Isifo sikashukela senzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwento ekhethekile emzimbeni - i-insulin. Isifo sikashukela esinganakiwe noma esingalashwa sibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo eziningi ze-pathological.
Ukweqiwa koshukela egazini isimo esiyisisekelo sezinkinga zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sokuqala, esivame ukutholwa ezinganeni nakubantu abasha.
Zenzeka nini izinkinga zesifo sikashukela?
Ngesifo sohlobo 1, umzimba wesiguli untula i-insulin eyinhlekelele, ngoba amasosha omzimba abhubhisa amaseli akhethekile e-beta ahlanganisa lolu hlobo lwe-hormone.
Isizathu salokhu "kuziphatha" okungalungile kokungazivezi isimo sofuzo.
Lapho inani lamaseli afile lifinyelela inani eliphakeme lawo (80-90%), ukuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin kucishe kuyeke, bese kuthi glucose iqale ukunqwabelana egazini esikhundleni sokuxakwe amaseli izicubu.
Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, kuphakama izifo ezihlukene zesifo sikashukela: umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukulimala kwemithambo ye-capillary nezinzwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukungabi namandla kukhula emadodeni onesifo sikashukela, futhi abesifazane banezinkinga zokukhulelwa.
Izinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1
Ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kuholela ebangeni lonke lezinkinga.
Ubukhali
Izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu eziphuma phambili zibandakanya:
- ketoacidosis. Isimo esiyingozi kakhulu, esibonakaliswa ukunqwabelana okuphezulu kwe-acetone (noma imizimba ye-ketone) egazini lesiguli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba onesifo sikashukela awunayo i-insulin eyanele, ngakho-ke amandla. Ngemuva kwalokho uqala ukudiliza amafutha atholakala ngumzimba ngosizo lwemizimba ye-ketone. Inani labo kwinqubo yokusabela kwe-metabolic le likhula njalo. I-Acetone, njengomkhiqizo owenziwe ngomkhiqizo, yonakalisa umzimba futhi iholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Njengoba imizimba ye-ketone ingenakungena esitokisini ngaphandle kosizo lwe-insulin, ikhishwa ngokusebenzisa izinso. Lesi sifo sibonisa isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (ulutsha);
- hypoglycemia. Ikhula ngokumelene nesizinda sokwehla okubukhali kwenani le-glucose egazini (cishe i-3 Mmol / L noma ngaphansi). Kuvela ngenxa yezizathu eziningi: ubunzima obukhulu bomzimba, ukwethulwa komthamo omkhulu we-insulin, ukuntuleka kwama-carbohydrate ekudleni, njll. Kubukeka njengendlala nobuthakathaka, ukukhuphuka kokujuluka nokubona okufiphalisiwe, ikhanda. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, kuquleka futhi kudaleke ukoma;
- i-hyperosmolar coma. Le nkinga yenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda se-hyperglycemia futhi ibonakala ngokuphelelwa ngamandla kwezicubu. Iqiniso ngukuthi umzimba uzama "ukudambisa" ushukela ophezulu ngokuthatha uketshezi kusuka kumaseli bese ukubuyisela egazini. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba ne-hypohydration yamaseli obuchopho, ukuhamba kwegazi okujwayelekile kwehlisa ijubane, futhi isiguli singalahlekelwa ukwazi. I-Pathology esiteji sokuqala ibonakaliswa ngesimo sokoma okungapheli futhi okukhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-diuresis iyabonakala. I-Polyuria kancane kancane ithathelwa indawo ukuphuma kokuchama ngokuphelele;
- i-lactic acidotic coma. Ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin, i-pyruvic acid iqongelela egazini. Ukweqisa kwayo kubangela ukwanda kokuhlanganiswa kwe-lactic acid. Izimpawu: gxuma ekucindezelweni kwegazi, ukwazi okungapheli, ubunzima bokuchama kanye nokwehluleka kokuphefumula.
Kamuva
Lona kanye igama lezinkinga libonisa ukuthi lithuthuka kancane (kufinyelela eminyakeni eminingana). Futhi lokhu kuyingozi yakhe. Lesi sifo kancane kancane (ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezinzima) senza impilo ibe nzima, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukwelapha izinkinga ezinjalo.
Izinkinga zangesikhathi esizayo zifaka:
- angiopathy. Kulokhu, ukuvunyelwa kwemithambo yokwephulwa. Njengomphumela, ifomu le-atherosclerosis plaques, i-thrombosis iyakhula;
- i-retinopathy. I-fundus iyahlupheka, ama-retina exfoliates, ukucaca kombono kuyancipha, bese kukhula izibuko. Lokhu kusongela isiguli ngokulahlekelwa umbono. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi isifo sikashukela sibhekwe njalo ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Njenganoma yikuphi ukuxubana kwesifo sikashukela sekwephuzile, ukonakala kwe-retinal kanye nokunye ukulimala kwamehlo kuqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokonakala okubonakalayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi isifo sikashukela sigcine ushukela wegazi ulawulwa ngaso sonke isikhathi;
- i-polyneuropathy. Kubonakaliswa ukunganakwa kobuhlungu, ukushuba kwesibindi. Imilenze izizwa ifudumele noma ivutha. Isizathu salokhu kungukulimala kwemithambo yegazi emincane ekondla imicu yezinzwa. I-polyneuropathy ingathinta noma yisiphi isitho futhi ivele kunoma yisiphi isigaba. Kodwa-ke, uma isikhathi eside unesifo sikashukela, ingozi iba ngaphezulu. Izinzwa ezilimele azikwazi ukubuyiselwa, kepha ukubhujiswa kwazo okuqhubekayo kungavinjelwa;
- unyawo lwesifo sikashukela. Kungakhula kunoma yisiphi isifo sikashukela. Izimpawu: amathumba nezilonda ziyavela ezinyaweni. Ukungakwazi ukungena emilenzeni kuyingozi ngoba ukusikeka noma izihlakala kungenzeka kungabonakali ngesikhathi, okuzovumela ukutheleleka ukuthi kusabalale emzimbeni wonke. Le nkinga ivame ukuholela ekunqunyweni kwesitho esithintekile.
Okungapheli
Lolu hlobo lokubandakanyeka luhambisana nenkambo yesifo sikashukela esivele sikhona. Noma isiguli silandela konke ukunconywa kwezokwelapha, isifo sikashukela siyaqhubeka nomzimba wakhe. Lesi sifo isikhathi eside siguqula ukwakheka kwegazi, sibange izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Okokuqala ukuhlupheka:
- izinso. Isifo sikashukela sesikhathi eside siholela ekwehlulekeni kwezinso;
- izitsha. Ukudlula kwabo kuyancipha, izindonga ziba mncane kakhulu, futhi ukuqina kokuqina kuyanda. Imikhumbi ethintekile (enezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu) yondla kabi inhliziyo, okuholela ku-pathologies yayo;
- isikhumba. Njengoba ukunikezwa kwegazi ezicutshini zesikhumba nakho kuphazamisekile kushukela, kuye kwenzeka izilonda ezisesithombeni, eziba ngumthombo wokutheleleka okuhlukahlukene;
- uhlelo lwezinzwa. Ukwehlulwa kwaso kushukela kubonakaliswa ikakhulu ekungazingeni kwamalunga. Isiguli sinobuhlungu ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, kwesinye isikhathi ukwehluleka ohlelweni lwezinzwa kufaka nokukhubazeka komzimba.
Imiphumela ethile yesifo sikashukela ezinganeni
Izingane zivame ukuhlushwa uhlobo lwentsha ye-pathology. Ikhula emzimbeni wengane ngokushesha okukhulu, uma ungaqali ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma iminyaka yobudala yomntwana incipha, iba nzima kakhulu izimpawu zesifo.
I-insulin emzimbeni iba negligible, ngoba ama-pancreas ezinganeni akakhiwa ngokuphelele, ushukela uqongelela izicubu, futhi amangqamuzana awakutholi umsoco ofanele. I-metabolism ithinta kabi uhlelo lwezinzwa oluxegayo.
Esigabeni sokuqala, ingane ingahlangabezana nokwehluka okukhulu kumanani kashukela egazini phakathi nosuku, okuyingozi ekhefeni. Uma lesi sifo sesiqaliwe, ingane izoba nokubambezeleka kokukhula nokukhula kwengqondo.
Nalu uhlu olufushane lwezinkinga zobuntwana zesifo sikashukela:
- isifo senhliziyo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ubungozi be-angina pectoris buyanda. Ngisho nasezinganeni, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi kungenzeka, futhi isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi sikhula, yize lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka;
- i-neuropathy. Iziguli ezincane zizwa ukudonsa noma ukushuba emilenzeni;
- isikhumba esimpofu esithintwe isikhunta namagciwane;
- uma ingane inamaphaphu obuthakathaka, isifo sofuba kungenzeka sikhule;
- amathambo acijile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaminerali. I-Osteoporosis ingazalwa ngenxa yezinkinga zokukhula kwe-intrauterine noma ezitholwe, ngokwesibonelo, njengomphumela wokuphakelwa kokufakelwa.
Le yimiphumela ethize yesifo sikashukela abazali okufanele bayazi futhi kufanele icatshangwe ngodokotela bezingane lapho belapha. Ingane enesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kufanele ihlolwe uma kunezinkinga ezenzeka nge-ocular nezinso.
Lezi zinyathelo zingamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukugcina izinga loshukela lingaphansi kwemingcele evamile.
Thayipha 1 bese uthayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-2: yikuphi okuyingozi kakhulu?
Ngisho nodokotela ngeke banikeze impendulo engathandeki kulo mbuzo. Ngempela, uhlobo oluncike ku-insulin lufaka ukwelashwa impilo yonke.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi sifo senza umuntu kusukela esemncane azibhekele impilo yakhe.
Uqapha ukudla, azithwalise ngokomzimba futhi abheke inqubo yokwelashwa nge-insulin. Zonke lezi zimo zivumela isiguli ukuba siphile ngokugcwele, futhi zivame ukuba nezinga eliphakeme lempilo uma liqhathaniswa nabantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 siyi-pathology ekhula kancane kancane, evela emikhubeni emibi yomuntu: uthando lokudla okumnandi, okunamafutha kanye ne-carbohydrate. Konke lokhu kuholela ekukhuluphiseni. Kepha izimpawu ezingathi sína, ezinjenge-polyuria, ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kungenzeka zingabi njalo.
Imvamisa, ukwehla ngokushesha kwesisindo kuhlotshaniswa nesinyathelo esisebenzayo somuthi othathwe ukunciphisa umzimba, singasoli ukuthi lokhu kuyinkinga yesifo sikashukela. Ngenxa yalokhu, isiguli siya kudokotela sekwephuze kakhulu, futhi ukwelashwa kuvame ukuba isikhathi eside.
Izici zokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela esiyinkimbinkimbi
Indlela yokwelashwa yesifo sikashukela esiyinkimbinkimbi ifaka phakathi izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile:
- ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic (4.4-7 Mmol / l) ngezidakamizwa noma ngemijovo ye-insulin;
- ukubuyiselwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic: ukuphathwa kwamalungiselelo we-vascular kanye ne-thioctic acid;
- ukwelashwa kokuxazulula uqobo. Ngakho-ke, i-retinopathy yangaphambi kwesikhathi iphathwa nge-laser, futhi esimweni esinzima kakhulu - i-vitrectomy. Amavithamini e-B anqunyelwe ukulimala kwezinzwa.
Isiguli kufanele siqonde isidingo sokwenza zonke izinqubo ezibekelwe yena futhi sikwazi ukulawula ngokuzimele ushukela wegazi. Lesi yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu, ukwehluleka okuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
Izindlela zokuvimbela abanesifo sikashukela
Ukuvimbela abanesifo sikashukela kuqukethe:
- ukuqashwa njalo kwezokwelapha;
- Ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic;
- umthwalo nokunamathela ngokuqinile enkambisweni yansuku zonke: kubalulekile ukunquma isikhathi sokuvuka nokulala, ukungaphuthi amahora omjovo, njll;
- ukusebenza komzimba okulinganiselayo;
- inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu;
- ukudla okuphansi kwe-carb;
- ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki: ukudla, ukuqina.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nengozi ebangelwa yizinkinga zesifo sikashukela kuvidiyo:
Vele, awukwazi ukuqeda isifo sikashukela ngezindlela ezingenhla, lapha uzodinga usizo lwemithi nezinqubo ezikhethekile. Kodwa ukuhambisana nalezi zincomo kwanele ukuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology futhi ungavumeli izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zonakalise impilo yakho.
