Lapho wenza ukuhlaziya okuhlukahlukene kwamasampula egazi athathwe esigulini, kusetshenziswa indlela yokulinganisa okuqukethwe kwento esegazini lonke noma i-plasma yayo.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani sidinga amasampula amaningi athathwe esigulini esinesifo sikashukela esisolisayo, kufanele wazi ukuthi le miqondo ihluka kanjani, futhi yini isilinganiselo se-plasma glucose.
I-Serum, iplasma kanye negazi lonke: izincazelo kanye nokungafani
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuyadingeka ukucubungula kafushane ukwakheka kwegazi lomuntu.
Okokuqala, kufanele uqonde ukuthi igazi aliyona nje uketshezi. “Izicubu eziwuketshezi” ezikhethekile futhi ziqukethe, njengamanye izicubu zamangqamuzana nezinto ezitholakala emzimbeni.
Amaseli wegazi yi-erythrocyte, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi namaplatelethi aziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, abhekene ngqo nemisebenzi yezokuhamba, amasosha omzimba nokuqedwa kokopha lapho kulimala.
Umuthi we-interellular wegazi lomuntu ubizwa ngokuthi yi-plasma. Kungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 amanzi. Izinsalela - izinto ezincibilikisiwe emanzini - zombili eziphilayo nezingenakubonwa ngokwemvelo, yomibili imikhiqizo enomsoco nechithekayo yamangqamuzana.
I-plasma lapho lawo maseli asuswa khona ibukeka njengoketshezi osobala uma igazi lithathwe esiswini esingenalutho. Uma impahla ithathwe ngemuva kokudla, i-plasma izobe inamafu kusuka ekukhuphukeni kokuqukethwe kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinto ezikhona.
Amashubhu e-plasma wegazi
Ukuthola i-plasma yegazi, kwanele ukuma kuyishubhu yokuhlola. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya kwamandla adonsela phansi, amaseli egazi ayohlala phansi, kuthi i-plasma - fluid fluid - ibekwe ngaphezulu.
I-serum yegazi empeleni, iyiplasma efanayo, kodwa ilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi uketshezi lwegazi olune-cellularular ngamanani amakhulu ngokwaneleyo liqukethe i-enzyme fibrinogen, esebenzisana namaplatelet.
Ngenxa yaleli protein, igazi eliku-tube test lihlangana ngokushesha, lakha i-platelet-fibrin.
I-Whey yamahhala yamaphrotheni igcinwa isikhathi eside; kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisela ukuhlaziya okuningi nokuhlolwa kwelebhu. Kodwa-ke, ekuzimiseleni okunembile kakhulu kwenani le-glucose, i-WHO itusa ukungasebenzisi i-serum, kepha i-plasma.
Ingabe ukugcotshwa koshukela ku-plasma ye-venous ne-capillary yegazi kuhlukile?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lonke kungakhombisa imiphumela enganembili.Kukhona ukusabalala futhi ngezindlela eziningi ukwahlulela kweqiniso ngokunemba okukhulu kokuhlolwa kwegazi okuthathwe emthanjeni, okuhlobene nokuhlolwa ngomunwe.
Iqiniso ngukuthi lapho ukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo, ezivame ukwenziwa kuthathwe kalula, ukuhlaziya kwenziwa ngegazi. Uma isampula lalithathwe emthanjeni, i-plasma ihlukaniswa namaseli egazi, futhi kuhlaziywa ushukela kulo.
Futhi ukuhlaziywa okunjalo kuzohlala kunembe kakhudlwana futhi kunokwethenjelwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ucwaningo oluthile lukhombisa - uma kunesidingo sokuthola izinga loshukela emzimbeni esiswini esingenalutho, umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlela ezimbili mncane.
Ukulungiselela okulungile kwesiguli kuphela ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyadingeka. Kodwa izinkomba ngemuva nangemva kwamahora amabili ngemuva kokudla, kanye nokuhlolwa okukhethekile okudinga ukuthi isiguli sithathe isiraphu sikashukela ngaphambi kwesikhathi, sinembe kakhulu ngeplasma yegazi.
Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni, imvamisa kude nezimo ezinhle zokuhlolwa kwelebhu, kuvela ukuthi indlela yokuqala ibonisa umphumela ongathandeki.
Umehluko osobala phakathi kokuhlolwa kwegazi lonke kanye nendlela yokuthola ukunakekelwa koshukela we-plasma kungaphakathi kwe-12%.
Ithebula lokuhlangana kwe-glucose egazini lonke neplasma
Kunamatafula asizayo akhethekile akuvumela ukuthi uphinde ulandise imiphumela ngendlela efanelekile. Kuyiqiniso, ukunemba kwemininingwane ngamaphesenti ayikhulu ngaphandle kombuzo, kepha ukuthembeka okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinkomba ze-glucose akuvamile okufunwa yiziguli.
Futhi kudokotela ohambelayo, imvamisa akuyona neze inkomba ehlukile ebaluleke kakhulu, kepha amandla - ushintsho ekuhlushwa ushukela ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okunikezwe isiguli.
Idatha yesampula ingatholakala ku-thebula elingezansi:
| Igazi eliphelele (CK) | I-Plasma (P) | IKomidi Elikhulu | P | IKomidi Elikhulu | P | IKomidi Elikhulu | P |
| 1 | 1,12 | 8,5 | 9,52 | 16 | 17,92 | 23,5 | 26,32 |
| 1,5 | 1,68 | 9 | 10,08 | 16,5 | 18,48 | 24 | 26,88 |
| 2 | 2,24 | 9,5 | 10,64 | 17 | 19,04 | 24,5 | 27,44 |
| 2,5 | 2,8 | 10 | 11,2 | 17,5 | 19,6 | 25 | 28 |
| 3 | 3,36 | 10,5 | 11,46 | 18 | 20,16 | 25,5 | 28,56 |
| 3,5 | 3,92 | 11 | 12,32 | 18,5 | 20,72 | 26 | 29,12 |
| 4 | 4,48 | 11,5 | 12,88 | 19 | 21,28 | 26,5 | 29,68 |
| 4,5 | 5,04 | 12 | 13,44 | 19,5 | 21,84 | 27 | 30,24 |
| 5 | 5,6 | 12,5 | 14 | 20 | 22,4 | 27,5 | 30,8 |
| 5,5 | 6,16 | 13 | 14,26 | 20,5 | 22,96 | 28 | 31,36 |
| 6 | 6,72 | 13,5 | 15,12 | 21 | 23,52 | 28,5 | 31,92 |
| 6,5 | 7,28 | 14 | 15,68 | 21,5 | 24,08 | 29 | 32,48 |
| 7 | 7,84 | 14,5 | 16,24 | 22 | 24,64 | 29,5 | 33,04 |
| 7,5 | 8,4 | 15 | 16,8 | 22,5 | 25,2 | 30 | 33,6 |
| 8 | 8,96 | 15,5 | 17,36 | 23 | 25,76 | 30,5 | 34,16 |
Kuyiqiniso, izici eziningi zithinta isilinganiso sezinkomba, eziningi zazo okungenakwenzeka ukuthi zinakeke. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokulondolozwa kwamasampula kusuka kumasampula kuya ekuhlaziyeni, izinga lokushisa elisekamelweni, ubumsulwa besampula - konke lokhu kungandisa futhi kubukele phansi izinkomba kanye nesilinganiso sazo.
Ukusheshisa isilinganiso se-plasma ushukela ngeminyaka
Phambilini, iziguli zabantu abadala bezingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amancane, futhi amazinga ashukela ayebekwa ngokufanayo kunoma yimuphi unyaka - aze afike ku-5.5 mmol.
Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, abaningi be-endocrinologists babuyekeze isimo sabo kule nkinga.
Ngempela, njengoba iminyaka ikhula, ngisho nakumuntu ophilile, ukukhiqizwa kwawo wonke ama-hormone, kufaka phakathi i-insulin, kuyancipha. Ngakho-ke, amazinga wobudala bamazinga kashukela ayakhiwa. Iziguli zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili zezingane kanye nezigaba ezintathu zabantu abadala.
Owokuqala yizingane ezisanda kuzalwa, kusukela lapho zizalwa ziya eminyakeni yobudala bunye. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile uma inkomba igcinwa kububanzi obungu-2.8-4.4 mmol. Leli inani elincane kakhulu elijwayelekile phakathi kwazo zonke izigaba zeziguli.
Iqembu lesibili - izingane ezisukela enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwengu-14 ubudala.
Kulesi sigaba ekukhuleni komzimba womuntu, amazinga e-glucose ezinganeni asebangeni lika-3.3-5.6 mmol.
Kuseminyakeni enjalo lapho ukuhlakazeka okukhulu kakhulu kwezinkomba ezijwayelekile kutholakala. Ekugcineni, kusuka eminyakeni eyi-14 kuye kwengama-60, okujwayelekile kungukuqukethwe kashukela ebangeni kusuka ku-4.1 kuye ku-5.9 mmol. Izinkomba zikashukela ngalesi sikhathi zincike kakhulu kubulili, kanye nesimo somzimba.
Iziguli zeqembu elidala ngokobudala zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili ngokwesigaba sikashukela wegazi. Ukusuka eminyakeni engama-60 kuye kufinyelela ingqophamlando yeminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, amazinga kashukela phakathi kuka-4,6 no-6.4 mmol awathathwa njengesifo.
Futhi abantu abadala kunale minyaka bangazizwa bejwayelekile futhi bangayitholi imiphumela elimazayo ye-glucose eyeqile ngamanani afinyelela ku-6.7 mmol.
Izizathu zokuphambuka kokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela zivela kokujwayelekile
Ukuphambuka ezinkomba ezamukelekayo ezijwayelekile akuyona ngaso sonke isikhathi uphawu lwasiphi isifo esibi, kepha kudinga ukunakwa kochwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke, amazinga aphezulu we-glucose angakhombisa hhayi kuphela ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes, kodwa nezinye izifo.
Ikakhulu, ukuphazamiseka okuningi kohlelo lwe-endocrine: i-acomegaly, i-Cushing's syndrome, ezinye izindlela ze-thyrotooticosis, glucomanoma, kanye ne-pheochromocytoma - kuholela ekwandeni kokugcotshwa kwe-glucose egazini.
Isibonakaliso esifanayo sibuye sibhekelele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-pancreatitis, i-hemochromatosis, izifo eziningana zesibindi nezinso esigabeni esingamahlalakhona. Ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo, okubonakaliswa ukwehla okubukhali futhi okubalulekile kwe-myocardial contractility, kuhambisane nokukhuphuka kweglucose.
Ukwanda ushukela kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezinqubo ze-pathological emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela, ukukhathala kwemizwa, kanye nokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba ezimweni ezithile kungakhuphula ushukela wegazi.
Amanani ancishisiwe nawo angaba wumphumela wokuthuthuka kwezifo. Ngakho-ke, okuyingozi kunazo zonke yilezi:
- i-oncology;
- i-pancreatic hyperplasia;
- ukwehluleka kwesibindi okunzima.
Ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-glucose emgodini wokugaya kanye ne-glycogenosis nakho kunganciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe ushukela. Ukuphuza utshwala okuvama, ukusebenza ngokweqile okungapheli, ezemidlalo ezisebenzayo kuholela kumphumela ofanayo.
I-Hypoglycemia ingaba yingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthatha umthamo ongafanele wezidakamizwa ezonciphisa ushukela kanye ne-insulin. Ezimweni ezithile, lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi ezigulini, ngenxa yalokho kuyadingeka ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokwelapha ezinqunywe uchwepheshe.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana namazinga we-serum glucose kuvidiyo:
Ngokuvamile, ukuthola izinkomba ze-plasma glucose ngukuhlaziywa kweLabhoratri okunembe kakhulu kunamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqapha kwamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwegazi le-capillary kuhlolisiswa ngenxa yokulula kwayo nokuphatheka kancanyana.
