Umdlavuza we-pancreatic yi-neoplasm elimazayo we-glandular epithelium noma i-pancreatic ducts. Lesi sifo sikhula ngezigaba eziningana, futhi esokugcina sazo kungokwesine. Esikhathini sokuqala, izimpawu azikho noma zimnene. Izimpawu ezinobuqili ze-oncology zivela kuphela nge-tumor ebalulekile, eqala ukufaka ingcindezi kwizitho zomakhelwane kanye nokuphela kwezinzwa.
Kuphela zingama-7% iziguli ezitholakala zinomdlavuza ekuqaleni kokukhula kwazo, ezichazwa yizici zezindawo ezitholakala kuwo amanyikwe, esisemgodini esiswini futhi zizungezwe ezinye izitho zokugaya - isisu, i-duodenum, i-spleen kanye ne-adrenal gland.
Ama-malignancies e-pancreatic abonakala ngokukhula okusheshayo kanye ne-metastasis yakuqala. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kuya kwesesine, esigabeni esibulalayo, izinyanga ezimbalwa zingadlula, lapho amaseli anolaka athela izitho nezinhlelo zomakhelwane.
Ngubani osengozini
Imbangela enkulu yomdlavuza, ososayensi babiza ukulimala kwesakhiwo se-DNA, umzimba ongeke ukwazi ukubhekana naso. Kwakhiwa isimila kusuka kumaseli aphile ngokuphelele angalawuleki futhi aqale ukwahlukana kakhulu. Kungenxa yemiphumela yezinqubo zesimila lapho ukuhlangana kweziguli kuhlangene.
Isici sengozi esibaluleke kakhulu sithathwa njengokungondleki, lapho amafutha ezilwane namaprotheni egcwele ekudleni. Umlutha kagwayi nawo unomphumela omubi, ngoba i-carcinogens evela kubhema ugwayi ingena ezingxenyeni zegazi negazi.
Isigaba sesine somdlavuza we-pancreatic sibonakaliswa ngokusakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, kubandakanya nengqondo
I-Ultraviolet noma i-ionizing radiation, umsebenzi ekukhiqizeni okuyingozi ungavusa inqubo ye-pathological. Okuyingozi kakhulu yimayini, ukhuni, i-asbestos, irabha, izicathulo nezamabhizinisi okuhlanganisa.
Abahlali basemadolobheni nabo basendaweni eyingozi enkulu, ikakhulukazi lezo zindawo eziseduzane nezitshalo zezimboni kanye nefektri. Izibalo zomdlavuza we-pancreatic zanda kanye nobudala, izisulu zabo ikakhulukazi zingaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala.
Izimpawu
Umdlavuza wesigaba se-4 pancreatic ubonakala ngezinguquko ze-pathofunctional, ezibandakanya ukwanda kwe-hypoxia yazo zonke izitho nokunxila ngemikhiqizo yokulimala kwe-metabolism. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukushabalala kwemisebenzi yohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi nobuchopho.
Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye yamaseli omdlavuza iyafa, futhi imikhiqizo ye-necrotization ingena egazini. Uhlelo lwe-excretory alukwazi ukubhekana nokukhishwa kobuthi, bese kuthi ukwehluleka kwezintso kwenzeke. Ukuqiniswa okwengeziwe kokudakwa kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-metabolic kanye nokwehla komsebenzi wezinhlelo ze-nerve nethambo. Ngenxa yokufa kwesisindo samangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kuvela i-anemia enzima. Kulesi sigaba, amathuba aphezulu okufa ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezitho ezibalulekile noma ubuthi begazi.
Ukungcola komoya okukhulu emabhizinisini okusebenza ngezinkuni ngothuli lwokhuni, olunemiphumela enobuthi futhi engalwi nabantu
Izimpawu zokuphuza umdlavuza ziyabonakala, njengomthetho, ngama-neoplasms amakhulu amlimazayo. Kaningi, iziguli ziyakhathazeka nge:
- ubuthakathaka, ubuthi kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwemisebenzi yomzimba;
- ukwehla kakhulu kwesisindo kanye nemfiva yesikhashana;
- ukungabekezeleli ukudla kwenyama;
- blancing / yellowing kwesikhumba, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwamehlo;
- izithukuthuku zobusuku;
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba;
- ushintsho ekuziphatheni kokudla - ukunxanela ukudla okungajwayelekile noma ukwenqatshwa kokudla okujwayelekile;
- isikhumba esomile
- Ukugaya ukudla kuyacasuka.
Ngomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ukuphathwa ikhanda nesiyezi, ukuqubuka kanye nokuqwasha kungenzeka. Njengoba ubuthi bufaka ukwehla kokungaziguli, iziguli zivame ukubamba umkhuhlane futhi zilulame isikhathi eside. Cishe njalo, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziyinkimbinkimbi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi, lapho selashwa ngemishanguzo ye-chemotherapy, kuqala izinkomba zokuphuza, ngoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza afa ngesivinini esisheshayo futhi angena egazini. Lokhu kungenxa yomthelela oseceleni wezidakamizwa ezisebenza ngendlela ebhubhisayo, kufaka phakathi izicubu ezinempilo.
Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo somdlavuza wekhanda, umzimba noma umsila we-pancreas ukugcwala koketshezi lwamahhala esiswini sesisu, umthamo wayo ungafinyelela amalitha angama-25. Ngaphezu kwalokho isibindi, amabala kanye nama-lymph node wesifunda ayanda ngosayizi.
I-Fentanyl iyisidakamizwa sesenzo se-narcotic, esinqunyelwe kuphela uma kungekho umphumela wabanye ababhekabazi
Ukuxilonga
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni nasekubuzweni kwesiguli, udokotela wenza ukuxilongwa kokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yiziphi izifundo ze-elebhu kanye nezinsizakalo ezinqunyelwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-biochemical, igazi lokumaka ama-tumor kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo okujwayelekile.
Ngezinqubo ezinobungozi egazini, i-ESR, i-alkaline phosphatase, i-AcAT, i-AlAT, ukwanda kwe-bilirubin. Kwezinye iziguli, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lama-enzymes wokugaya kungenzeka - amylase, lipase, elastase, ribonuclease, trypsin, kanye ne-C-reactive protein. Ngenxa yokungondleki kahle kwezakhi zomzimba, inani eliphelele le-cholesterol ne-albhamuin liyancishiswa.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinguquko ekuhlaziyeni zibhekwa kuphela ngokunqotshwa kohlelo lwe-genitourinary by metastases. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinkomba zamamaki we-tumor azofakaza asekele ukuthuthuka kwenqubo ebabayo. Okufundisayo kakhulu kubo umaka-CA-19-9 - uma inani layo lingaphezulu kwe-100, khona-ke amathuba okuba nesibungu ngamaphesenti ayikhulu. Nge-CA-19-9 = 1000, i-neoplasm ifinyelela ku-5 cm noma ngaphezulu.
Umgomo we-chemotherapy ukwehlisa noma ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila nokunciphisa indawo yendawo ethintekile
Engxenyeni yeziguli, i-carcinoembryonic antigen, kanye nomaka we-CA-125 isimila, bakhona ekuhlaziyeni. I-testosterone ne-dehydrotestosterone kungasiza ekuboneni umdlavuza we-pancreatic emadodeni. Isilinganiso salawa ma-hormone kumuntu ophilile singaphezulu kwe-5, ngenani eliphansi, amathuba omdlavuza cishe acishe abe ngama-70%.
Olunye ucwaningo lwezinsimbi olunemba kunazo zonke yi-computer tomography. Ngosizo lwayo, ukwenziwa kwasekhaya nosayizi wesimila, ukubandakanyeka enqubweni yokuhlangana kwezitho zomakhelwane kanye nama-lymph node wesifunda, kulimala imithambo yegazi ku-gland uqobo nangale kwayo.
Ukuthola isithombe esinemininingwane, isisetshenziswa esiphakathi siyasetshenziswa, isiguli siphuza ngaphambi kokuskena. Ngokuya ezithombeni ezitholakele, kunikezwa okunye ukwelashwa.
Inqubo engabizi kakhulu yi-ultrasound, ngoba ingenziwa cishe kunoma yisiphi isikhungo sezokwelapha. Kubonisa ushintsho kumakhompiyutha nosayizi wesitho, izilonda ezi-metastatic zezitho zomzimba ezingomakhelwane. Kodwa-ke, ezigulini ezi-3 kwezingu-10, i-ultrasound ayisho ukuthi ama-pancreas. Isizathu salokhu singakhuluphele, ukunqwabelana okukhulu kukamanzi e-peritoneum, noma izici zendawo yesitho. Enye indlela ye-ultrasound kuleli cala i-computer noma i-magnetic resonance imaging.
Ukubona ukusabalala kwesimila ezinhlakeni zamathambo namaphaphu, kunqunywa i-radiography. Uma kunesidingo, kwenziwa i-biopsy - ukusampula kwesicucu sesimila sokuhlolwa okwalandelwa ngokomlando.
I-Dihydrocodeine isetshenziselwa ukulinganisela kobuhlungu obukhulu, ukusebenza kwayo kuthatha amahora angama-6
Ukwelashwa
Indlela eyinhloko futhi okuwukuphela kwayo yokwelapha isimila esinomdlavuza esigabeni esibulalayo yi-chemotherapy, ngoba ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ngeke kusasiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana amabi awatholakali kuma-pancreas kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.
I-Chemotherapy yesifo somdlavuza we-pancreatic wesigaba 4 ihlose ukucindezela ukukhula okwengeziwe kwamaseli we-atypical, anganciphisa inqubo ye-pathological futhi kunciphise ukuqina kwezimpawu zemitholampilo.
Ukudla kwesiguli kufanele kube kugcwele, kepha konga; kumele aqukethe wonke amaminerali namavithamini adingekayo emzimbeni
Ekwelashweni okuyinkimbinkimbi, ama-analgesics nezidambiso ezingezona ze-steroidal ezisetshenziselwa ukudambisa izinhlungu, kanye nezidakamizwa ze-narcotic. Ngobuhlungu obukhulu, ama-opiate anamandla anqunyelwe, asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi esimweni sesibhedlela. Uma isiguli sisekhaya, khona-ke umsebenzi wezokwelapha ongenayo uyamjova.
Yimuphi udokotela ophatha ama-pancreasIzidakamizwa ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nobuhlungu:
- Ibuprofen;
- UNaproxen;
- Paracetamol;
- ITramadol;
- ITramal;
- I-Dihydrocodeine;
- I-Promedol;
- I-Prosidol;
- I-Fentanyl.
Nge-chemotherapy, ungaphila isikhathi eside izinyanga ezimbalwa. Isikhathi esiqondile sincike ekuthonyweni kwamaseli womdlavuza. Ngenxa ye-chemotherapy, ubuhlungu buyaphela kanye nesifiso sokudla - umuntu uzizwa engcono.
Ukudla kokudla
Ukudla umdlavuza we-pancreatic kubaluleke kakhulu - kuyasiza ekwehliseni ukudakwa komzimba, kunciphise umthwalo esitho esonakalisiwe futhi kubuyelwe futhi amandla okugcina. Kususelwa ezimisweni zokudla No. 5, ezilandelwa i-pancreatitis.
Ukudla okulandelayo kuyanconywa:
- inhlanzi engenamafutha nenyama - inkukhu, iturkey, unogwaja, inyama yenkomo encane;
- amaqanda enkukhu;
- imikhiqizo yobisi nengamuncu obisini olunamafutha amancane - i-cottage shizi, iyogathi, i-kefir, ubisi olubilisiwe olubilisiwe;
- isinkwa esimhlophe izolo, amakhukhi angajwayelekile;
- okusanhlamvu - i-semolina, i-buckwheat, i-oat, amabele, ukolweni, ilayisi;
- imifino, izithelo namajikijolo. Ngokubekezelela okuhle, zingadliwa zintsha noma zibhakwe.
Inhlanzi, inkukhu kanye ne-veal ziyanelisa isidingo sokudla kwamaprotheni futhi zingathatha indawo yengulube enamafutha
Uhlu lwemikhiqizo enqatshelwe lubukeka kanjena:
- ukubhema inyama nama-marinade, kufaka phakathi imifino ethosiwe kanye namakhowe;
- namakhekhe, amakhekhe, ushokoledi, namakhekhe;
- ubisi olunamafutha aphezulu no-ukhilimu omuncu, ukhilimu;
- ikhofi kanye nemibukiso;
- imifino emuncu nezithelo - i-sorrel, ulamula, njll.
Lokho wukuthi, kufanele ulandele umthetho we "F" womathathu - ungadli okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, okushayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngesifiso esinamandla sokudla umkhiqizo ovela esigabeni esenqatshelwe, ungaziphiki injabulo. Uma kungekho ukwenqatshwa kanye nokuphendula okungekuhle komzimba, umkhiqizo onjalo ungahle ulethe izinzuzo futhi uthuthukise isimo somoya.
Zonke izitsha kumele zibanjiswe, zibhakwe noma zibiliswe, kunconywa ukuthi kunqunywe amanoni nemithambo yenyama ngaphambili. Ukutholwa okuhle kwemikhiqizo yokudla kufanele kusikwe kahle, kuculwe noma kugayiwe.
Impela zonke iziguli zidinga ukwesekwa kwengqondo nokunakwa, kanye nokholo ekunqobeni lesi sifo
Isimo sezulu
Iziguli kanye nezihlobo zabo cishe njalo babuza: "Bangaki abaphila nomdlavuza wesibeletho?" Akekho udokotela ozokwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo ngqo. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, yiziguli ezingama-3-5 kwezingu-100 kuphela ezinethuba lokusinda lweminyaka emihlanu. Kepha kukhona i-bakoat - kuzo zonke izimo, isimila siyasebenza, futhi sisuswa ngesikhathi esifanele.
Uma i-tumor conglomerate ingafinyeleleki ekwelashweni kokuhlinzwa, futhi isibalo se-psychology egxile ku-4 sidlula i-4, iziguli ziphila unyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu. Okufuneka kuleli cala ukwesekwa okugcwele kwezokwelapha. Mayelana nesibikezelo sempilo emazingeni okuqala angafundwa lapha.
Cishe uhhafu weziguli unendlela enzima yesifo futhi esithuthukile, lapho umuthi ogcwele futhi owesekelwayo ungenamandla. Isikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu sabantu abanjalo asidluli unyaka. Iningi leziguli elingakutholi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha lifa zingakapheli izinyanga ezi-3-4.
