Olunye uvivinyo oluyisisekelo lwelebhu oludingekayo ngokuqinile ukuthola isifo olunembile ukuhlaziya ushukela wegazi lesiguli.
Njengoba wazi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile koshukela kunikezwa uma usola i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela, kanye nezinye izifo ezithile ze-endocrine.
Kubani futhi kungani kufanele banikele kuye?
Imvamisa, izifundo ezinjengalezi zenziwa ngokuya kudokotela - wezokwelapha noma nge-endocrinologist, umuntu aphendukela kuye ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu eziveziwe zesifo. Kodwa-ke, umuntu ngamunye udinga ukulawula amazinga kashukela.
Lokhu kuhlaziywa kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi kubantu bamaqembu ayingozi ahlukahlukene onesifo sikashukela. Ngokwesiko, ochwepheshe bakhomba amaqembu amathathu ayingozi ngalesi sifo se-endocrine.
Ukuhlaziywa kumele kuhanjiswe:
- labo abaye baba nesifo sikashukela emndenini wabo;
- abantu abakhuluphele;
- uphethwe umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ukulawulwa okuqinile kuyadingeka ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isifo sikashukela ngokuvamile asiveli ngokuzumayo.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sandulelwa isikhathi esanele ngokwanele lapho ukumelana ne-insulin kukhuphuka kancane, kuhambisana nokwanda kweglucose yegazi. Ngakho-ke, ukunikela ngegazi ezigulini ezisengozini kufanelekile njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Ngabe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kukhombisa ushukela?
Kukholelwa kabanzi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile, okuvame ukunikezwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kungathola, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isifo sikashukela.Kungani-ke, kufanele futhi ukuthi uthathe i-plasma yegazi ukunquma ushukela?
Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile akukuvezi okuqukethwe seglugose kwesiguli. Ekuhlolweni okwanele kwalesi sithanga, kuhlaziywa imininingwane ekhethekile, isampula edingeka ngaphezu kwalokho.
Kodwa-ke, udokotela angasola ushukela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinga likashukela eliphakeme livusa ushintsho kumaphesenti amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ku-plasma yegazi. Uma okuqukethwe kwabo kungaphezu kokujwayelekile, lesi simo singabangelwa yi-hyperglycemia.
Kepha i-biochemistry yegazi ingasikhomba ngokuthembekile lesi sifo, ngoba inikeza umbono ngohlobo lwezinqubo ze-metabolic ezenzeka emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, uma usola isifo sikashukela, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlole i-glucose noma kunjalo.
Ukulungiselela ukutadisha
Ukuze ubufakazi bube obunembile ngangokunokwenzeka, kuyadingeka ukulandela imithetho ethile yokunikela ngegazi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isampula yegazi kuzodingeka yenziwe futhi.
Isampula yegazi kumele yenziwe ekuseni, ngaphambi kokudla kokuqala.
Ukucaciswa, kungcono ukungadli ukudla ngemuva kweziyisithupha ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Emithonjeni eminingi ungathola izincomo zokuthi ungaphuzi amanzi, kufaka phakathi amaminerali, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngetiyi, ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.
Ngosuku olwandulela lolu hlaziyo, kufanele wenqabele ukusebenzisa amaswidi nemikhiqizo kafulawa. Akufanele futhi ucindezele umzimba, ube novalo, usebenze kanzima.
Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, udinga ukwehlisa umoya, uchithe imizuzu eyi-10 - 20 uphumule, ngaphandle komzimba omningi. Uma bekufanele ubambe ibhasi noma, ngokwesibonelo, ukhwele isitebhisi esinyukayo ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, kungcono ukuhlala ngokuthula isikhathi esingaba isigamu sehora.
Ababhemayo badinga ukuyeka umlutha wabo okungenani amahora ayi-12-18 ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula yegazi.
Izinkomba ezihlanekezelwe ikakhulukazi zazibhema ekuseni ngaphambi kokuhlola ugwayi. Umthetho owodwa oqinile - abukho utshwala okungenani amahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngisho nenani elincane lotshwala lingashintsha kakhulu ukugcwala kweglucose egazini - umzimba ubeka utshwala be-ethyl ube ushukela olulula. Kuhle ukungabukhiphi ngokuphelele utshwala ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Iziguli zivame ukuthatha izivivinyo zikashukela, ikakhulukazi iziguli esezikhulile, zihlushwa yizifo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli futhi ziyaphoqelelwa ukuthi ziphuze imishanguzo ehlukahlukene njalo. Kufanele futhi alahlwe okwesikhashana, uma kungenzeka, amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Musa ukuya kohlolelwa umkhuhlane noma, ikakhulukazi, izifo zokuphefumula kakhulu. Okokuqala, imininingwane ihlanekezelwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa umkhuhlane.
Okwesibili, izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni ezilwa naleli gciwane zingashintsha futhi okuqukethwe kweglucose egazini.
Ekugcineni, ngaphambi kokuvakashela ilabhorethri, akufanele ugeze endlini yokugeza, i-sauna noma ugeze kakhulu. Ukuzivocavoca nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa kungaxhumana nokwenza uhlaziyo lungalungi.
Ukuchaza imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile: izinkambiso
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kunikeza umbono wezimpawu eziyisishiyagalombili ezibalulekile zokwakheka kwawo.
Izinkomba ze-hemoglobin, inani lamangqamuzana egazi abomvu namhlophe aqukethe umthamo othile, i-hematocrit, kanye ne-platelet count. Imiphumela ye-WBC, i-ESR, nevolumu ye-erythrocyte nayo iyanikezwa.
Izimo zalezi zinkomba ziyehluka kubantu abadala nasezinganeni, futhi emadodeni nakwabesifazane, ngenxa yomehluko ngemuva kwesizinda se-hormonal kanye nezimpawu zokusebenza komzimba.
Ngakho-ke, emadodeni, i-hemoglobin kufanele ibe ebangeni elisuka ku-130 kuya ku-170 amagremu ngethitha legazi elibaliwe ngalinye. Kwabesifazane, izinkomba ziphansi - 120-150 g / l. IHematocrit emadodeni kufanele ibe sezingeni lama-42-50%, nakwabesifazane - 38-47. Isimo se-leukocytes siyefana kubo bobabili ubulili - 4.0-9.0 / L.
Uma sikhuluma ngamazinga kashukela, khona-ke kubantu abanempilo izinkomba ezamukelwayo ziyafana kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Izinguquko ezihlobene nobudala nazo azithinti amazinga kashukela kumuntu othintwe yisifo sikashukela.
Umkhawulo ojwayelekile we-glucose uthathwa njenge-4 mmol ngelitha ngalinye legazi elibaliwe.
Uma inkomba yehlisiwe, i-hypoglycemia yesiguli iyisimo se-pathological esidalwa yizinto eziningi - kusuka ekungondleki kahle nasekusebenzeni okungalungile kohlelo lwe-endocrine. Izinga likashukela elingaphezu kuka-5.9 mmol libonisa ukuthi isiguli sakha isimo, isimo saso sibizwa ngokuthi yi-prediabetes.
Lesi sifo uqobo asisekho okwamanje, noma kunjalo, ukumelana ne-insulin noma izinga lokukhiqizwa kwama-pancreas kuncishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu okujwayelekile akusebenzi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe - banesibalo esijwayelekile esifinyelela ku-6.3 mmol. Uma izinga lenyuka laya ku-6.6, lokhu sekubhekwa njenge-pathology futhi kudinga ukunakwa kochwepheshe.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudla, noma ungadli amaswidi, kusaphakamisa amazinga eglucose. Kungakapheli nehora ngemuva kokudla, ushukela ungagxuma ufike ku-10 mmol.
Lokhu akuyona i-pathology uma, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isilinganiso sehla. Ngakho-ke, amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla, ihlala ezingeni le-8-6 mmol, bese ivuma ngokuphelele.
Ama-indices kashukela ayidatha ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukwahlulela ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela. Amasampula amathathu egazi athathwe kusetshenziswa imitha kashukela egazini kusuka ngomunwe ekuseni, ntambama nakusihlwa kuvame ukuqhathaniswa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkomba "ezinhle" zabanesifo sikashukela zihlukile kulezo ezamukelwa abantu abaphilile. Ngakho-ke, inkomba yasekuseni yamayunithi angama-4.5-6 ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni, aze afike ku-8 ngemuva kokudla kwansuku zonke, aze afike kwayisikhombisa ngaphambi kokulala aveza ukuthi ukwelashwa kunxephezelwe kahle lesi sifo.
Uma izinkomba zingaphezulu kuka-5-10% kunokukhonjisiwe, zikhuluma ngokunxephezelwa okujwayelekile kwesifo. Lesi yisikhathi sokubukeza izici ezithile zokwelashwa ezitholwe yisiguli.
Ukwedlula ngaphezulu kwe-10% kukhombisa uhlobo lwesifo olungabaliwe.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli asikutholi ukwelashwa okudingekile nhlobo, noma ngasizathu simbe asisebenzi ngokuphelele.
Izindlela ezingeziwe zokuxilonga
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izivivinyo eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuthola uhlobo lwesifo, kanye nezimpawu zalo.Amasampula okubekezelela i-glucose angaba nesiqiniseko esiphakeme sokuqikelela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-prediabetes esigulini, noma ngabe inani le-glucose egazini ngesikhathi sokufunda okujwayelekile libonisa okujwayelekile.
Ukubona izinga le-HbA1c kusiza ukulawula ikhambi lokwelashwa komuntu onesifo sikashukela.
Indlela esetshenziswa futhi ukuthola i-acetone kumchamo wesiguli. Usebenzisa lolu cwaningo, ungafunda ngokukhula kwe-ketoacidosis, ubunzima obukhona besifo sikashukela futhi buyingozi.
Enye indlela eyengeziwe ukuthola ukuthi kuno-glucose umchamo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kumuntu ophile kahle, ngokungafani nesifo sikashukela, ukugxilwa kwaso kuphansi kakhulu ekungeneni ngomgoqo wezinso.
Ukuze kutholakale okunye uhlobo lwesifo, kuhlolwa igazi kusetshenziswa engxenyeni ye-insulin. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma i-pancreas ingakhiqizi ngokwanele kule-hormone, ukuhlolwa kukhombisa okuqukethwe okuncishisiwe kwezingxenyana zayo ezisegazini.
Kuthiwani uma glucose we-plasma ephakanyisiwe?
Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nochwepheshe. Udokotela we-endocrinologist uzocacisa ezinye izivivinyo ezingeziwe futhi, ngokuya ngemiphumela yabo, uzothuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha.
Ukwelashwa kuzosiza ekulweni noshukela okujwayelekile futhi kugweme izifo ku-prediabetes.
Noma ngabe isifo sikashukela satholakala, izindlela zanamuhla zokunxephezela lesi sifo ngeke nje zisindise impilo nempilo yesiguli iminyaka eminingi. Isifo sikashukela ezweni lanamuhla singaphila impilo esebenzayo, sisebenze kahle, siphishekele umsebenzi.
Ngaphandle kokulinda izincomo zikadokotela, kuyadingeka ukufaka ukuhleleka, ukuyeka ukudla okugcwele ama-carbohydrate, futhi kususwe nemikhuba emibi.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Kwenziwa kanjani ukubala okuphelele kwegazi? Impendulo ekuvidiyo:
Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa okulungile futhi okufika ngesikhathi esimweni sikashukela kuyindlela yokugcina impilo yesiguli nempilo evamile, enezithelo.
