Ukulimala kwamehlo ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela: izimbangela, izindlela zokwelapha zamanje nezincomo zabahlinzeki bezamehlo

Isifo sikashukela yisifo esiyingozi sesistimu ye-endocrine, okuyisikhathi eside ingazivezi izibonakaliso.

Imikhumbi kanye nama-capillaries akhiwe kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba womuntu: ubuchopho, izinso, inhliziyo, i-retina, kuhlushwa yilokhu kugula.

Esikhathini sikashukela, izinkinga zamehlo zivela ezigulini eziningi, futhi udokotela wamehlo wokuqala ungumsolwa wokugula kwesiguli ofike kuye ekhononda ngokungaboni kahle.

Kungani amehlo ehlushwa isifo sikashukela?

Imbangela enkulu yokulimazeka okubonakalayo kwesifo sikashukela kuwukulimala kwemithambo yegazi nama-capillaries asezandleni.

Kukhona isethulo sokubukeka kwezinkinga zombono:

• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ushukela wegazi ophakeme njalo;
• ukubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala;
• isisindo ngokweqile;
• i-pathology yezinso;
• ukukhulelwa
• isakhi sofuzo.

Ukuguga nakho kungenye yezici ezisengozini yezinkinga zamehlo zesifo sikashukela.

Izifo zamehlo

Njengoba umsebenzi wokuvikela umzimba uncishiswa kakhulu kushukela, iziguli zivame ukuba nezifo ezivuthayo zesitho esibukwayo. Uma amehlo ebanda isifo sikashukela, lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kube yi-blepharitis, i-conjunctivitis, ibhali eminingi. IKeratitis ivame ukuhambisana nokuvela kwezilonda ezindexekile kanye nokuqubuka kwezinduna.

Izifo zamehlo ezivame kakhulu sikashukela:

1. i-retinopathy. Ngalesi sifo, i-retina yeso iyathinteka. Ubunzima besilonda sincike ekuthini isikhathi sesi sifo, lapho kukhona izifo ezikhona: umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela sezinye izitho, ukukhuluphala kanye ne-atherossteosis. Ama-capillaries ama-retinal avinjelwe, kanti amanye anwebeka ukuze kubuyiswe ukunikezwa kwegazi okulimazayo. Ezindongeni zemithambo kukhiqizwa - ama-microaneurysms, okuthi ngalo lapho ingxenye yegazi ingene kwi-retina. Konke lokhu kubangela i-edema yendawo ye-macular ye-retina. U-Edema ucindezela amaseli wezithombe, futhi ziyafa. Iziguli zikhononda ngokulahleka kwezingxenye ezithile zesithombe, kuyilapho umbono uncishiswa kakhulu. Kukhona ushintsho oluncane ku-fundus nge-mellitus yesifo sikashukela - imikhumbi iyaqhuma futhi kuvela izikhala ezincane, ezihlukaniswa yiziguli njengamabala amnyama. Ukuqhekeka okuncane kuyancibilika, kanti ezinkulu zakha i-hemophthalmos. I-retina yeso ngenxa yendlala ka-oksijeni kanye nokwanda kwama-capillaries ashintshiwe kuncipha kanye nokuxoshwa. Umbono unganyamalala ngokuphelele;
2. i-glaucoma yesibili neovascular. Ukunyuka kwengcindezi ye-intraocular kuhambisana nobuhlungu kanye nokwehla okusheshayo kombono. Lesi sifo samehlo sikhula kushukela ngenxa yokuthi imithambo yegazi eseqile ikhula ibe yi-iris ekhoneni legumbi elingaphandle lemehlo, ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise ukukhipha uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi emzimbeni. I-Glaucoma kanye nesifo sikashukela yizifo ezivame ukuhamba eceleni. IGlaucoma kushukela likhula kaninginingi kaningi kunabantu abaphilile;
3. ikati. Lokhu kugula kubonakaliswa ukwephulwa kwenqubo ye-metabolic ku-lens yemvelo yeso ngokumelene nesifo sikashukela esingakhokhelwe. I-postcapsular cataract iba ngokushesha futhi iholele kumbono onciphile. Lesi sifo, lapho ilensi iba ngamafu khona kuyi-nucleus ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo sikashukela, sibonisa ukungabi namandla kwabantu abaningi. Kulokhu, kunzima ukwaphula izibuko ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kokulondoloziwe.

Ukuxilonga

Uma isiguli sitholakala sinesifo sikashukela, kudingeka sihlolwe ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo ukuze sikhombe izinguquko ezingase zivele ekusebenzeni kwezitho zombono.

Ucwaningo olujwayelekile luqukethe ukunquma i-acuity ebonakalayo kanye nemingcele yezinsimu zayo, ukukala ingcindezi ye-intraocular.

Ukuhlola kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isibani se-slit kanye ne-ophthalmoscope. Amalensi amathathu esibuko seGoldman enza sikwazi ukubheka hhayi kuphela indawo ephakathi nendawo, kepha futhi nezingxenye eziyingxenye ye-retina. Ukuthuthukisa ikhathalogu kwesinye isikhathi akuvumeli ukuthi ubone izinguquko ku-fundus ezinesifo sikashukela. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kwesitho kuyadingeka.

Ukwelashwa

Ngakho-ke, ungawubuyisela kanjani umbono wakho? Ngingakwazi ukuhlinza iso ngesifo sikashukela?

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zamehlo kushukela kuqala ngokulungiswa kwe-metabolism emzimbeni wesiguli.

Udokotela we-endocrinologist uzokhetha izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, futhi uma kudingeka, anikeze i-insulin ukwelashwa.

Udokotela uzonikeza ngemithi okuhloswe ngayo ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yegazi, izidakamizwa ukuze kulondolozwe izinga elijwayelekile lomfutho wegazi, izidakamizwa eziqinisa i-vaso kanye namavithamini. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo empumelelweni yezindlela zokwelapha ukulungiswa kwendlela yesiguli, ushintsho ekudleni. Isiguli kufanele sisebenze ngokwanele ngokomzimba ngenxa yesimo sayo sempilo.

Amaconsi e-neovascular glaucoma akuvamile ukukwazi ukuguqula ukucindezela kwe-intraocular. Imvamisa, ukungenelela okuhlinzayo kunqunyelwe, okufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezindlela ezengeziwe zokuphuma kwe-intraocular fluid. I-Laser coagulation yenziwa ukucekela phansi imikhumbi esanda kusungulwa.

Ukukhishwa kwe-Cataract

Ama-Cataracts aphathwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa. Ilensi yokufakelwa esobala ifakiwe esikhundleni selensi enamafu.

I-retinopathy esigabeni sokuqala ilashwa ukwelashwa kwe-laser kwe-retina. Inqubo iyenziwa ngenhloso yokubhubhisa imikhumbi eshintshiwe. Ukuvezwa kwe-Laser kungamisa ukukhula kwezicubu ezithintekayo futhi kumise ukwehla kombono. Inkambo eqhubekayo yesifo sikashukela kwesinye isikhathi idinga ukuhlinzwa.

Kusetshenziswa i-vitrectomy, ama-punctures amancane enziwe esweni lezinhlamvu zomzimba futhi umzimba we-vitreous ususwa kanye negazi, izibazi ezidonsa i-retina yeso, nemikhumbi iqhutshwa nge-laser. Isixazululo esulula i-retina sifakwe iso. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, isixazululo esisuka esakhiweni siyasuswa, futhi esikhundleni saso, uwoyela we-saline noma we-silicone ufakwa emgodini we-vitreous. Susa uketshezi njengoba kudingeka.

Ukuvimbela

Isifo sikashukela yisifo esinamandla esiqhubekayo. Uma ukwelashwa okudingekayo kungaqaliwe ngesikhathi, imiphumela yomzimba ngeke iphinde iguqulwe.

Ukuthola lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwesigaba, kubalulekile ukuthatha isivivinyo sikashukela okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Uma udokotela we-endocrinologist etholile, udokotela wamehlo kufanele ahlolwe kanye ngonyaka.

Uma udokotela kutholakala ukuthi une-retinal detachment in sikashukela mellitus, i-eye eye blindus fundus ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela nolunye ushintsho, ukuqapha okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kabili ngonyaka.

Yibaphi ochwepheshe okufanele babhekwe?

Ngaphezu kwe-endocrinologist kanye ne-ophthalmologist, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kuzodingeka babonane nodokotela we-ENT, udokotela ohlinzayo, udokotela wamazinyo nodokotela ojwayelekile ukuthola i-foci yokutheleleka okungapheli.

Q & A

Izimpendulo zochwepheshe kwimibuzo edumile yeziguli:

1. Ungayibona kanjani i-macular edema? Impendulo: Ngaphezu kokulimazeka okubukwayo, ezigulini ezine-macular edema, inkungu noma ukufiphala okuncane kubonakala phambi kwamehlo, izinto ezibonakalayo ziyahlanekezeka. I-lesion ivame ukusakazeka kuwo womabili amehlo. Kulokhu, ukulahleka okumbili komhlaba kumbono ophakathi kungenzeka;
2. Ngabe isifo sikashukela singathinta imisipha ye-oculomotor? Impendulo: Yebo, isifo sikashukela i-mellitus (ikakhulukazi esihlanganiswa ne-hypertension noma izifo ze-thyroid) singathinta imisebenzi yemisipha yeso noma izingxenye zobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo;
3. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-retinopathy kanye nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela? Impendulo: Ubudlelwano phakathi kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela nokuvela kwe-retinopathy buyaba khona. Ezigulini ezincike kuma-insulin, lesi sifo asitholakali ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Eminyakeni engu-20 ngemuva kokutholwa kwalesi sifo, cishe zonke iziguli zizohlushwa i-retinopathy. Engxenyeni yesithathu yeziguli ezizimele ze-insulin, i-retinopathy itholakala ngokushesha lapho kutholakala isifo sikashukela. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeziguli ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 zizohlupheka nokukhubazeka okubukwayo.
4. Umuntu onesifo sikashukela kufanele abonakale kangaki? Impendulo: Iziguli kufanele zivivinywe okungenani ngonyaka. Kwi-retinopathy engeyona eyandayo, kufanele uvakashele udokotela wezifo zamehlo kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ukuthola ukwelashwa kabusha kwe-retinopathy ngemuva kokuthola ukwelashwa kwe-laser - kanye ezinyangeni ezi-4, nakwezokuqhubeka nokwanda - kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu. Ukuba khona kwe-macular edema kudinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela wamehlo njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu. Lezo ziguli ezihlala zinoshukela wegazi ophakeme nalabo abahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu kufanele zibone udokotela njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Ngaphambi kokudlulisela ekwelashweni kwe-insulin, abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bathunyelwe ukubonisana nodokotela wezifo zamehlo. Ngemuva kokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa, abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela kufanele bahlolwe njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3. Izingane ezinesifo sikashukela zingahlolwa njalo eminyakeni emibili.
5. Ngabe ukwelashwa kwe-laser kubuhlungu? Impendulo: Nge-edema yama-macular, ukwelashwa kwe-laser akubangeli ubuhlungu, ukungakhululeki kungadala ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngesikhathi senqubo.
6. Ingabe izinkinga ze-vitrectomy zenzeka? Impendulo: Izinkinga ezingaba khona zibandakanya ukuphuma kwezifo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, futhi lokhu kubambezela inqubo yokubuyisela umbono. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, i-retina ingahle iphume.
7. Ingabe kungaba khona ubuhlungu esweni ngemuva kokuhlinzwa? Impendulo: Ubuhlungu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa buyivelakancane. Ubomvu bamehlo kuphela. Susa inkinga ngamaconsi akhethekile.

Amavidiyo ahlobene

Yini i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela futhi kungani iyingozi? Izimpendulo kuvidiyo:

Isifo sikashukela senza kabi isimo semithambo yegazi yazo zonke izitho, kubandakanya neso. Imikhumbi iyabhujiswa, futhi okufaka esikhundleni sayo kubonakaliswa ukukhuphula amandla okuqina. Kulesi sifo sikashukela, ilensi iba ngamafu bese isithombe siba mnyama. Iziguli zilahlekelwa amehlo ngenxa yokuqalwa kwamakhathaza, i-glaucoma kanye nesifo sikashukela sikashukela. Uma amehlo akho ebuhlungu ngesifo sikashukela, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. Imibono ye-ophthalmologists iyafana: enza imisebenzi ngoshukela wegazi uma ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kungalungile noma kunganikeli imiphumela. Ngokulashwa okufika ngesikhathi, i-prognosis iyathandeka kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukulawula ushukela wegazi nokubheka umfutho wegazi. Kufanelekile ukubukeza lokhu kudla, kudla ama-carbohydrate amancane futhi kugxile ekudleni okuqukethe amaprotheni namafutha anempilo.