Isifo sikashukela isifo sikashukela yisifo esibi sohlelo lwe-endocrine, oluhambisana namazinga aphezulu kashukela emzimbeni wesiguli. I-Pathology inezindlela eziningana ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngezindlela nezindlela zokuthuthuka, kodwa zinezimpawu ezifanayo.
Isifo sikashukela singathinta umuntu omdala nengane. Kuyingozi ngenxa yezinkinga zayo ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona, okungaholela ekukhubazekeni futhi kube yimbangela yokufa kwesiguli. Lokhu okulandelayo kuyimbangela eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela, kanye nezinto ezivusa inkanuko ezidala izimo ezinhle zokuqhubeka kwe-pathology.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Lesi sifo ngokwaso sincike ekukhiqizeni okunganele kwe-insulin ye-hormone yi-pancreas noma ushintsho esenzweni saso. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-carbohydrate angene emzimbeni womuntu ngokudla, aqhekeka abe yizakhi ezincane, kufaka noshukela. Le nto ifakwa egazini, lapho ukusebenza kwayo, kukhuphuka, kudlula okujwayelekile.
Ama-pancreas athola isibonakaliso esivela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi lokuthi izinga le-glycemia kumele lehliswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ihlanganisa futhi ikhiphe i-insulin esebenza nge-hormone egazini. I-hormone idlulisa i-glucose kumaseli nezicubu, ivuselele izinqubo zokungena kwalo ngaphakathi.
Amazinga aphezulu kashukela angahlala egazini ngenxa yokushoda ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin yi-gland (ukungapheleli ngokuphelele) noma esimweni sokuncipha kokuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu kuwo ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-hormone okugciniwe (ukuntuleka kokuhlobene). Lawa maphuzu abalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesifo sikashukela kubantu abadala nasezinganeni.
Izici zokuhlukaniswa kwe-pathology ngezinhlobo zemitholampilo
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
Igama laso lesibili lincike ku-insulin, ngoba kungale ndlela ngaleli fomu lapho kubhekwa khona ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kwama-hormone. Ama-pancreas akhiqiza inani elincane le-insulin noma angalihlanganisi nhlobo. Izici zohlobo lokuqala lwe-pathology:
- ubudala besikhathi sokuqala kwesifo yiminyaka engama-20-30;
- kungenzeka nasezinganeni;
- kudinga ukwethulwa kwemijovo ye-insulin ukuqinisekisa izinga elijwayelekile lokuphila lesiguli;
- ehambisana nokukhula kwezinkinga ezinzima futhi ezingalapheki, i-pathology eshiwo kakhulu yi-hyperglycemic ketoacidosis (isimo lapho imizimba enobuthi ye-acetone iqongelela egazini).
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
Uhlobo lwesibili lwesifo lukhula eseminyakeni yobudala (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-45). Kubonakala ngokuhlanganiswa okwanele kwehomoni ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo, kepha ukwephula ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana omzimba kuyo. Ngokuqhubeka, amaseli e-pancreatic insulin secretory cell nawo aqala ukuhlupheka, okugcwele ukuguqulwa kohlobo 2 (okungaxhomekeki kwe-insulin) ukuthayipha i-1 pathology.
Izibalo ziqinisekisa ukwanda kohlobo 2 “lwesifo esimnandi”. Cishe ama-85% azo zonke iziguli zemitholampilo ezinesifo sikashukela zenzeka ngale ndlela yalesi sifo. Ochwepheshe kufanele bahlukanise i-pathology ne-insipidus yesifo sikashukela.
Ifomu lokuphaka
Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology lwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane. Ikhula njengesifo sikashukela esingancike e-insulin, okungukuthi, futhi sibonisa njengokwephula ukuzwela kwezicubu zomzimba esenzweni sento esebenza ngokwamahomoni. Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa zihlukile kancane, njengoba kuxoxwe ngezansi.
Indlela yokuhlaselwa kwalesi sifo inyamalala ngokwayo ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kudinga ukuphathwa kwe-insulin. Ukulungiselela okususelwa kuyo kubhekwa njengento engenabungozi emzimbeni wengane, kodwa bayakwazi ukuvimba ukuthuthuka kwezinkinga eziningi ezivela kumama nakubantu abasanda kuzalwa.
Izimbangela Zesifo Sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin futhi esinga-insulin sinezimbangela ezihlukile. Uhlobo 1 lwalesi sifo luvela ngokushesha, futhi izimpawu zalo ziqhakaza, zithiwe. Uhlobo 2 luba kancane, kaningi iziguli zifunda ngokuba khona kwe-pathology ngesikhathi sokuqala kwezinkinga.
Izimbangela zohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala ziyisiphetho sofuzo kanye nezinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka kumaseli we-pancreas. Noma kunjalo, la maphuzu akwanele, isenzo sezinto zokuqalisa siyadingeka, okubandakanya:
Izimbangela Zokukhula Kwe-Insulin- ukwesaba okubukhali, umthelela wezimo ezicindezelayo ebuntwaneni noma ngesikhathi sokuthomba;
- izifo zemvelaphi yegciwane (isimungumungwane, i-rubella, i-epiparotitis, ukutheleleka kwe-adenovirus);
- ukugoma ebuntwaneni;
- ukulimala kwemishini odongeni lwasekhaya olungaphakathi kanye nezitho zangaphakathi.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zilele kula maphuzu alandelayo. Uhlobo lokuzimela lwe-insulin oluzimele lubonakala ngokuthi indlala iyakwazi ukuhlanganisa i-hormone, kepha amaseli kancane kancane alahlekelwe umuzwa wawo kuyo. Umzimba uthola isibonakaliso sokuthi kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza izinto ezengeziwe (kusetshenziswe amasu wokucindezela). I-Iron isebenza ngokugqokwa, kepha ayisebenzi. Umphumela uba ukwehla kwesitho nokushintshwa kwesifo sohlobo 2 kube uhlobo 1.
Esinye isizathu i-pathology yokunamathiselwa kwento esebenza ngokusebenza kwehomoni kuseli elibucayi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwama-receptors. I-iron yakha i-hormone, kanti i-glycemia ihlala isezingeni eliphakeme. Ngenxa yalokhu, amangqamuzana ngaphandle kwemithombo yamandla adingekayo, futhi umuntu uzwa imizwa yendlala yendlala.
Indoda idla, isisindo somzimba wayo siyakhuphuka. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lamaseli emzimbeni liyakhuphuka, nakho okuntula amandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvela umbuthano onobunzima: amanyikwe ayasebenza ukugqokwa, umuntu uyaqhubeka nokudla, kuvela amaseli amasha adinga ushukela owengeziwe.
Ezinye izinto ezivuselela i-insulin-ezimele izinhlobo ze- "matenda amnandi" yilezi:
- umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
- isifo semithambo ye-atherosclerotic;
- Isifo senhliziyo se-Ischemic;
- ukuvuvukala kwama-pancreas wesimo esibuhlungu noma esingamahlalakhona;
- i-pathologies yezinye izindlala ze-endocrine;
- umlando wokukhulelwa okunzima nokubeletha.
I-pancreatitis - esinye sezimbangela ze- "matenda amnandi"
Isizungu
I-genetic predisposition ingenye yamazinga aphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izimbangela zesifo sikashukela. Inkinga ukuthi ukuthambekela kokulimaza noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli emfihlo we-insulin kwamanyikwe kungazuzwa njengefa kubazali babo.
Ngokukhula kwenqubo yokutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngegciwane emzimbeni, ukungasebenzi komzimba kuphendula ngokukhipha amasosha omzimba egazini, okufanele aqede ama-pathological agents. Emzimbeni ophilile, i-antibody synthesis iyama lapho amagciwane abhujiswa, kodwa kwezinye izimo lokhu akwenzeki. Ukuvikelwa kuyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba abulala amaseli wamanyikwe akho. Ngakho-ke luhlobo lungu-1 lwe-pathology olwenzekayo.
| Isimo sokuchazwa njengefa | Amathuba okukhula kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (ngamaphesenti) | Amathuba okuthuthukisa uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus (ngamaphesenti) |
| Amawele afanayo omuntu anesifo | 50 | 100 |
| Ingane enobaba nonina onesifo sikashukela | 23 | 30 |
| Ingane enomzali oyedwa onesifo sikashukela kanti enye enezihlobo ezinesifo esifanayo | 10 | 30 |
| Ingane enomzali oyedwa, umfowethu noma udadewabo onesifo sikashukela | 10 | 20 |
| Abesifazane ababelethe ingane efile ene-pancreatic hyperplasia | 7 | 23 |
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela kwabesifazane nabesilisa zifaka isisindo somzimba esingajwayelekile. Ososayensi bakufakazele ukuthi izinga lokuqala lokukhuluphala likuphinda kabili ubungozi bokuthola lesi sifo, okwesithathu kuya kwezi-12-12. Ukuvimbela ukuqapha okujwayelekile kwenkomba yesisindo somzimba.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kunciphisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba esenzweni se-hormone. Isimo esibucayi kakhulu ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamafutha e-visceral.
Izifo nokutheleleka
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela, ukuba khona kwezinqubo zokutheleleka noma zokuvuvukala - enye yazo. Izifo zivusa ukubhujiswa kwamaseli okugcina ama-insulin. Umphumela omubi we-pathologies elandelayo emsebenzini we-gland ufakazelwe:
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane (i-rubella, i-Coxsackie virus, ukutheleleka nge-cytomegalovirus, i-epiparotitis);
- ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kwemvelaphi yegciwane;
- ukuntuleka kwe-adrenal;
- izifo ze-autoimmune yegilo;
- i-adrenal gland tumor;
- i-acromegaly.
Imithi
"Isifo Somnandi" naso singakhula singafani nesizinda somuthi omude noma ongalawulwa. Le ndlela ye-pathology ibizwa ngokuthi isidakamizwa. Indlela yokuthuthukisa ihambelana nohlobo oluzimele lwe-insulin.
Imithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe.
Izimbangela zokuvela kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesidakamizwa kuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamaqembu alandelayo wezidakamizwa:
- ama-hormone e-adrenal cortex;
- okokugcobisa;
- ama-hormone egilo;
- I-Diazoxide (isidakamizwa senhliziyo);
- okususwayo kwe-interferon;
- ama-cytostatics;
- beta-blockers.
Isizathu esihlukile ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezengezo ezisebenzayo, ezifaka inani elikhulu le-selenium yomkhondo.
Uphuzo oludakayo
Phakathi kwabantu abangenalo ulwazi oludingekayo emkhakheni we-biology, anatomy, kanye nokwenziwa komzimba womuntu, kunombono wokuthi utshwala buwusizo kwisifo sikashukela, ngokulandelana, ukusetshenziswa kwawo akukwazi ukubhekwa njengembangela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology. Lo mbono unephutha elikhulu kakhulu.
I-Ethanol kanye nokuphuma kwayo ngamanani amakhulu kunethonya elimazayo kumaseli wohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, isibindi, izinso, namanyikwe. Uma umuntu enesifiso sokuba nesifo sikashukela, ukufa kwamangqamuzana okugcina insulin ngaphansi kwethonya lotshwala kungadala inqubo enkulu ye-pathological. Umphumela uba uhlobo 1 lwesifo sikashukela.
Ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala - ukuvimbela i-endocrinopathy
Ukukhulelwa
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela zingahlotshaniswa nesikhathi sokuzala ingane, njengoba sekushiwo. Ukukhulelwa yinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzimba lapho umzimba wowesifazane usebenza kaningi kunanoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Futhi ama-pancreas aqala ukusebenza kabili.
Amaqembu alandelayo abesifazane angenelwa ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo:
- labo abaye baba nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo kwangaphambili;
- ukuzalwa kwengane engaphezu kwama-4 kg emlandweni;
- ukuba khona kokubeletha, ukuphuphuma kwezisu, ukukhipha isisu ngaphambili;
- ukuzalwa kwezingane ezinomqondo esikhathini esidlule;
- labo abanezihlobo ezihlushwa yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
Indlela yokuphila nokucindezela
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela emadodeni nakwabesifazane futhi zifaka phakathi impilo yokuhlala, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokudla okunempilo, imikhuba emibi. Labo abachitha isikhathi esiningi ekhompyutheni naku-TV banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okugula kunalabo abahlanganyela kwezemidlalo, bakhetha ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokuphumula ezindaweni zokungcebeleka.
Mayelana nokudla okunempilo, kufanele ukuthi ukudla ukudla okunezinkomba eziphezulu ze-glycemic, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, ama-muffin, ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kugcwala ama-pancreas, okwenza ukuthi kusebenze ukugqokwa. Umphumela uba ukudangala komzimba okwakha i-insulin.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungenamsoco kuholela hhayi nje ekwandiseni ushukela wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol, kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala
Izimbangela zengqondo kungenye iphuzu elibalulekile lezinto zokuphamba zalesi sifo. Umphumela wesikhathi eside wokucindezela uholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla okuvikela, ukwanda kwezinqubo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya lokwesaba nengcindezi, izindlala ze-adrenal zikhipha inani elikhulu lama-hormone okucindezela lingene egazini, okuyi-insulin antagonists. Kalula nje, lezi zinto zivimba isenzo esijwayelekile sehomoni yamanyikwe.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isifo sikashukela singavinjelwa noma sitholakale ezigabeni zokuqala ngokuxolwa kwezinkomba zeglue glucose minyaka yonke. Uma izinga likashukela lifakazela ukuba khona kwalesi sifo, udokotela uzokhetha uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa oluzofinyelela isimo sesinxephezelo, avimbele ukuqhubekela phambili futhi athuthukise isimo somzimba jikelele.
