Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwesifo sikashukela ukwanda kwe-glycemia.
Ukungabonakali kwale ndlela yokufundisa kulele ekutheni umuntu angase angazizwa ephakeme ngamaglucose isikhathi eside futhi afunde ngakho ngamathuba phakathi nezifundo ezijwayelekile.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuxilongwa kweziguli sekuvele kwembula izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwesifo sikashukela, izinga lokubonakaliswa kwalo kuncike esikhathini salesi sifo.
Kungakho kubalulekile ukukwazi ukukala i-glycemia ekhaya ukuze unqume ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ye-pathological ngokushesha futhi uqale ukwelashwa okufanele.
Izinhlobo Zesifo Soshukela
Lesi sifo sihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi ezihlobene ngqo nokusebenza okungajwayelekile kwama-insulin receptors kanye nezimpawu zofuzo:
- Kuncike kuma-insulin (uhlobo 1). Lesi sifo sithinta iziguli ezisencane. Ukwanda kwe-glycemia kubangelwa ukulahleka kwamandla e-pancreas ukukhiqiza inani elidingekayo le-insulin. Ukuntuleka kwale hormone kuvimbela ukungena kweglucose kumaseli, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekwandeni kokuxineka kwayo egazini. Lesi simo siyakhula ngenxa yokufa kwamangqamuzana abhekene nokuhlanganiswa kwe-insulin. Emzimbeni wesiguli, kuvela izinguquko eziningi ezingezinhle, okuholela ezinkingeni, ukomisa, nokufa. Izimbangela zokuthuthuka kwesifo sohlobo 1 zihambisana nokuhlasela okungatheleleki, ama-pathologies we-pancreas kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezicasulayo.
- Uhlobo oluzimele olungasebenzisi i-insulin (uhlobo 2). Lokhu kuxilongwa kutholakala ezikhathini eziningi abantu abadala. Isimo se-hyperglycemia senzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokulahleka kokuzwela kumaseli nezicubu eziya kwi-insulin ekhiqizwa kuma-pancreas. I-hormone ikhiqizwa ngamanani ajwayelekile, kepha ayeki ukubonwa ngumzimba. Njengomphumela, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zamaprotheni kuyaphazamiseka, inqubo ye-oxidation yamafutha iyathuthukiswa, futhi imizimba ye-ketone iqala ukugxila egazini. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lwesifo kungenzeka ngokumelana nesizinda sobuthi bamakhemikhali, ukukhuluphala, noma ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile.
- Isifo sikashukela sokutholwa kwesisu. Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology luhlangana nabesifazane kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala kwengane. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuzivikela obuthakathaka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ingozi yokwanda kwezifo eziningi, kubandakanya nesifo sikashukela, iyanda. I-Pathology ivame ukudlula ngemuva kokubeletha, kepha kwabanye besifazane ihlala impilo. Indlela yokuthuthuka kwayo ifana nohlobo 2. Izingane ezingomama abanendlela ebekiwe yesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa zikhuluphele ngokuzalwa (ngaphezu kwama-4 kg) futhi ziyohlala zisengozini yokuthola lesi sifo.
- I-Neonatal. Lesi sifo sitholakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukuvela kwalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela kuhlotshaniswa nesiphetho sofuzo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni kwenzeka cishe okufanayo nakwabantu abadala, kodwa kunokwashiwo kwayo. Uhlobo lwesibili luyivelakancane. Imvamisa, lesi sifo sithinta izingane ngesifo sofuzo.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ubungozi uma umthelela wezinto ezicasulayo ungabandakanywa ngangokunokwenzeka:
- ukondla ingane ngobisi lwenkomo;
- izingcindezi ezidala ukwehla kokungazinzi komzimba;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo (mumps, rubella, isimungumungwane).
Izingane ziyaqabukela zikhononda ngokuvela kwezimpawu ezincane zokuqaqanjelwa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba abazali bahlale belalelisisa noma yiluphi ushintsho ekuziphatheni kwengane yabo.
Ungasibona kanjani isifo ekhaya?
Ngaphandle kokuhluka kwezimbangela nezinqubo zokuthuthuka, izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela zibonisa ukubonakala okunjalo kliniki. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zalesi sifo azixhomekeki ebulilini nakubudala bomuntu.
Izimpawu eziphambili yilezi:
- ukoma
- umlomo owomile
- ukuchama njalo ngenxa yokuphuza inani elikhulu lamanzi;
- ukuguqulwa kwesisindo.
Ukulahlekelwa ikhilogremu kukhombisa isifo sohlobo 1, futhi inzuzo yesisindo, okuphambene nalokho, kuwuphawu lwesifo sikashukela esingaxhomekeki ku-insulin.
Izimpawu ezingenhla eziyisisekelo, kepha kunezimpawu zesibili. Ubungako bokubonakaliswa okunjalo kuncike esikhathini sesifo sikashukela.
Inkambo yesifo eqhubeka isikhathi eside iholela ekubonakaleni kwezinguquko ezilandelayo emzimbeni:
- ukulahleka kwe-visual acuity, kanye nokubukhali;
- imilenze emincane;
- Isiyezi
- ubuthakathaka
- cholesterol iyenyuka;
- ukukhathala kungena ngokushesha;
- ukuzwakala kuzwakale ebusweni besikhumba;
- inkambo eyinkimbinkimbi yezifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuphulukiswa isikhathi eside kwamanxeba akhona nokuhlukumezeka.
Ukoma nezinguquko emvamelweni wokuchama kuphazamisa isiguli ngisho nasebusuku. Ukubonakala kwezimpawu ezinjalo kufanele kube yisikhathi sokuvakashela uchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngezikhalazo ezitholakele, udokotela angabeka ezinye izifundo ezizovele zivume noma ziphike ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kusiza ukuvikela ukuwohloka okubukhali enhlalakahleni yesiguli nasekuthuthukiseni izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva ngohlobo lokuqala lwesifo sikashukela:
Izindlela ezinokwenzeka zokuhlaziya umchamo negazi ekhaya
Vele, indlela enembe kunazo zonke yokuhlola ushukela wegazi ukuhlolwa kwelabhoratri. Noma kunjalo, ukulawulwa kwe-glycemic kungenziwa ekhaya.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa enye yezindlela ezimbalwa:
- Yenza ukuhlolwa kweglucometer
- faka imichilo ekhethekile yokuhlola (i-glucometer ayidingeki kulokhu);
- yenza ukulawulwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated usebenzisa ikhithi ekhethekile;
- ukuthola izinga lama-ketones, amaprotheni kanye noshukela kumchamo ngezindlela zokubonisa.
Izindleko zezinto zokwisiza nezinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukukalwa zisuka kuma-ruble angama-500 kuye kwangama-6,000. Intengo incike kumenzi.
Ukufundwa kwezinkomba emchanjeni usebenzisa imichilo ekhethekile yokuhlola kungahle kungakhombisi isithombe sangempela somtholampilo ezigulini zohlobo 1 nabantu asebekhulile ngenxa yomkhawulo wezinso wokuqina. Iziguli ezinje zinconywa ukuthi zisebenzise ama-glucometer noma zivivinye elebhu.
Ukulinganisa ushukela wegazi
Ungathola ushukela egazini usebenzisa umshini okhethekile obizwa nge-glucometer.
Kufakwe nedivayisi yilezi:
- i-lancet esetshenziselwa ukwenza ukubhoboza ngomunwe;
- imichilo yokuhlola ekhombisa ukugcwala kwe-glycemia;
- ibhethri
- ukuqondiswa kokusetshenziswa;
- ipuleti lekhodi (uma kunesidingo).
Umgomo wokusebenza:
- Idivayisi ibhekwa njengelungele ukusetshenziswa uma ikhodi kwiphakheji enemichimbo yokuhlola ifana nenamba esikrinini esivele ngemuva kokufaka i-chip ekhethekile. Uma singekho isidingo sokufaka ikhodi, idivaysi iqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokufakwa strip yokuhlola kuyo.
- Izinto zokutadisha zingehla legazi elitholwa ngokubhoboza umunwe lancet. Ibekwe emaphethelweni.
- Umphumela we-glycemia uboniswa esikrinini imizuzwana engu-5-25.
- Imichilo isuswa kusuka kudivayisi futhi kufanele ilahlwe.
Ividiyo enesibonelo sokuhlanganiswa nge-glucometer:
Amadivayisi wanamuhla asebenza kakhulu futhi anganquma inani eliphakathi le-glycemia ngokususelwa emiphumeleni eligcinwe kwimemori, xhuma kumagajethi amaningi, kanye namakhompyutha. Amanye amamitha anokulawulwa kwezwi, imisindo ekhethekile eklanyelwe asebekhulile kanye neziguli ezikhubazekile.
Ungabona ukunyuka koshukela ekhaya ngaphandle kwe-glucometer. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungathenga imichilo ekhethekile yokuhlola nge-reagent. Ngemuva kokuthola igazi kubo, umhloli uguqula umbala.
Ngokuqhathanisa umthunzi ophumela kanye nesilinganiso esifakwe emiyalweni, kuzocaca ukuthi umuntu wehle noma wenyuka yini ngenani loshukela.
Imithetho yokuxilongwa kusetshenziswa imichilo yokuhlola:
- Geza izandla, lungiselela wonke amadivaysi wokulinganisa.
- Ukucubungula umunwe lapho kuzothathwa khona igazi, notshwala.
- Ukubotshwa ngenaliti noma ngenalithi oyinyumba.
- Faka igazi strip endaweni ye-reagent (ekhonjiswe kwimiyalo).
- Lindela indawo ehambisanayo ukuthi igcotshwe kumugqa wokuhlola, bese unquma umphumela usebenzisa isikali esivela emiyalweni. Umbala ngamunye usho amanani athile we-glycemic.
Imichilo yokuhlola ushukela we-urine
Ukutholwa koshukela emchameni kusho ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela emzimbeni. Okuqukethwe kwalesi sikhombisi kungahlonzwa kusetshenziswa imichilo ekhethekile yokuhlola, ethengiswa cishe kuwo wonke amakhambi ekhemisi. Uma ushukela ukhona kumchamo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukukala izinga lawo nge-glucometer.
I-algorithm yokufeza:
- ukuqoqa umchamo esitsheni;
- yehlisa umucu wokuhlola ungene kuye kumaki ofanele wesikhathi esishiwo kwimiyalo;
- linda isikhashana i-reagent ukuthola umthunzi ofanele;
- hlola umphumela.
Ucwaningo ngale ndlela lunconywa ukuba lwenziwe kabili ngosuku. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho, bese kuthi emva kokudla ngemuva kwamahora ama-2.
Ikhithi ye-A1C
Ukuhlaziywa usebenzisa le divayisi kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ushukela ojwayelekile wezinyanga ezintathu. Inani elijwayelekile le-hemoglobin ye-glycated akufanele libe ngaphezulu kuka-6%.
Ukuze uhlaziye, udinga ukuthenga ithuluzi elikhethekile ekhemisi elakhelwe izilinganiso eziningana. Inani lokuhlolwa lilingana nenani lemichilo efakwe kukiti.
Izici zesilinganiso:
- isikhathi sokuhlaziywa yimizuzu emi-5;
- kufanele kube nenani elanele legazi lokulinganisa (ngaphezu kokudingekile kokusebenza nge-glucometer);
- igazi lifakwa kwi-pipette, bese lihlanganiswa ne-reagent eseflekisini, bese kuthi emva kwalokho kufakwe emcwabeni;
- umphumela uboniswa ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-5 esikrinini sedivayisi.
I-A1C Kit iyanconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ezigulini ezinesifo esivele satholakala. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi ucingo ngenhloso yokuxilonga isifo sikashukela, ngoba singadingeka kanye kuphela, kepha kuyabiza.
Ngenxa yokulawulwa kwe-A1C, udokotela ushintsha irekhodi lokwelashwa, ukhetha umuthi ofanele.
Yini ethinta i-glycemia?
Ukuvela kwe-hyperglycemia akuhlotshaniswa ngaso sonke isikhathi nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ukunyuka kwamazinga kashukela kungavela ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezimbalwa:
- ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu;
- uhambo, uhambo;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukucindezela
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-caffeine;
- ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezindlela zokuvimbela inzalo;
- ukungaphumuli kahle.
Uma ukwanda kwe-glycemia kubonwa izinsuku eziningana futhi kungahlotshaniswa nalezi zinto ezingenhla, khona-ke kufanele uvakashele i-endocrinologist. Ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele kukuvumela ukuba ume ngokushesha izimpawu ezingemnandi futhi uzuze isinxephezelo sikashukela.
Ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunjalo akusabhekwa njengesigwebo. Iningi leziguli lakwazi ukuguqula lesi sifo sibe yindlela entsha yempilo, silandele zonke izincomo zezokwelapha, senze i-insulin ukwelashwa uma kunesidingo, futhi empeleni azizwakali kahle ngenxa yempilo ejwayelekile.
