Isifo sikashukela yisimo esidalwa yi-pancreas esihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zesifo: uhlobo lwe-pathology oluzimele noluzimele lwe-insulin. Umehluko wabo ususelwa kunqubo yokukhula kwalesi sifo kanye nenkambo yaso.
Izici zesifo sikashukela esingathembele ku-insulin
Esikhathini esiningi, ukuqagela ifa kanye nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala kudlala indima enkulu ekwenziweni kwalesi sifo phakathi kwazo zonke izici zokuzalwa. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 saziwa ngokuthi ama-pancreas akhiqiza inani elanele le-hormone, kodwa amangqamuzana nezicubu zomzimba zinokuqonda okunciphile esenzweni sawo. Ngokokukhuluma nje, "abayiboni," ngenxa yokuthi ushukela ovela egazini awunakuthunyelwa ukuze uchithe inani lamandla elifunekayo. I-Hyperglycemia iyakhula.
Izinkomba ze-glucose ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene
Igazi le-capillary linoshukela ophansi kunegazi le-venous. Umehluko ungafinyelela ku-10-12%. Ekuseni ngaphambi kokungena kokudla emzimbeni, imiphumela yokuthatha ushukela wesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kusuka emunweni kufanele ifane nomuntu ophilile (ngemuva kwalokhu, wonke amazinga kashukela kukhonjiswa ku-mmol / l):
- Isilinganiso esingu-5.55
- ubuncane ngu-3.33.
Izinkomba zegazi lowesifazane azifani nezabantu besilisa. Lokhu akunakushiwo ngomzimba wezingane. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana zinamazinga kashukela aphansi:
- inani eliphakeme - 4.4,
- ubuncane - 2.7.
Ukuhlaziywa kwegazi le-capillary lezingane zesikhathi samabanga aphansi kukhonjiswa ebangeni kusuka ku-3.3 kuya ku-5.
Igazi leVenous
Amasampula wezinto ezivela emthanjeni adinga izimo zelebhu. Lokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kwamapharamitha egazi we-capillary kungenziwa ekhaya kusetshenziswa i-glucometer. Imiphumela yenani le-glucose iyaziwa ngosuku olulodwa ngemuva kokuthatha impahla.
Igazi le-venous - impahla yokuqokwa kwelabhoratri yezinkomba ze-glucose
Abantu abadala nezingane, kusukela esikhathini sobudala besikole, bangathola impendulo ngenkomba engu-6 mmol / l, futhi lokhu kuzothathwa njengokujwayelekile.
Izinkomba ngezinye izikhathi
Izikhala ezibalulekile zamazinga kashukela kuhlobo 2 sikashukela azilindelekile, ngaphandle kokuthi izinkinga zesifo sezakhiwe. Ukukhula okuncane kungenzeka, okunemikhawulo ethile eyamukelekayo edingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe izinga le-glucose (in mmol / l):
- ekuseni, ngaphambi kokuba ukudla kungene emzimbeni - kuze kufike ku-6,6.1;
- ngemuva kwehora ngemuva kokudla - kufika ku-8.8-8.9;
- ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa - kuze kufike ku-6.5-6.7;
- ngaphambi kokuphumula kusihlwa - kufika ku-6.7;
- ebusuku - kuze kufike ku-5;
- ekuhlaziyeni umchamo - ungekho noma ungafika ku-0,5%.
Ushukela ngemuva kokudla nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2
Lapho isidlo esinezinga elithile lama-carbohydrate singena emlonyeni, ama-enzyme omuntu ophilile, ayingxenye yamathe, aqala inqubo yokuhlukana abe ama-monosaccharides. I-glucose etholiwe igxishwe ku-mucosa futhi ingena egazini. Lesi isibonakaliso kuma-pancreas wokuthi kudingeka ingxenye ethile ye-insulin. Sekuvele kulungiselelwe futhi kwahlanganiswa kusengaphambili ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwanda okubukhali koshukela.
I-insulin yehlisa ushukela bese amanyikwe uqhubeka "nokusebenza" ukubhekana nokuvuza okungaphezulu. Ukuqunjelwa kwe-hormone eyengeziwe kubizwa ngokuthi "isigaba sesibili sokuphendula kwe-insulin." Iyadingeka manje esigabeni sokugaya. Ingxenye yoshukela iba yi-glycogen bese iya kudepho yesibindi, bese iyingxenye yezicubu zomsipha ne-adipose.
I-insulin secretion iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-carbohydrate metabolism.
Umzimba wesiguli onesifo sikashukela i- mellitus usabela ngendlela ehlukile. Inqubo yokufakwa kwe-carbohydrate kanye nokukhuphuka koshukela wegazi kwenzeka ngohlelo olufanayo, kepha ama-pancreas awanalo i-hormone elondoloziwe ngenxa yokuncipha kwamangqamuzana, ngakho-ke, inani elikhishwa kulesi sigaba alibalulekile.
Uma isigaba sesibili senqubo singakathinteka, khona-ke amazinga ama-hormone adingekayo azophuma ngaphezulu kwamahora amaningi, kepha sonke lesi sikhathi ushukela usalokhu uphakamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin kufanele ithumele ushukela kumangqamuzana nezicubu, kepha ngenxa yokumelana nayo okuthe xaxa, "amasango" amaselula avaliwe. Kuyasiza ne-hyperglycemia ende. Isimo esinjalo siholela ekukhuleni kwezinqubo ezingenakuphikiswa ezingxenyeni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, izinso, uhlelo lwezinzwa, kanye nokuhlaziywa okubukwayo.
Ushukela wasekuseni
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sinesici esibizwa ngokuthi iMorning Dawn Syndrome. Le nto ihambisana nokushintshwa okubukhali kwenani likashukela egazini ekuseni ngemuva kokuvuka. Isimo lesi kasiqapheleki kuphela kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi nakubantu abaphilile ngokuphelele.
Ukushintshashintsha koshukela kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kuka-4 a.m no-8 a.m. Umuntu ophilile akaboni izinguquko esimweni sakhe, kodwa isiguli sizwa ukungakhululeki. Azikho izizathu zokushintshwa okunjalo kwezinkomba: izidakamizwa ezidingekayo zithathwe ngesikhathi, azange kube nokuhlaselwa kokunciphiswa koshukela esikhathini esiseduze esedlule. Cabanga ukuthi kungani kukhona ukugxuma okubukhali.
Umkhuba wokusa kokusa - isimo esidala ukungaphatheki kahle kweziguli ezinesifo "esimnandi"
Umshini wokuthuthukiswa kwento
Ebusuku ngesikhathi sokulala, uhlelo lwesibindi kanye nemisipha yemisipha ithola isibonakaliso sokuthi izinga le-glucagon emzimbeni liphezulu futhi umuntu udinga ukwandisa izitolo ezinoshukela, ngoba ukudla akuphekiwe. Ukweqisa kwe-glucose kuvela ngenxa yokushoda kwama-hormone kusuka ku-glucagon-peptide-1, i-insulin ne-amylin (i-enzyme ebambezela ukumuncwa kweglucose ngemuva kokudla ipheshana lesisu kungena egazini).
I-hyperglycemia yasekuseni nayo ingakhula ibhekene nesizinda sesenzo esisebenzayo se-cortisol kanye ne-hormone yokukhula. Kusekuseni lapho ukufihla kwabo okuphezulu kwenzeka. Umzimba ophilile uphendula ngokukhiqiza inani elingeziwe lamahomoni alawula amazinga kashukela. Kepha isiguli asikwazi ukwenza lokhu.
Ungawuthola kanjani umcimbi
Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukuthatha imitha yeglue kashukela ubusuku bonke. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuqala kokulinganisa ngemuva kwamahora ama-2 nokuwaqhuba ngezikhathi ezithile kuze kufinyelele ku-7-00 ngehora. Ngokulandelayo, izinkomba zezilinganiso zokuqala nezokugcina ziqhathaniswa. Ngokwanda kwabo kanye nomehluko obalulekile, singafunga ukuthi isimanga sokuntwela kokusa siyatholakala.
Ukulungiswa kwe-hyperglycemia yasekuseni
Kunezincomo eziningi, ukuhambisana nakho okuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kwasekuseni:
- Qala ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela, futhi uma esetshenzisiwe esele zingasebenzi, buyekeza ukwelashwa noma ungeze omusha. Imiphumela emihle yatholakala kwiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ezithatha iMetformin, iJanuvia, i-Onglizu, iVictoza.
- Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa i-insulin therapy, engokweqembu lokuthatha isikhathi eside.
- Ukuze wehlise isisindo. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana omzimba kwi-insulin.
- Thatha isidlo esincane ngaphambi kokulala. Lokhu kuzonciphisa isikhathi lapho isibindi sidinga ukukhiqiza ushukela.
- Khulisa umsebenzi wezimoto. Indlela yokunyusa inyusa amathuba okuba izicubu zezinto ezisebenza ngama-hormone zisebenze.
Ukugcwalisa idayari yokuziqapha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokubheka i-pathology in dynamics
Imodi yokulinganisa
Sonke isiguli esaziyo ukuthi yiliphi izinga eliphakeme likashukela egazini kufanele libe nedayari yokuzihlola, lapho kufakwa imiphumela yokuthola izinkomba ekhaya ngosizo lwe-glucometer. Isifo sikashukela esinga-insulin sidinga ukukala amazinga kashukela ngale imvamisa elandelayo:
- zonke ezinye izinsuku esimweni sesinxephezelo;
- uma ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kudingekile, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuphathwa ngakunye komuthi;
- ukuthatha imishanguzo yokwehlisa ushukela kudinga izilinganiso eziningana - ngaphambi nangemva kokufakwa kokudla;
- ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umuntu ezizwa elamba, kodwa ethola ukudla okwanele;
- ebusuku;
- ngemuva kokuzivocavoca umzimba.
Ukugcinwa kwezinkomba ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo
Isiguli esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kufanele sidle kaningi, sigwema ikhefu elide phakathi kokudla. Isidingo ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa inqwaba yezinongo, ukudla okusheshayo, imikhiqizo ethosiwe futhi yabhema.
Umbuso wokuzivocavoca umzimba kufanele uhambisane nokuphumula okuhle. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ube nokudla okulula nawe ukwanelisa indlala yakho yangaphakathi. Musa ukubeka umkhawulo esilinganisweni samanzi aphuziwe, kepha ngasikhathi sinye uqaphe isimo sezinso.
Yenqaba imiphumela yokuxineka. Vakashela udokotela wakho njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ukulawula lesi sifo ngamandla. Uchwepheshe kufanele ajwayele izinkomba zokuzithiba, aqoshwe kwidayari yomuntu siqu.
Isifo sohlobo 2 kufanele sibhekwe njalo enkambweni yaso, ngoba igcwele izinkinga ezinkulu. Ukulandela izeluleko odokotela kuzosiza ukuvimba ukuthuthukiswa kwama-pathologies anjalo futhi kugcinwe amazinga kashukela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.
