Thayipha ukudla kweshukela kababili

Isifo sikashukela i- mellitus sibizwa nge- endocrinopathy, esibonakaliswa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin noma i-pancreatic hormone ephazamisekile. Zombili lezi zinqubo zenza i-hyperglycemia (ushukela wegazi ophezulu). Isimo se-pathological sisuselwa ekuthatheni isimo sofuzo, kepha ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukungondleki kahle, indlela yokuphila engasebenzi, kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingadala inqubo ye-autoimmune emzimbeni zithathwa njengezici ezishukumisayo.

Lesi sifo sinezindlela eziningi, ezejwayelekile kakhulu ezimbili.

Uhlobo lwe-1 mellitus yesifo sikashukela lubonakaliswa eqinisweni lokuthi izinsiza ezifakwayo zepancreas azikwazi ukukhiqiza inani elanele le-insulin ye-hormone. Ngenxa yalokhu, amangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba onqenqemeni kuhlushwa ukuntuleka kweglucose, namandla. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yi-insulin okufanele ihambise ama-molecule woshukela emangqamuzaneni.

Uhlobo lwe-2 lwesifo “esimnandi”, njengoba isifo sikashukela luvame ukubizwa ngalo, kungenxa yokuthi amaseli omzimba alahlekelwa ukuzwela kwawo esenzweni se-insulin lapho sakhiwe ngokwanele. Umphumela uyafana - isamba esikhulu sikashukela sihlala sisegazini, futhi i-periphery ihlangabezana nokuphelelwa amandla.

Kungani abanesifo sikashukela bedinga ukulungiswa kokudla okunempilo?

I-carbohydrate metabolism ithathwa njengesisekelo sokuthola izinsiza zamandla ukugeleza kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Inqubo imi kanje:

• Ukudla okwenziwe nge-carbohydrate kungena emzimbeni futhi kungenela umgudu wamathumbu. Lapha ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezincane, kufaka phakathi i-monosaccharides.
• Iglucose ekhishwe idonswa odongeni lwepheshana lesisu bese ingena egazini. I-hyperglycemia yesikhathi esifushane kwenzeka.
• Ama-pancreas athola isibonakaliso sokuthi ushukela wegazi uphakeme kunokwejwayelekile, ngokulandelana, uphonsa ingxenye ye-insulin ye-hormone.
• Umuthi osebenza ngama-hormone udlulisa ama-molecule woshukela iye kwiziqongo, "uwavulela" umnyango ukuthi ungene ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, le nqubo ayiqhubeki, futhi lonke ushukela luhlala egazini.
• Ukuvela kwamakhemikhali athile kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaseli, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka amanzi nenani elithile lamandla ushukela.

Uhlelo lwenkambo lwe-carbohydrate metabolism emzimbeni womuntu

Kwabanesifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukulawula inqubo yokudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate emzimbeni, ngoba izigaba ezibalulekile ze-saccharide metabolism ziyaphazamiseka. Ukudla okune-carb ephansi ne-calorie ephansi yohlobo 2 sikashukela kuhloselwe ukubuyisela isisindo isiguli, kunciphise umthwalo kuma-pancreas nakwezinye izitho zangaphakathi, kususwe i-cholesterol eyeqile emzimbeni.

Imithetho eyinhloko yokwelashwa kokudla ushukela

Ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthi kungafakwa ekudleni okudla okuqukethe kalula ama-carbohydrate, bese ubathathela izitsha ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefayibha nezinye izinto zokudla.

Omunye umthetho oyinhloko ukwenqaba ushukela ngokuphelele. Akunconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe zombili ngefomu lazo elihlanzekile (ngokwesibonelo, ezingezwe etiyeni), futhi njengengxenye yezitsha (ujamu owenziwe ekhaya, namakhekhe). Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi kungcono ukunikela ngokuthandwa ngabenzi bezomnandi noma bemvelo, okuzoxoxwa kabanzi ngakho ngezansi.

Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ibhalansi yamanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenye yamaphuzu okuvimbela izinkinga ezinzima zesifo sikashukela. Isiguli kufanele siphuze amalitha amanzi u-1.5-2 nsuku zonke, kufaka ekudleni kwakhe hhayi nje kuphela ukuphuza amanzi ngaphandle kwegesi, kodwa futhi netiye eliluhlaza, iziphuzo zezithelo ezingafakwanga, ujusi osanda kufakwa, ama-compotes.

Ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa okucacile kwesifo sikashukela, umzimba womuntu usebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto zokulandela kanye namavithamini. Inani elikhulu lezinto likhishwa kumchamo ngenxa ye-polyuria, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphinda kugcwalise imali ebilondoloziwe. Isiguli kufanele sifake ekudleni kokudla okune-calcium, i-magnesium, iodine, i-potassium, i-iron, i-selenium ne-manganese.

Amavithamini kanye nama-microelements kufanele angene emzimbeni womuntu okungenani ngemithamo emincane, kodwa nsuku zonke

Ukudla okunempilo kususelwa ekudleni okuyi-5-6 ngosuku emzimbeni. Phakathi kokudla kwasekuseni, isidlo sasemini kanye nesidlo sakusihlwa, iziguli kufanele zithathe ukudla okulula ukudla ukuze zivikele umuzwa wendlala nokudla ngokweqile okulandelayo.

Ochwepheshe bancoma ukulahla ngokuphelele iziphuzo ezibandakanya i-ethanol noma okuphuma kuyo. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kugqokile nentuthuko ye-hypoglycemia ebizwa ngokuthi ukubambezeleka, okuyingozi ngemiphumela yako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshwala buthinta kabi amaseli wesibindi namanyikwe, izinso nobuchopho.

Izindlela zokukhetha imikhiqizo yemenyu yangasese

Ukudla uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kususelwa ezinkombeni eziningana zokudla nezitsha:

• inkomba ye-glycemic;
• inkomba ye-insulin;
• okuqukethwe kwekhalori;
• isilinganiso samaprotheni, ama-lipids nama-carbohydrate.

Inkomba ye-Insulin

Lesi yisinkomba esivele sibalwe emayunithi, esichaza ukuthi malini i-pancreas edinga ukukhipha i-insulin esebenzayo egazini ukuze anele ukubuyisela ushukela kokujwayelekile ngemuva kokudla. Imvamisa, aboshukela abethembele nge-insulin basebenzisa inkomba ye-insulin. Ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sikashukela, kudingeka isimo esifanayo semikhiqizo uma isiguli sikwelashwa kwe-insulin futhi nemishini yaso ye-insulin incishisiwe kakhulu.

Imikhiqizo enezinombolo eziphakeme ze-insulin index ifaka:

• isinkwa nokubhaka;
• ubisi
• amazambane abilisiwe;
• I-Confectionery
• iyogathi.

Izinyathelo zokuqala ohlelweni lokulungiswa komsoco zizosiza ochwepheshe abafanelekayo

Ukudla nezinhlanzi ezingekho emthethweni kudluliselwa eqenjini lemikhiqizo enezinkomba ezijwayelekile ze-AI, kanti i-muesli, i-buckwheat, i-oatmeal namaqanda asezingeni eliphansi. Ngendlela, iziguli zivunyelwe ukudla amaqanda enkukhu ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe (azikho ngaphezu kwezingcezu ezimbili ngosuku, futhi kuy efiseleka ukufaka ama-yolks kumenyu), kepha amaqanda izigwaca angasetjenziswa ngabezokudla ukudla ukudla okungama-6 ngosuku ngaphandle kokwesaba.

Inkomba ye-Glycemic

Le nkomba ibaliwe nayo yonke imikhiqizo. Kukhona amatafula akhethekile lapho idatha iqoshwa khona. Inkomba ye-glycemic ikhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo noma isitsha esithile sithinta kangakanani izinga le-glycemia emzimbeni. Ukuphakama kwamanani, umkhiqizo usheshe ubangele ukukhuphuka koshukela egazini lomuntu ngemuva kokudla ekudleni.

Yini engingayidla ngohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela + itafula

Ama-indices womkhiqizo abalwa maqondana nenkomba ye-glucose (i-GI yayo ingu-100 futhi kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile lapho ireferensi yenziwe khona). Inkomba ye-glycemic yomkhiqizo ofanayo ingashintsha, ngokuya ngezinto ezilandelayo:

• inqubo yokuhlaziya umkhiqizo;
• uhlobo lwama-carbohydrate ekwakhiweni;
• inani lezinto ezinamaprotheni namafutha ekwakhiweni;
• ukuba khona kwefayibha yokudla.

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori

Usebenzisa le nkomba, ungbala ukuthi angakanani amandla okuthola umzimba womuntu kumkhiqizo othile, indishi. Okuqukethwe kwe-caloric akukhona ngemikhiqizo kuphela, kepha futhi neziphuzo. Ukudla kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kubandakanya ukubalwa okuphoqelekile kokudla nsuku zonke amakhalori, okungukuthi, inani lamakhalori umuntu okufanele awathole kungakapheli amahora angama-24.

Isazi se-endocrinologist noma isazi sezempilo sisiza ekunqumeni okuqukethwe ikhalori yansuku zonke kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, futhi ezimweni ezihlukene zomtholampilo, izinombolo zingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ikhalori kuncike ku:

• kusukela eminyakeni yesiguli;
• umthetho-sisekelo womzimba;
• ubulili
• ukukhula
• inqubo yansuku zonke nendlela yokuphila;
• izinga lomsebenzi womzimba;
• isisindo somzimba
• degree yokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.

Yini engcono ukuyifaka kwimenyu, futhi yini okufanele ilahlwe?

Ngakho-ke ukuthi ushukela awukhuphuki, indlela yokudla isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ifaka ukwahlukaniswa kwayo yonke imikhiqizo emaqenjini ambalwa. Owokuqala - lokho kudla okungadliwa ngaphandle kwemikhawulo, okwesibili - ukudla okungadliwa, kepha ngamanani afanele. Iqembu lesithathu lenqatshelwe, okungukuthi, kungcono ukulahla ngokuphelele isifo sikashukela.

Imifino nezithelo

Leli yiqembu lomkhiqizo elivumelekile. Imifino eminingi inamanani aphansi we-glycemic index; imibhede enemibala eluhlaza ibhekwa njengewusizo ngokukhethekile. Indawo yokuqala ohlwini lwabamele abaphephile nabazuzisayo ispinashi. Ilungele labo abafuna ukwehlisa isisindo, ngoba inothile nge-iron, uvithamini A ne-folic acid.

Imifino - iqembu lemikhiqizo elingasetshenziswa ukulungisa i-appetizer, amasaladi, izifundo zokuqala, izitsha eziseceleni

Isipinashi silandelwa utamatisi. Kubhekwa njengomkhiqizo wekhalori ongaphansi, umthombo we-ascorbic acid, beta-carotene ne-potassium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into enikeza utamatisi ngombala ofanele ibhekwa njenge-antioxidant enamandla. Ibopha futhi isuse ama-radicals mahhala emzimbeni, ivimbela ukulimala emithanjeni yegazi ne-myocardium.

Enye imifino eluhlaza sikashukela yi-broccoli. Ochwepheshe ekuthuthukiseni izondlamzimba zokudla batusa ukukhetha umkhiqizo oluhlaza omnyama bawusebenzise ngokushesha emva kokuthenga. Ngakho-ke, inani eliphezulu lamavithamini namaminerali lingena emzimbeni.

Ikhukhamba ungomunye wabaholi kokuqukethwe kwayo okuphansi kwekhalori, yingakho isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekudleni okuhlukahlukene. Uqukethe inani elikhulu le-ascorbic acid, potassium ne-Vitamin K.

Ukudla uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuncoma ukufaka izithelo ezilandelayo ekudleni kwakho:

• ama-blueberries - i-berry esekela umsebenzi we-visual analyzer, othinta kahle isimo segaya yokugaya ukudla, inenani elincane lama-Saccharides ekwakhiweni;
• ama-cherries - yidla okusha (ujamu, amajikijolo omisiwe kufanele alahlwe ngenxa yokufaka kungenzeka ushukela ekwakhiweni), ngendlela yama-compotes;
• i-peach - ehlanganiswe nezinongo, ingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-yogurt, i-compote, itiye;
• i-apula - kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezingafakwanga, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi udle kanye no-peel;
• I-Apricot - inesibalo esikhulu sokudla kokufakelwa ekwakhiweni, okuthinta kahle umsebenzi wegaya wokugaya ukudla futhi inyusa kancane izibalo ze-glycemia ngemuva kokudla.

Inyama nenhlanzi

I-memo yesifo sikashukela igcizelela ukuthi kuphela inyama nezinhlanzi ezinamafutha zingafakwa kwimenyu yomuntu ngamunye. Kungcono ukwenqaba ingulube ngokuphelele, okokuqala ngqa ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kokuxilongwa kwezifo. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle yinyama yenkukhu, unogwaja, inyama yenkomo, iturkey.

Inyama yiprotheni edingekayo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba, ukudala amaseli amasha, kanye nokugcinwa kokugomela ezingeni eliphakeme, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwenqaba ngokuphelele. Kungcono ukuthi udle umkhiqizo ongafika ku-500-700 g ngeviki, uhlukanise ngokulinganayo ngosuku. Njengokulindelekile, kufanele kuphekwe kusetshenziswa i-stewing, ukubilisa, ukubhaka kuhhavini, kugcwele amandla.

Ukudla inyama kufanele kusakhawulelwe, ngoba aqukethe inani elikhulu le-lipids elimazayo. Inketho enhle kakhulu ibhekwa njengolimi lwenkomo ebilisiwe. Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-appetizer noma amasaladi.

Inhlanzi ibuye ibe yiprotein, okuthi ngayo, indlela, ibe ngaphasi kwenyama. Imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi iqukethe ama-omega-3 nama-omega-6 fatty acids, avimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezilonda zesibindi ze-atherosselotic, ukusekela umsebenzi wenhliziyo, ubuchopho.

Inani elincane lokudla kwasolwandle kungadliwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlanzi

Kwabanesifo sikashukela, okulandelayo kuyanconywa:

• trout;
• zander;
• i-crucian carp;
• i-perch;
• Pollock

Kubalulekile! Inkinga ehlukile kungamafutha enhlanzi. Izinzuzo zayo futhi ziye zafakazelwa ukubonga ngokuba khona kwama-omega-3 fatty acids.

Izihlobo

Izinzuzo zokusanhlamvu zisenanini le-fiber efakwe ekwakhekeni kwazo. Umuthi ukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule kancane ushukela egazini, uthuthukise umgudu wokugaya ukudla, ugculise umzimba womuntu ogulayo ngama-macro- nama-microelements awusizo, amavithamini.

Izazi zokudla okunempilo zincoma ukungadli umkhiqizo ongaphezu kwama-200 g ekudleni okukodwa, kungcono ukudla kwasekuseni.

Uhlobo lopholi olungafakwa kumenyu:

• I-Millet - ecebile ngama-amino acid, okunamafutha acid, amavithamini e-B-series. Ingadliwa kaningi, akunqweneleki ukuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo yobisi. IMillet iqinisa amasosha omzimba, izicubu zomzimba, isheshise inqubo yokuqedwa kobuthi.
• I-Oatmeal - ungadla nsuku zonke, kepha kufanele unake inani elikhulu lama-carbohydrate ekwakhiweni (ngendlela, ama-carbohydrate amelwe yi-fiber kanye ne-fiber yokudla, okusho ukuthi avunyelwe ushukela).
• I-Buckwheat - inamadijithi ajwayelekile enkomba ye-glycemic, inothile nge-magnesium, insimbi. I-Croup inamandla okulwa namaseli womdlavuza, uthathwa njenge-antioxidant enamandla.
• I-Perlovka - ine-GI ephansi, iqukethe cishe wonke amavithamini e-B, aqinisa isimo sohlelo lwezinzwa. Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa amanani amakhulu abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nalabo abahlushwa ukuqhakaza.
• IMamalyga - ithathwa njengesigcino se-Vitamin A ne-tocopherol, ekuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze izinto ezibonakalayo, isimo sesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwama-mucous, okubalulekile kwisifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile! Vumela iphalishi elivunyelwe isonto lonke ukuze ukudla kungabizi.

Imikhiqizo yobisi olu-Sour

Ubisi luwumkhiqizo ovunyelwe "isifo esimnandi". Ukuze uyisebenzise, ​​udinga ukulandela imithetho elula. Isimo sansuku zonke singama-250-400 ml, futhi ubisi kufanele lube nokuqukethwe okunamafutha amancane. Kungcono ukufaka ubisi lwenkomo ekudleni, ngoba umkhiqizo wembuzi unenani eliphakeme lokudla kanye nokuqukethwe kwamafutha.

Ubisi lunezici zokuthinta kahle isimo se-microflora yamathumbu, ukuqinisa ukuvikela komzimba, kanye namazinga e-cholesterol aphansi egazini.

Omunye umkhiqizo ovunyelwe yi-kefir. Imibandela yokusebenzisa kwayo imi ngolu hlobo:

• okuqukethwe okunamafutha amancane;
• ubunjalo bemvelo;
• ukuvuselelwa okuphezulu;
• ukuntuleka kokunambitheka (ukukhuluma ngama-yoghurts wesitolo, uma kuphekwe ekhaya, ungangeza izithelo ezingafakwanga).

Ukulungiselela iyogathi ngokwakho akuyona umsebenzi onzima, lo mkhiqizo ungasetshenziselwa nokugqoka amasaladi

Ama-Nutritionists atusa ukufaka i-Whey, inani elincane lamashizi aphansi, ushizi wekhotishi, ukhilimu omuncu kwimenyu yesifo sikashukela. Uma sikhuluma ngo-ukhilimu omuncu, lapha, ngokungafani nalokho, ochwepheshe baluleka ukuthi badle umkhiqizo wesitolo, ngoba ukhilimu omuncu owenziwe ekhaya noma ukhilimu unamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu wokuqukethwe kwamafutha.

Utshwala

Imibono yokuthi utshwala buvunyelwe yini kubantu abaneshukela.Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi utshwala buphikisana ngokuphelele, kanti abanye bathi kungenzeka ukuthi kudle okungenani iziphuzo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Iqiniso ngukuthi amandla okuphuza utshwala ngokuphelele kuya esigabeni salesi sifo. Izinga eliphansi livumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-200 ml yewayini elibomvu elomile noma i-50-70 ml yeziphuzo ezingamashumi amane centigrade ngomkhosi owodwa.

Ngokunciphisa, kufanele ubushiye ngokuphelele utshwala, ngoba kule nkathi isiguli sivele sinezinkinga zomzimba zangaphakathi, uhlelo lwezinzwa, izinso, amehlo. Ukuphuza utshwala kubuye kugqame ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia ebambezelekile. Lesi simo sikhonjiswa ukwehla okubukhali koshukela wegazi ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, okungenzeki ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuza iziphuzo ezinamandla, kepha ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile (imvamisa ephusheni).

Uma i-endocrinologist yokwelapha ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwenani elincane lotshwala, imithetho elandelayo kufanele ibonwe:

• nikeza utshwala esiswini esingenalutho;
• lawula inani elidliwe ngesikhathi somkhosi;
• hlola ushukela wegazi ngaphambi kokuphuza kanye namahora ambalwa emva kwalokho;
• uphuze kuphela utshwala osezingeni eliphakeme;
• khumbuza umuntu osondelene naye noma umngani okukho enkampanini yakho ukuthi unesifo (kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu akwazi ukulawula isimo sakho kusuka ngaphandle);
• ukubala ngokunembile inani le-insulin edingekayo ngomjovo esimweni sokusetshenziswa kwe-insulin ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela.

Izici zokusebenzisa ama-sweeteners anesifo sohlobo 2

Ama-Nutritionists ancoma ukusebenzisa ama-sweeteners wemvelo noma owenziwe, futhi alahle ushukela ngokuphelele. Izinto zemvelaphi yemvelo ngama-maple syrup, i-stevia ekhishwe, uju, i-fructose. Usebenzisa yonke le mikhiqizo nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ekudleni, kufanele uyicabangele lapho ubala amakhalori.

Ubumnandi begramu ye-stevia ekhishwe bulingana nobumnandi bama-300 amagremu kashukela

IStevia isitshalo esikhiwayo sinobumnandi obukhulu, kepha ayikhulisi i-glycemia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-stevia ilwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, inempahla yokugaya, futhi ivimbela umsebenzi obalulekile wamagciwane athile nesikhunta.

Esikhundleni sokufakelwa:

• cyclamate
• saccharin
• i-aspartame.

Ukulandela izeluleko zochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe, ungasigcina lesi sifo sisesimweni sesinxephezelo, ukubambezeleka isikhathi sokwenzeka kwezinkinga ezingamahlalakhona isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ulondoloze impilo ephezulu.