Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimanje kwezinhlobo zesifo se-endocrinological eyaziwa kusukela kwasungulwa umhlaba wasendulo ngo-1979. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) isungule ikomidi labachwepheshe besifo sikashukela. Emsebenzini wezokwelapha, imiqondo yemvelo eyisisekelo neyesibili yalesi sifo, ama-hypoglycemic agents ezizukulwane ezahlukahlukene, amasirinji akhethekile, ama-glucometer asebenzayo kanye nemichilo yokuhlola isivele isetshenziswa kabanzi. Kepha umbuzo wokuthi isifo sikashukela sohlobo olu-1 sihluke kanjani kwisifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 akuyeki ukuthi usebenze.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwangempela kwesifo sikashukela
Kukholelwa ukuthi isiguli ngasinye isifo esifanayo sinezimpawu zaso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izidalwa ezingabantu zihlukile. Bahlukile futhi bahlukile ngokwemishado yokuphepha, amagugu ezakhi zofuzo, kanye nezimo zokuphila.
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamafomu uvumela ama-endocrinologists amaningi ukuthi acabangele ukuthi lezi yizifo ezimbili ezizimele ezihlobene ne-pathology yesitho esisodwa - ama-pancreas. Into eyimfihlo eyikhiqizayo isiza ushukela ukungena kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni njengokudla okunempilo. Ukudla okudlisiwe kwe-carbohydrate kuphenduka i-saccharide elula.
Amaseli e-pancreatic ngokwengxenye noma alahlekelwa ngokuphelele, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, amandla okukhiqiza inani elidingekayo le-hormone. Uma bengakwazi ukukhiqiza into eyimfihlo ngokuphelele, khona-ke ukuphela kwendlela yokwelashwa namuhla kungukujova kwe-insulin ekudleni okunikezwe.
Umbono ofanayo akufanele wesabise abantu abanesifo sikashukela nabathandekayo babo:
Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2- imijovo engasasebenzi ibhekwa kwezokwelapha izindlela ezilula phakathi kwezinqubo ezifanayo;
- ngisho nezimpumputhe zingayifaka i-insulin ngokwazo, icubungule umthamo ngokuchofoza ipeni lesirinji;
- inaliti emincane empeleni ayibangeli buhlungu obuvela ekujozeni ngokulimala engxenyeni engenhla yesikhumba.
Imiphumela yesimo sokungalaleli empilweni yomuntu imibi kakhulu. Ikusasa alikho kude lapho amaphilisi akhethekile angasetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-insulin. Amagobolondo abo akhethekile ngeke avumele into yeprotheni ukuba ivezwe kuma-enzymes wokugaya emgodini wesisu. Ngemuva kwalokho ukwahlukaniswa kuzoshintshwa.
Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuqala nesibili zesifo sikashukela
Ukwahlulela ngokwelashwa nge-insulin noma ngaphandle kwayo, ukuqondiswa okuyinhloko kokulawulwa kwezifo kuyashintsha - ukudla. Ngokuntuleka ngokuphelele kwama-hormone emzimbeni, kuvela uhlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela, ngokukhiqizwa kwengxenye yesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Amafomu abo wesibili anendawo.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezifo zingazalwa futhi zizalwe njengefa. Uhlobo lwentsha noma "ushukela omncane" luvame kakhulu ezinganeni (izinsana, intsha). Ifomu elincike ku-insulin lihambisana nomonakalo ngokuphelele kumaseli we-pancreatic beta.
Isitho sohlelo lwe-endocrine kuleli cala sehluleka ngokuphelele ukuhlukanisa i-hormone. I-pathology efanayo iziveza ngokungazelelwe, ngokushesha. Ezimweni eziyi-10%, kungaqalwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (i-rubella, isimungumungwane, umkhuhlane).
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 unjengokulandelayo:
- isimo sokuqala kwesifo;
- indlela yokusebenza
- izindlela zokwelashwa.
Eminyakeni engu-30 yobudala, isibonakaliso sikhula ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ngisho nezinsuku. Ukuqala kwezifo kubantu abasengozini kungadala ukukhathazeka ngokweqile. Lokhu kushesha kugadla kubantu abasha. Ukuba seminyakeni lapho kuze kube muva nje bekuyinto engenzeka ukuthi ukuba yindlala ngokukhululekile, ukuzikhandla ngamandla, ukuzibandakanya kwezemidlalo, kuba yinkinga ukubona "ukungaphansi" komuntu.
Kuthatha isikhathi ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekeni, ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungaphila kanjani ngokunethezeka ngokuxilongwa. Esimweni sokusebenza kwengqondo, umehluko phakathi kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 nawo uyenziwa. Kulula kumuntu onolwazi empilweni ukwamukela isimo sesiguli. Ifomu layo elixegayo livame ukwandulelwa yisigaba sokulungiselela.
Isimo se-prediabetesic sibonakaliswa ukuhlangana okujwayelekile kwe-glucose egazini. Ibhalansi yempilo engazinzile ingaqhubeka, inyamalale noma iguqulwe kancane kancane ibe uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Uhlobo lwenqubo yesifo luyatholakala ngokuhlola ukubekezelela ushukela. Udokotela unquma ukwenza isifundo.
Ushukela omkhulu wegazi uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela
Izinqubo ezihlukanisayo emzimbeni nasekwelashweni kokudla
Umshini wokungena kwe-insulin ungene kumaseli ungamelwa ngesimo sesihluthulelo kanye nokuvulwa kokhiye umnyango. Abantu abanezifo ezihlobene nobudala, izifo ezingamahlalakhona, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, "imithombo" kukhubazekile, futhi ziningi zazo. Ukuze uvule indlela yokuthola i-insulin esitokisini, udinga inani elikhulu le-hormone esezingeni eliphezulu.
Isibonelo, izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngaphezulu kunomuntu onesisindo esijwayelekile. Kuma-pancreas, umthwalo onjalo awunakwenzeka. Lapho wehlika isisindo, umuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili lwezifo unamathuba onke, njengoba eye anciphise isibalo "semithombo" esitokisini, ukuqeda leso sifo isikhathi esithile.
Isiguli esizimele se-insulin sohlobo lwe-2 kumele sinamathele njalo ekudleni okuqinile, senqabe okumnandi, okunamafutha, okuthosiwe. Imikhawulo isebenza kokudla okunenkomba ye-glycemic ephezulu:
- izithelo (amagilebhisi, izinsuku, ubhanana);
- okusanhlamvu (semolina, ilayisi);
- imifino (amazambane);
- imikhiqizo kafulawa we-premium.
Ukunikezwa kokudla kwesiguli esinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 empeleni akuhlukile kusethi lokudla komuntu olunempilo. Udokotela watusa okuhlukile kokudla kwansuku zonke kokudla okuthosiwe kwe-carbohydrate (ushukela wemvelo kanye nezitsha ezisebenzisa).
Ngohlobo lwesibili lwezifo, kunama-“keyholes” amaningi eselula
Ukuboniswa okuqondile kwesifo sikashukela
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela esiyinhloko, kukhona into esezingeni lesibili. Akubangelwa yisifo se-pancreatic, ngaphandle:
- ukuhlinzwa kwezitho;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal kwe-adrenal gland, i-thyroid gland;
- ukubonakala kwabaphikisi be-insulin (izinto ezinomphumela ophambene).
Isimo sibonisa ngeglucose ephezulu. Uma ukwephulwa emzimbeni kungalapheka, khona-ke “isifo sikashukela sesibili” sizohamba ngaphandle komkhondo. Ngenkathi i-hyperglycemia iphawulwa, iphathwa ngendlela efanayo nangendlela eyinhloko yalesi sifo (ama-hypoglycemic agents, ukudla, ukuzivocavoca).
"Isifo Sikashukela Ekhulelwe" kushiwo ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela segazi sowesifazane. Ezinye izinkomba zingakhombisa i-pathology (polyhydramnios, malposition, kanye nesisindo esikhulu se-fetus). Ngemuva kokubeletha, izimpawu zowesifazane zivame ukuhamba. Kepha basebenza njengophawu lwe-alamu kumama nengane.
Ngokuboniswa kwesifo esikhathini esinzima kakhulu sempilo, owesifazane nengane yakhe basengozini ngokuzenzakalelayo
Isifo sikashukela se-Neonatal siyivelakancane. Esigulini esincane, ingavela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, kuze kufike kumaviki ayi-6. Uhlobo olungavamile lwe-insulin selashwa izinyanga eziyi-3-4.
Ingane inazo zonke izimpawu ezisongela impilo zohlobo lokuya nge-insulin:
- ukunciphisa umzimba ngokushesha;
- ukomisa;
- glycemia ephezulu yegazi.
Ngemuva kwalokho kufika isikhathi sokuxolelwa, okungahlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
E-8-45% wamacala wesifo se-pancreatic ezinganeni, uhlobo 2 sikashukela kuthiwa. Umbala kazwelonke we-endocrine pathology uyabonakala. Emhlabeni, ibonwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu baseMelika abavela e-Afrika naseLatin, eRussia - phakathi kwezakhamizi zesifunda saseCaucasus. Izizathu zilele ekuswelekeni kokuzivocavoca okufanelekile kwesizukulwane esisha, uthando lokudla oluningi. Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kwe-insulin luyelashwa, kanye nohlobo lwe-modi oluvilaphayo.
Izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ushukela kanye namakhambi e-homeopathic asiza ama-pancreas ukuhlanganisa ama-hormone asezingeni eliphakeme ngenani elifanele. Bandisa ukuzwela kwamangqamuzana ukuya ku-insulin. Isifo sikashukela esenzeka ngemuva kwamashumi ayisikhombisa singabhekwa njengesimo esingenakugwenywa sokuba umzimba ubune.
Zombili izinhlobo zesiko lesi sifo zibizwa njengeziyinhloko kwezokwelashwa. Njengamanje, amafomu abo asesilinganisweni futhi abucayi abhekwa njengalapheki ngenxa yokungaphazuki kokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana e-beta cell pancreatic. Ngokwelashwa kusho ukugcina isimo somzimba ngendlela yokuphila ejwayelekile.
Amaqiniso asabalele awafakazeli kuphela ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile kweziguli ezinesifo sikashukela, okubandakanya uhlobo lokuqala, kodwa futhi nasekuzuzeni kwazo imiphumela ephezulu kwezemidlalo, ngobuhlakani, nasemisebenzini yomphakathi. Igama lesimanje "ukulawulwa kwesifo sikashukela" livumela abantu ukuthi banganiki ithemba lamanga futhi baphazamise ezenzweni ukuze banciphise amazinga egazi e-glycemic. Lokhu kwenziwa ngosizo lwezidakamizwa eziyisisekelo nezisizayo, ukwahlukanisa namadivayisi, ukudla nokuzivocavoca.
