Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela ("isifo esimnandi") siyindlela eyisidina ekhula ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwe-insulin (i-hormone eyenziwe nge-pancreatic insulin apparatus). Lesi sifo kancane kancane siholela ekuphazamisweni kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemetabolism, kuqala nge-carbohydrate.

Ngokuphikisana nesizinda salesi sifo, imikhumbi emincane nemincane iyathinteka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola isimo se-pathological ngesikhathi, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezinkinga ezinzima futhi ezingapheli. Ukuqonda kanjani ukuthi unesifo sikashukela, nokuthi iziphi izimpawu zalesi sifo esidinga usizo ngokushesha, kuyaxoxwa ngakho ngakho esihlokweni.

Kancane mayelana nezinhlobo zezifo nezimbangela

Ngaphambi kokubheka izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zesimo se-pathological ekhona. Kulesi sigaba, izinhlobo eziningana zibalulekile ezitholile ukwabiwa okukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kweziguli ze-endocrinological:

• Uhlobo 1 (luthembele i-insulin) - le ndlela yalesi sifo ivela ngokumelene nesizinda sokuntuleka ekukhiqizweni kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe. Ngemuva kokukhuphuka kwezinga likashukela emzimbeni (futhi leli yiphuzu eliyinhloko elihloliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholwa), i-gland kufanele ihlukanise i-hormone egazini ehambisa amolekyuli eglucose kumaseli. Kodwa-ke, le nto ayanele, okusho ukuthi iningi loshukela lihlala egazini, futhi amaseli abhekana nendlala yamandla.
• Uhlobo 2 (olungeyona i-insulin-ezimele) - leli fomu lihambisana nenani elanele le-insulin, kodwa amangqamuzana nezicubu kuncipha ukuzwela kuwo ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, okuzoxoxwa ngazo lapha ngezansi. Uhlobo 2 sikashukela i-mellitus libuye liboniswe ngamanani aphezulu kashukela wegazi (hyperglycemia).
• Uhlobo lokutholwa - lukhula kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe. Ngokwendlela yokwenzeka, kuyafana nohlobo 2 lwezifo. Njengomthetho, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ziyanyamalala, futhi nezinga le-glycemia lifanana.

Ukuhlola njalo ushukela wegazi kukuvumela ukukhomba i-pathology ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula

Izimbangela zalesi sifo zihlukahlukene. Imvamisa, i-pathology yenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sofuzo. Izici ezincane ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe, ukulimala kwemishini, ukuhlinzwa emsebeni (imvamisa kususa ingxenye yayo).

Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela kungenzeka ngokuvela ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa isikhathi eside:

• i-nicotinic acid;
• ama-hormone e-adrenal cortex;
• ama-hormone egilo;
• I-Diazoxide;
• ama-thiazides;
• I-Interferon.

Kukholelwa ukuthi ukutheleleka kungathatha indawo ehamba phambili enkambisweni yokuthuthuka kwenqubo eseqhamukayo. Sikhuluma nge-cytomegalovirus, i-rubella.

Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo

Iningi leziguli liphendukela kochwepheshe esevele benesigaba esithuthukile salesi sifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpawu zesifo sikashukela zishiwo kuphela ngokufa kwamaseli amaningi we-pancreatic (esimweni sohlobo 1) noma ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona (uhlobo 2).

Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani kungeyona i-endocrinologist, kodwa udokotela wamehlo noma i-nephrologist, abokuqala ukubona izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo futhi banikeze isiguli ukuthi sihlolwe isifo sikashukela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngoshukela, okuqoqwe esiswini esingenalutho. Amanani aphezulu anikeza isizathu sokucabanga ngokuthuthukiswa kwenye yezindlela ze-pathology.

Amanani aphezulu kashukela osegazini - uphawu oluphambili lwesifo "esimnandi"

Thayipha ukubonakaliswa okungu-1

Izimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela ngokuvamile zinesithombe somtholampilo esifanayo. Isimpawu esiyinhloko sezingane nabadala yi-hyperglycemia. Ifomu lokuya nge-insulin linokuqala okukhulu. Kwenzeka esemncane, kungathinta nomzimba wezingane. Ngesikhathi lapho izimpawu zesifo sikashukela seziqale ngokuphelele, cishe u-90% wamangqamuzana ezinsizakusebenza ezifakiwe afakelwe amandla.

Iziguli zibonisana nodokotela ngezikhalazo ezinjalo:

• isifiso sokuchama kaningi, ukumbumbuluzwa kwenqwaba yomchamo;
• ukoma kwe-pathological okwenzeka ngisho nangesikhathi sokubanda;
• ukuncipha okubukhali ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuthambekela.

Izimpawu ezengeziwe zohlobo 1 sikashukela:

• ukukhathala okungapheli;
• ubuthakathaka
• ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini;
• kwehla i-libido;
• ukungalali ebusuku;
• ukuqubuka kokugula emzimbeni okungapholi isikhathi eside.

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Isimo somtholampilo soshukela i-mellitus yohlobo olungaxhomekeli ku-insulin sikhula kancane. Inqubo ye-pathological ithinta imizimba yabantu asebekhulile, abesifazane asebekhulile nabesilisa. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi kwenzakalani ngaso leso sikhathi, kepha sekusezingeni lezinkinga.

I-mellitus yesifo sikashukela enganciki i-insulin ibonakala ngu:

• kwehlise i-acuity ebonakalayo;
• ukungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile wosuku, ukukhathala okungapheli;
• isifiso se-pathological sokuphuza;
• ukwabiwa kwenani elikhulu lomchamo;
• amabala yobudala esikhunjeni, ukubonakala kwamathumba;
• imilenze emincane;
• izinqubo ezivame ukuvuvukala zomkhakha we-genitourinary;
• ukwanda komfutho wegazi.

Ukwehla okukhulu kwe-acuity ebonakalayo kunikeza isizathu sokucabanga ngokwakhiwa kwalesi sifo

Yimaphi ama-syndromes angenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo?

Ama-Syndromes iqoqo lezimpawu, izimpawu ezifanayo ezihlelwe ndawonye. Abanye ososayensi nabasebenzi bezokwelapha bengeza isifo sikaRaynaud ohlwini lwama-syndromes athi “isifo esimnandi”. Akuhlangene ngalutho nama-hormone noma amanani we-glycemic, noma kunjalo, kungaba yinkinga yokuqhubeka kwesifo sohlobo 1.

Lokhu okulandelayo kuchaza isifo sikashukela i-mellitus syndromes nencazelo yazo emfushane. Azikhulisi esigulini ngasinye, noma kunjalo, zifakiwe ohlwini lwezimpawu ezingenzeka zenqubo ye-pathological.

ISifo seMoriak

Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ebangelwa ebuntwaneni ngokumelene nesizinda sokuhlaselwa njalo kwe-hyperglycemic ketoacidosis, i-hypoglycemia, isimo sokunciphiswa kwesifo “esimnandi”. Kuvela njengokulandelayo:

• izingane azinalutho;
• kukhona ukubambezeleka kokukhula nentuthuko;
• ukukhuluphala ngokwehlukaniswa okungalingani kwengqimba ye-lipid emzimbeni;
• ukubukeka kwesibindi;
• ukwanda kwesibindi;
• izinkomba zamathambo.

Isifo se-Metabolic

Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela soHlelo 1

Ungahlola ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo ngokuhlola ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amangqamuzana nezicubu ezibuthakathaka ayeka "ukubona" ​​i-insulin ye-hormone, eholela ekubulaleni kwawo amandla. Izinombolo ze-glucose eziphakeme zihlala egazini.

I-Metabolic syndrome ihambisana nesisindo somzimba esikhulu sesiguli, amanani abalulekile omfutho wegazi, ischemia. Izizathu zokuthuthuka kwalesi simo zibhekwa njengokuphulwa kwendlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nokudla okunempilo, umphumela wokuxineka emzimbeni, ukwelashwa okukhethiwe okungafanele kwe-arterial hypertension.

Isifo seSomoji

Lesi simo esifihlayo sigqokwa yizinkinga zaso. Imbangela yokukhula kwayo i-insulin engamahlalakhona. Ngemuva kokufunda i-pathology, ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi imvamisa yokudla imithamo ephezulu ye-hormone emzimbeni ibangela isimo se-hypoglycemia. Futhi, ivuselela ukwakheka kwama-hormone aphikisanayo nempendulo - i-hypoundlycemia ephindaphindekile.

Izimpawu zokuhlasela kwe-mellitus yesifo sikashukela kuhlangene ne-Somoji syndrome:

• ubuthakathaka obukhali;
• ikhanda
• ukuqwasha, amaphupho amabi avamile;
• ukukhathala ngemuva kokuphumula kobusuku;
• umgubuzelo phambi kwamehlo;
• ukuguquka kwemizwelo.

Umkhuba "wokusa kokusa"

Kungenzeka ukuthi sikubone ushukela yizikhalazo ukuthi iziguli ezihlushwa umkhuba "wokusa kokusa" ziza nazo. Isimo se-pathological sibonisa ngokwanda kwezibalo ze-glycemia ekuseni kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kuka-4 no-6 ekuseni.

Izimpawu zezinto "zokusa kokusa" ezenza umuntu avuke

Ukuchazwa kwembangela yesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ngokubheka izinga likashukela egazini nge-glucometer. Abasebenzi bezempilo batusa ukuqala izindlela ngehora lesibili ekuseni, bese kuthi njalo ngehora. Isimo sidinga ukulungiswa (ukubuyekezwa kokudla, izinhlobo zemithi).

I-Nephrotic syndrome

Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga zesifo "esimnandi." Ukuvela kwayo kungukulahleka okukhulu kwamaprotheni ngumzimba womuntu, okukhishwa yizinso. Imbangela izinguquko ze-pathological ezenzeka kuma-capillaries we-renal glomeruli.

Isifo seNephrotic siyabonakala:

• i-edema enkulu;
• i-proteinuria (ukubonakala kwamaprotheni kumchamo);
• i-hypoproteinemia (inani elincanyana lamaprotheni egazini);
• cholesterol ephezulu egazini.

Izimpawu zezimpawu zaselebhu

Ungasinquma kanjani isifo sikashukela ngokuxilongwa kwebhubhoratri, udokotela we-endocrinologist uzokutshela. Lochwepheshe uzokusiza ekutholeni ukuthi uma kukhona "isifo esimnandi", futhi uma uphendula ngo-yebo, uzokhetha irejimeni yokwelashwa ezokuvumela ukuthi uzuze isimo sesinxephezelo.

Izindlela ezilandelayo zivumela ukunquma isifo sikashukela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi sikhona:

• i-glycosylated hemoglobin ngaphezulu kuka-6.5%;
• izinkomba zokuzila ukudla kwe-glycemia ngenhla kwe-7 mmol / l;
• i-glycemia ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngomthwalo woshukela (ngemuva kwamahora ama-2) ngaphezulu kwe-11 mmol / l;
• ukuba khona kwezimpawu zesifo sikashukela nokuzimisela kwezinkomba ze-glycemia ngaphezulu kwe-11 mmol / l nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.

Izindlela zokuxilonga zokwenza ifomu lokuthinta "isifo esimnandi":

• izinkomba zikashukela ngaphambi kokudla kungena emzimbeni - ngenhla kwe-5.1 mmol / l;
• Imizuzu engama-60 ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngomthwalo woshukela - ngaphezulu kwe-10 mmol / l;
• Imizuzu engu-120 ngemuva kokuhlolwa ngomthwalo woshukela - ngaphezulu kuka-8.5 mmol / L.

Ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukulawula izinga le-glucose nsuku zonke lesifo sohlobo 1 nakuzo zonke izinsuku ezingama-2-3 zesifo sohlobo 2. Le ndlela isuselwa ekugxotsheni iminwe, ukuthola ithonsi legazi, ukuyisebenzisa kumucu wokuhlola ofakwe ku-analyzer. Okomzuzwana, idivaysi ikhombisa izinga le-glycemia emzimbeni. Kukhona amadivaysi futhi angathola izinkomba zokucindezela kwegazi, cholesterol.

I-Omelon A-1 - isibonelo sedivayisi engalawula hhayi amazinga kashukela kuphela, kepha nomfutho wegazi

I-Urinalysis

Usebenzisa ucwaningo ngomchamo, ungabheka isimo esijwayelekile somzimba wesiguli bese uthola isimo sesinxephezelo. Lawula izinkomba eziningana ezibalulekile:

• I-Glucosuria (ukuba khona koshukela emchameni) - lesi simo sihambisana nesithombe esicacile sasemtholampilo se "sifo esimnandi". IGlucose inqunywa umchamo lapho izinombolo zayo zegazi zinqamula embundwini ka-10 mmol / L.
• Izidumbu zeKetone (acetone) - zenzeka ngohlobo lwe-1 pathology. Ukubukeka kwabo kukhombisa ukukhula kwe-hyperglycemia ebucayi, engaphenduka i-coma.
• I-Albuminuria yisimo esibandakanya ukwanda kokuphuma kwe-albhamuin emchameni. Izimpawu zikhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-renal pathology.

Ungafunda ngezimpawu ezenzeka ngesifo sikashukela emsakazweni kumamagazini naku-Intanethi. Ukuqwashisa komphakathi okunjalo kuhloselwe ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-pathology. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angabona ngisho nokuxilongwa kwesiguli ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa (kuphela yizikhalazo zakhe), noma kunjalo, ukuxilongwa elabhorathri kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo olunembile kakhulu lonyango ongavimba ngalo ukuqubuka kwesifo.