Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus enganeni enonyaka owodwa ubudala siyisifo esiyingozi, esivame ukutholakala esigabeni sakamuva. Ngokuvamile abazali bathola ukuthi ingane yabo iguliswa yisifo sikashukela kuphela lapho ihlelwa yisifo sikashukela.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingane eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala ayisakwazi ukubachazela ngokucacile abazali izizathu zokukhubazeka kwakhe. Ingane yesifo sikashukela ingaba nokuphumula ngokweqile futhi ibangele abazali ubunzima obukhulu. Kepha ukwenza okunjalo kuvame ukubangelwa yimizwa ejwayelekile futhi akubonwa njengophawu lokugula okungathi sína.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela enganeni ngesikhathi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-mellitus yesifo sikashukela iziveza kanjani kumntwana ononyaka owodwa, izinkomba zalesi sifo, izindlela zokuxilonga zokwelashwa zasekhaya kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla.
Izizathu
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ushukela ezinganeni inezici zayo ezithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-metabolism ngokuvamile, kanye ne-carbohydrate metabolism ikakhulukazi, yenzeka ezinganeni ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu kunakulabantu abaye bafinyelela ebudaleni.
Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izingane zithanda ukudla okunoshukela, ngoba lokhu kuzisiza ukuthi zisize isidingo esandayo sama-carbohydrate. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunama-carb amaningi ebuntwaneni, kufaka phakathi amaswidi ahlukahlukene, akunakubangela isifo sikashukela.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, ama-pancreas awasakwazi ukusebenza ngamandla aphelele. Ukuze kwakheke ngokuphelele wonke umsebenzi walo mzimba kuthatha isikhathi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1 kuye kwengu-5. Yingakho izingane ezikulesi sigaba sobudala zitholakala kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezinonyaka owodwa:
- Isisulu sokuqothuka;
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane okwedlule
- Isisindo sengane sikhulu kakhulu unyaka ongu-1;
- Ukuba khona kwe-hypothyroidism enganeni;
- Isisindo sokuzala sisuka ku-4500 gr. nokuningi;
- Ukuzivikela komzimba okuphansi;
- Izifo ze-Autoimmune.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zisencwadini ekhethekile yengozi yokuthola isifo sikashukela. Ezinganeni ezinjalo, izitho zangaphakathi zivame ukwakhiwa ngokungafanele, ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo okujwayelekile.
Ngakho-ke nge-pancreatic underdevelopment, ingane ingahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwe-insulin ye-hormone, okudingekayo ukufakwa kweglucose. Lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 enganeni.
Cishe umphumela ofanayo ungaholela ekutheni umama wesikhathi esizayo athathe imishanguzo ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kwesinye isikhathi imithi ephephe ngokuphelele kumuntu omdala ingaba yingozi kakhulu kumntwana, okuvame ukudala ukukhubazeka kwengane ekukhuleni.
Lokhu kungathinta isimo sezitho zangaphakathi zezingane, kufaka namanyikwe.
Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zikashukela, ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, kepha ezinezindlela ezihlukile zokuthuthuka. Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela, noma kunjalo, yi-endocrinologist kuphela engasinquma kahle.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala. Ibalelwa kuma-98% azo zonke izimo zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1-2. Ukhula ngenxa yokwehla okubukhali noma ukunqanyulwa ngokuphelele kwe-insulin secretion. Imbangela yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuvame kakhulu ukufa kwamangqamuzana e-pancreatic akhiqiza i-insulin.
Lawa maseli atholakala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi "izichibi zeLangerhans" futhi angashabalaliswa ngokwengxenye noma aqothulwe ngokuphelele yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amaseli abulala amasosha omzimba wengane. Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi amangqamuzana afile awabuyisiwe, ngakho-ke uhlobo 1 sikashukela lubhekwa njengesifo esingalapheki.
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2. Kwenzeka kuphela ku-2% wezingane ezineminyaka eyi-1. Ngale hlobo lwesifo sikashukela, kukhiqizwa inani elijwayelekile noma eleqile le-insulin ye-hormone enganeni. Kodwa-ke, amangqamuzana angaphakathi wengane alahlekelwa umuzwa wawo kuwo, ngakho-ke i-glucose ayikwazi ukudonswa ngumzimba wayo.
Imbangela yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 imvamisa kuyisiphetho sendabuko. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo sitholakala ezinganeni omama bazo abahlushwa yisifo sikashukela esingancikileli e-insulin.
Okunye okwenza ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kungaba isisindo esikhulu ngokweqile kwengane eqenjini lakhe yobudala.
Izimpawu
Ngokungafani neziguli ezindala isifo sikashukela esingakhula ngaso isikhathi eside, ezinganeni ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala lokhu kugula kufinyelela esigabeni esinamandla cishe ngesivinini sombani. Imvamisa, kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kuze kube sezingeni eliphakeme, kudlula amasonto ama-2 kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abazali bakwazi ukubona ngesikhathi ukuqala kwesifo sikashukela futhi baqale ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo esiyingozi ngaphandle kokulinda izinkinga ezinkulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu komama nobaba abanezingane zabo ezisengozini yesifo sikashukela.
Kodwa ukuze siqashele lesi sifo ekuqaleni, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi iziphi izimpawu ezibonisa ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela nokuthi uzobona udokotela ngokushesha kanjani. Ezinganeni ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala, isifo sikashukela ngokuvamile sizibonakalisa sinezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuchama okusheshayo. Umntwana uvame ukuhamba "ngendlela encane", ngenkathi umchamo wakhe ulula kakhulu ngombala futhi ubukeka njengamanzi;
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngokweqile. Njengoba ilahlekelwe ngumthombo wamandla oyinhloko - ushukela, umzimba uqala ukucubungula amanoni angamakhambi futhi izicubu zemisipha. Ngakho-ke, ingane ngokushesha inciphisa isisindo.
- Umuzwa onamandla wendlala. Ingane enesifo sikashukela iba nesifiso esikhulayo sokudla. Uhlala ecela ukudla, edla izingxenye ezinkulu ngokungajwayelekile. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ingane ayigcini nje ngokululama, kepha futhi kancane kancane ilahlekelwa isisindo;
- Umile njalo. Ingane ibuza sonke isikhathi ukuphuza futhi ingaphuza inani elikhulu loketshezi ngasikhathi. Kepha noma lokhu kucima ukoma kwakhe okwesikhashana;
- Ukukhathala okungapheli. Ingane ihlala ibukeka ikhathele futhi ilele. Unokuphuka, abe engenandaba, akahambi kakhulu;
- Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta. Kumantombazane amancane anesifo sikashukela, i-candidiasis noma i-thrush elula ingavela;
- Isikhumba esikhanyayo. Isifo sikashukela mellitus singadala ukukhula kwezifo zesikhumba, imvamisa kakhulu i-dermatitis. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingane ihlala ilizwa ukulunywa kanzima, ishiya ukuklwebheka okunzima futhi kulimaze isikhumba, okungaholela ekungeneni kanye nokulimala kwesikhumba;
- Umlomo owomile. Njengomphumela wokulahleka kweningi lamanzi ngenxa yokuchama okwandayo, ingane ine ukoma kwawo wonke ama-membrane we-mucous, ikakhulukazi umgodi womlomo. Lokhu kungabonakala ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwamathe;
- Ukuvela kwama-pustule esikhunjeni, ukuvuvukala kwamanxeba amancane, ukwakheka kwejamu emakhoneni omlomo. Noma yimuphi umonakalo esikhunjeni wengane upholisa isikhathi eside kakhulu;
- Ukukhathazeka njalo. Ingane inenkani ngaso sonke isikhathi, ingacasulwa futhi iqale ukukhala ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- Ukwanda kwezinsini zokuphuma kwegazi. Izinsini zonakaliswa kalula futhi ziqala ukopha ngisho nangomthelela omncane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kwawo;
- Ukubona okuhle. Umbono wengane ubonakala kabi, ngenxa yokuthi ingane ingahlala ifiphale noma icabangele ukusondeza eduze kobuso bayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuxilonga
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya ku-2 kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokuthi ingane uqobo lwayo ayisakwazi ukuqonda isizathu sokuwohloka kwesimo sayo futhi ayikwazi ukutshela abazali ngokuningiliziwe ngezimpawu zesifo.
Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zokuqala zesifo zivame ukuba yizimpawu zokubonisa isifo sikashukela enganeni. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zesifo sikashukela enganeni ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuchama kaningi, ukoma kakhulu nendlala engapheli.
Indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuthola ushukela ukuhlolwa kukashukela wegazi. Lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa kuphela esiswini esingenalutho, ngakho-ke isikhathi esingcono kakhulu salokhu kuhlaziya ngakusasa ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni Ngosuku olungaphambi kokuxilongwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa umkhawulo wokudla kwengane ngamaswidi, okuzovumela ukuthola imiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu.
Inani loshukela wegazi enganeni enonyaka yokuzila ukudla:
- Imvelo - isuka ku-2.78 iye ku-4,4 mmol / l;
- Isifo sikashukela - sisuka ku-5 kuye ku-5.5 mmol / l;
- Isifo sikashukela mellitus - sisuka ku-5.5 mmol / l nangaphezulu.
Uma izinga likashukela wegazi elisheshayo lingwedluli okujwayelekile, kodwa ingane ngokusobala inezimpawu zesifo sikashukela, khona-ke ingahle ibe nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukuyikhomba, ingane idinga ukuthatha isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela.
Kwenziwa nesisu esingenalutho ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni. Kulokhu kutholwa, ingane inikezwa inani elincane lekhambi le-glucose ukuphuza, bese kuthathwa igazi ukuze lihlaziywe kusuka emunweni njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 amahora angama-2. Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni ukuthi likhuphuka kanjani izinga likashukela emzimbeni wengane ngemuva kokudla.
Isikhombi esibaluleke kakhulu ushukela wegazi wosana 2 amahora ngemuva kokuthatha ushukela.
Uma lidlula uphawu lwe-7.7 mmol / l, khona-ke ingane itholakala nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Ukwelashwa
Ngeshwa, isifo sikashukela asikwazi ukunqotshwa ngokuphelele. Kepha ekutholeni impatho efanele, ingane izokwazi ukuhola impilo ephelele. Ukwelashwa okwanele kwesifo sikashukela kunciphisa umthelela wayo esikhathini sokuphila futhi namuhla umuntu onesifo sikashukela kusukela ebuntwaneni esemncane ngeke aphile ngokungaphansi kontanga yakhe enempilo.
Ukudla kubalulekile ekwelashweni kwesifo sikashukela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeda ngokuphelele konke ukudla okuphezulu kuma-carbohydrate kusuka ekudleni kwengane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: noma imaphi amaswidi, isinkwa esenziwe ngofulawa omhlophe, iziqhekathi, amakhekhe abhakwe, usodamu omnandi, ujusi wezithelo, noma uluphi uhlobo lwamazambane, i-semolina, ilayisi elimhlophe, i-pasta.
Ngalesi sifo, okusanhlamvu okuvela ku-buckwheat, i-oat noma ummbila kanye namasaladi avela emifino emisha kuzoba wusizo enganeni. Izithelo namajikijolo nazo kuzoba ukwengeza okuhle ekunakekelweni kwesifo sikashukela esincane. Kodwa-ke, akufanele kube mnandi kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhanana kufanele kushiywe ngokuphelele.
Lapho kuphekelwa ingane, kufanele kunikezwe izitsha zokukhanya nokugaya ngokushesha, okuzovumela ukungalayishi ama-pancreas athinteka yilesi sifo. Noma yikuphi ukudla okunamafutha noma okunama-khalori aphezulu kufanele kungafakwa ngokuphelele ekudleni kwengane.
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela kanye nobunzima besi sifo. Ngakho-ke ngohlobo lwe-1 sikashukela mellitus, ukwelashwa okwelapha empeleni kufaka imijovo yansulin yansuku zonke. Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin ezinganeni kusuka eminyakeni eyi-1 kuya kwengu-2 kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esilandelayo:
- Ukujova kwe-insulin isikhathi eside isikhathi esingu-1 ngosuku noma nge-insulin esebenza kabili ngezikhathi ezimbili ngosuku;
- Imijovo ye-Ultrashort insulin ngaphambi kokudla ngakunye.
Umthamo we-insulin unqunywa yi-endocrinologist. Uma kunesidingo, singashintshwa ngokungeza noma ukukhipha amayunithi angu-1-2 kwithosi elibekiwe. Ukungezelela noma ukwehlisa umthamo ngamayunithi amaningi kudikibala ngamandla ukuze kugwemeke imiphumela emibi.
Imininingwane ngezimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kunikezwe kuvidiyo kule ndatshana.
