Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus sisakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke, futhi akanendaba nokuthi ososayensi abazitholanga zonke izizathu zokuthi kungani lesi sifo singaba yilesi sifo.
Kulesi simo, umuntu unaka kuphela umzimba wakhe.
Futhi vumela uphawu kwesinye isifo ukuthi samukelwe ngephutha ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela - uma kukhona izinsolo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha ukuze ucaciswe (ikakhulukazi njengoba kukhona nesifo sikashukela asymptomatic).
Izimbangela Zesifo Sikashukela
Phezu kobuningi obonakalayo bezizathu zalesi sifo, izimbangela zaso ezimbili yilezi:
- ushukela (ikakhulukazi) nokudla (ngokuvamile);
- ukulungela kwengqondo ukulimaza umzimba (isimo sokuxineka).
Ngaphandle kokufuna izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ushukela, ukubanjwa komhlaba kwe-sucrose kuyaqhubeka. Ushukela unikezwa i-guise exotic kakhulu futhi ekhohlisayo - ngisho nezindlela zokupheka zikatamatisi ngeke zikwenze ngaphandle kokungeza ushukela, ingasaphathwa eyamaqebelengwane omshado angacabangi nokubonakala kwezinsuku zokuphumula zezingane ezingenacala.
Usongo empilweni kwaba ukudla jikelele. Umuntu akakaze adle okungaka futhi kaningi. Ukunikezwa okudlayo ukubona okumdlayo kwamguqula waba yisidalwa esihlafuna njalo - kanti umthwalo kumanyikwe, onesigqi sokuphila, uhlala usongela futhi usongela.
Izithako zotshwala zisebenza njengembangela eqondile ye-necrosis yezicubu ze-glandular, futhi njengendlela yokubangela i-organ ischemia.
Lokhu kusebenza naku:
- ukubhema ugwayi;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa;
- umdlandla owedlulele wezidakamizwa: amaphilisi okulala, izidakamizwa zokulutha, abanikeli.
Imbangela yesibili eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela ukucindezela. Futhi esinye sezinyathelo zokuxineka isikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo sosongo lwesifo sikashukela esihlasela abantu yonke indawo. Ehlatshwe umfutho ngaleli themba, ingqondo idala into yokuqala yesifo.
Okunye okunomthelela kwisifo sikashukela emhlabeni wonke ukuphumelela kwezokwelapha. Uma eminyakeni eyi-100-150 edlule, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zaziqabukela zithola inzalo, manje isimo sesifo ngenxa yefa sanda amakhulukhulu, ama-100% abenesifo sikashukela bazala benethuba eliphezulu labo bonke abanesifo sikashukela esifanayo.
Ngenxa yokungasebenzi ngokomzimba kanye nabalingani bayo abangenakugwenywa: ukukhuluphala, ukuqunjelwa, isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga emzimbeni, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa emzimbeni kanye nokukhubazeka kokudla emzimbeni kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba, lapho ukungcoliswa okuphelele kwezemvelo (esinye isizathu sikashukela) kubukeka njengengane engenacala, umhlaba ususiphephelo esihle ngokwengeziwe sesifo sikashukela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezifo
Ngokusho kwe-etiological (causal) ukuhlukaniswa kwehlukanisa ushukela:
- Thayipha I (obizwa nangokuthi yi-insulin-, noma "ubusha");
- Uhlobo II (ukungazimele kwe-insulin);
- ukuthinteka (ngenxa yokukhulelwa);
- ukuvuka ngenxa yezizathu zohlelo oluhlukile (ngenxa yokutheleleka kwangaphambilini, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi noma ngenye indlela).
Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwalesi sifo emacaleni anamazinga ahlukahlukene obunzima:
- lula;
- ngokulinganisela;
- esindayo.
Ngokuya ngesimo se-carbohydrate metabolism, isifo sikashukela singaba:
- kunxephezelwe;
- kukhokhelwe;
- kuncishisiwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngobukhona bezinkinga kubandakanya imiphumela yesifo sikashukela:
- ama-micro- noma ama-macroangiopathies (izilonda ze-vascular);
- i-neuropathy (izilonda zezicubu zezinzwa nezinhlaka zayo);
- i-retinopathies (ukulimala kwezitho zombono);
- i-nephropathy (i-renal pathology);
- unyawo lwesifo sikashukela (isifo esihlukile esahlukanisa i-pathology yemithambo yegazi nezinye izakhiwo ezibandakanya umkhawulo ongezansi).
Ukuxilongwa komtholampilo, okwenziwe ngesisekelo sezinqubo ezingezinhla, kunikeza isithombe esifushane futhi esigcwele sesimo sesiguli lapho kufundwa okokuqala. Umuntu ngaphandle kwemfundo ekhethekile yanele ukwazi ngobukhona bezinhlobo ezi-2 namazinga ama-3 nobunzima besifo.
Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo
Njengoba kuvela ekuhunyushweni kwegama lokoqobo lwegama lesi sifo kusuka eLatin (ushukela wezinyosi), isifo sikashukela sinezimpawu ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- ukunambitheka okumnandi komchamo;
- ukuchama okusheshayo nokubonakalayo.
Odokotela beNkathi Ephakathi bamsola ngokweqile ushukela wamagilebhisi wemvelo - ushukela egazini, kodwa bangakuthethelela ukutholwa ngenye indlela - ngokunambitha umchamo wesiguli. Ngoba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokuhlunga kwe-renal, ushukela oshukela ungena kumchamo (imvamisa bekungafanele ube lapho). Kamuva, ukucatshangelwa koyise bomuthi kwaqinisekiswa kakhulu - lesi sifo sifaka ne-hyperglycemia (inani ngokweqile le-glucose egazini).
Kungenzeka ukuqondiswa yilawa canon esikhathini samanje, ukhumbule nokho ukuthi ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu kufakazela ukugula ushukela: umchamo umnandi futhi mningi. Kwisifo sikashukela nakho akusoshukela, kepha lokhu kuyisifo esihluke ngokuphelele, ukuthuthukiswa kwako okuholela kwizizathu ezihlukile ngokuphelele.
Ngokungafakwanga (cishe i-asymptomatic) noma isifo sikashukela esivilaphayo, izimpawu zokuqala zingaba yizimpawu zayo zesibili (okungajwayelekile kule ndlela ethile) ngendlela:
- ukuphazamiseka kokubona;
- ikhanda;
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungenakulungiswa;
- umlomo owomile;
- ukulunywa okubandakanya isikhumba nolwelwesi lwama-mucous (ikakhulukazi esikhathini esiseduzane);
- Izilonda zesikhumba ezingakhanyi;
- iphunga elibonakalayo le-acetone elivela kumchamo.
Ukuba khona kwabo akuvumeli ukuhlonza isifo I noma uhlobo lwe-II isifo - udokotela onguchwepheshe kuphela nocwaningo lokuqalwa kwegazi ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izivivinyo ezingabahlukanisa.
Izici ezithile
Banesimo esengeziwe sohlobo I, esondela kungazelelwe futhi ngamandla, ngakho-ke, isiguli singabike kuphela unyaka wokuvela kwabo, kodwa futhi nenyanga (kuze kube neviki elihambisana nomcimbi othize).
Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuba:
- i-polyuria (ukuchama ngokweqile nokuvama);
- i-polydipsia (ukoma okungenakuqedwa);
- i-polyphagia ("isifiso sempisi" engalethi i-satiation);
- kwesisindo (kanye nokukhula) kwesisindo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi asikhulumi ngokuhlala isikhashana kwanoma iyiphi inkathi enzima yempilo, ngemuva kwalokho konke kuvamile, kepha mayelana nokuntuleka kokuqina komzimba amasonto nezinyanga.
Ngaphezu kweglucose, kanye nokuningi kwayo kungabi yisakhi, kepha kuyinkimbinkimbi ephula imetabolism ekhona futhi iphazamise ukulingana kwemvelo kwemvelo emzimbeni, izinto ezinomphumela onobuthi ezinhlakeni ziqongelela kukho:
- izicubu zezinzwa;
- inhliziyo
- izinso
- isibindi
- izitsha.
Okudume kakhulu kubo yi-acetone, eyaziwa kahle ngengqondo ngesimo sobuthi esenzeka ngemuva kokuphuza utshwala. Ukuqongelela i-acetone neminye imikhiqizo engaphansi kwe-oxidized kuholela ekuhlulekeni kwazo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba, ngokuyinhloko i-nerve ne-vascular, ukuhlinzeka ngohambo nokuxhumana emzimbeni.
Esimweni esibucayi (ngokwanda okukhulu noma ukuncipha kwe-glucose yegazi), isifo sikashukela kungaholela ekhefini lapho ukugula okujikeleza ubuchopho kungaholela ekufeni kwesiguli.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva:
Ungakuhlehlisa nini ukuvakashela udokotela?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo izocaca ngemuva kokucaciswa okuthile.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo Lokuqala singumphumela wokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-insulin, okukhawulela izinga le-glucose egazini. Ngokwezinhlobo II ezihlukile, i-insulin yanele, kepha ngenxa yezici zomzimba, amandla ayo okulawula ushukela wegazi alinganiselwe - i-insulin nje ayikwazi ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwayo. Njengomphumela we-glucose ngokweqile, iba yi-toxin, ephazamisa inkambo ejwayelekile yokuphendula konke kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni okungathinti kuphela i-carbohydrate metabolism.
Izinga lokuphazamiseka kwezicubu zomzimba kanye nekhono lomzimba lokuwanxephezela ngalezi ziphazamiso ezinquma ubulukhuni besifo sikashukela.
Ezimweni ezithambile, izinga likashukela alidluli umkhawulo wamayunithi ayi-8 (mmol / l), ukushintshashintsha kwalo kwansuku zonke akubalulekile.
Ifomu elinganiselayo libonakala ngokukhuphuka kwe-glucose kuze kufike kumayunithi ayi-14 aqukethe iziqephu ze-ketosis-ketoacidosis (okweqile kwe-acetone nezinto ezifanayo egazini), ligcwele ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinga likashukela lidlula amayunithi ayi-14, ukuguquguquka kwalo phakathi kwemini kubalulekile - kuphakama izinkinga ezinkulu ngokunikezwa kwegazi ezicutshini, futhi ukuphazamiseka ekunakekelweni kobuchopho kungavusa ukoma.
Ukusuka lapha landela imizwa etholwa yisiguli noma inesimo sezimpawu ezincane, noma ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kwesifo sikashukela:
- i-polyuria (isifo sikashukela) ngobumnandi bomchamo;
- i-polydipsia (ukwenzeka komba, hhayi ukuqedwa ngisho nokuphuza kaningi nokuphuza kakhulu);
- i-polyphagy (ubudlova obungenakuqhathaniswa);
- umzimba ongashintshiwe.
Ukuba khona kwalesi sifo (iqoqo lezimpawu) kusebenza njengesizathu esihle sokuvakashela i-endocrinologist noma, uma ungekho lochwepheshe, udokotela ozokwenza izifundo zokuqala ezidingekayo.
Isizathu sokuba yinto yokufunda eduze kungadalwa nokuphazamiseka okuhlobene nesifo sikashukela kohlelo lwezinzwa, okuhlonishwe udokotela oyi-neuropathologist, ngendlela engenakuchazeka:
- isiyezi
- isicanucanu
- umsindo nokukhala kwezindlebe;
- ukuhlanza
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa kwesikhashana noma ukuphazamiseka kwemoto;
- Izinkinga zokuqonda kanye nememori.
Izimpawu ezincane zokulimala kwemisipha yesifo sikashukela, ezibonakaliswa yizimpawu zamehlo, nazo zingaphambuka ekusebenzeni kwezitho zombono ngesimo se:
- ukwehla kobukhulu bayo;
- ukomisa i-cornea (kuzwakale ngathi womile, "isihlabathi", ukulunywa noma amehlo abuhlungu);
- uhlaka lokufiphaza lwezinto;
- izimbambo nezimpukane emehlweni;
- ukuvela ngezikhathi kwezindawo ezingaboni kanye nokulahleka kwamabala wonke wombono;
- "mnyama" okungacaciswanga emehlweni.
Ukuba khona kwezilonda zesifo sikashukela kungabangela ukuvakasha kokuqala kodokotela bakwamanye amaphrofayili:
- nokukhubazeka kwesikhumba okuyisidina (ukwakheka kwezilonda emaphethelweni aphansi) - kudokotela ohlinzayo;
- ngezilonda zesikhumba ezingapholi - kudokotela wesikhumba;
- ukopha, hhayi ukuphulukiswa emlonyeni wamanxeba noma ukubonakala kwezilonda - kudokotela wamazinyo.
Isizathu sokufuna usizo lwezokwelashwa ngokushesha kufanele kube yinoma ngabe yisiphi isimo sokulahlekelwa kungazelelwe, ukuqala kwesimo esibonakaliswe ngokuthi “ulimi kususiwe”, “ingalo, umlenze” indle, isiyezi, kuhambisane nomcanucanu nokuhlanza, noma ngabe lezi zimpawu zingaba kuchazwa ngotshwala noma izidakamizwa noma ukuphuza amaphilisi anqunywe ngudokotela.
