrate yokugaya.

Uma kunesifiso sokuhlanza, kufanele uphuze itiye elimnandi.

Umthamo odingekayo ubalwa ngokuya ngokuba khona kwe-acetone egazini. Indlela elula yokulungisa ukungeniswa okwengeziwe kwe-1 unit ye-insulin ecaleni lapho ukuqina koshukela kukhuphuka ngamamilimitha angama-1.5-2,5. Uma i-acetone itholakele egazini, khona-ke isilinganiso kufanele siphindwe kabili.

Wonke umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele alandele imithetho eminingana ukugwema ukwanda oshukela okubabazekayo noma ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa komdlandla:

• Phatha ilungiselelo le-glucose nawe.
• Gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo nenempilo, kubandakanya nokuvivinya umzimba njalo.
• Ungadli ama-carbohydrate asheshayo ukugaya esimeni esigxilile.
• Nqaba i-nicotine notshwala.
• Ukwazi ukubala inani le-insulin ngokwakho.
• Iba ne-glucometer ekhaya.
• Gada uhlobo kanye nomthamo we-insulin, amanani eglucose.

Izindlela Zokukhulelwa Eziphezulu Zokukhulelwa

Uma izinkomba zikashukela ezingejwayelekile zitholakala kumama okhulelwe, singakhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lomzimba kuye. Lesi simo, njengomthetho, siyanyamalala ngemuva kokubeletha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi singaphenduka isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Iziphakamiso zokulwa noshukela ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:

• Ukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo. Kulokhu, ezemidlalo azikwazi ukuhanjiswa, kepha, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukuqeqeshwa ngeke kusize kuphela ukuqeda ushukela wegazi owedlulele, kodwa futhi kusheshise imetabolism, kuthuthukise isimo somzimba futhi kushise amakhalori awengeziwe.
• Khipha i-carbohydrate esheshayo ekudleni bese ushintshela ekudleni okusungulwe kahle, okungasizwa yi-dietitian.
• Imijovo ye-Insulin. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela isetshenziswa kuphela esimweni lapho isidlo nokuqeqeshwa okusunguliwe kungalethanga umphumela oyifunayo.

Lapho welapha nge-insulin, kubalulekile ukubheka ushukela wegazi lakho. Kunganqunywa hhayi esibhedlela kuphela, kepha nasekhaya ngosizo lwedivaysi - i-glucometer. Inqubo yenziwa kaningana ngosuku futhi imininingwane etholakele izodinga ukuqoshwa ukuze ibonise udokotela lapho esamukela.

Ukwanda noma ukwehla okuthe xaxa koshukela egazini kuyisimo esisongela impilo. Kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwabanesifo sikashukela, abahlushwa ukuguquguquka okujwayelekile kwesinkomba. Kungakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu kubo ukuthi baqaphe izinga loshukela balimise ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi.