Ngabe yini imisebenzi yamanyikwe emzimbeni?

I-pancreas isebenza njengomunye wabalawuli abaphambili bezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni.

Indima yayo ukukhiqiza ama-hormone abandakanyeka ekugayweni nokulawula imetabolism.

Isitho sibonisa imisebenzi eminingi.

Ukusebenza komzimba

Imisebenzi esemqoka yomzimba ifaka:

• yokugaya ukudla
• umabhalane;
• okuhlekisayo;
• i-endocrine.

Ithebula lokuhlukaniswa kwendima efanelekayo:

Indima eyinhloko ukukhulisa ijusi le-pancreatic, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugaya kungenakwenzeka. Uma kungekho ujusi, ukudla okutholakele akukwazi ukugaywa. Yehlisa ukufutheka kwe-hydrochloric acid equkethwe esiswini, ikuvimbele ukuzilimaza kwayo.

Imithombo eminingana ihlukanisa imisebenzi emibili emikhulu eyenziwa ama-pancreas emzimbeni womuntu. Le yimisebenzi exocrine ne-intracecretory.

Umsebenzi wobumfihlo wangaphandle

Lo msebenzi uqukethe ukukhiqizwa kwejusi ngumzimba, okuqukethe ama-enzyme adingekayo wokugaya ukudla. Uketshezi lwe-pancreatic luyinto ehilelekile ngenqubo yokugaya ukudla. Ijusi elikhiqizwayo lingena ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum.

I-pancreatic secretion, njenge-secretion yesisu, iqukethe ama-enzyme, kepha ahluka kakhulu ekwakhekeni. Ijusi ingamanzi elinomphumela obukhali we-alkali.

Siqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:

• ngicela;
• i-amylase;
• trypsinogen;
• lipase;
• i-carboxypeptidase;
• chymotrypsinogen;
• elastase.

I-Amylase iyisakhi esisebenzayo kakhulu sejusi, ngoba ingashintsha ngisho nesitashi eluhlaza sibe ushukela. I-Lipase ayizinzile futhi ngokushesha ilahlekelwa umsebenzi kusuka ekuvezweni kwe-asidi. Kepha le enzyme ibandakanyeka ukumuncwa kwamafutha.

I-Trypsinogen iyi-enzyme ebalulekile kodwa ethize - umsebenzi wayo ukwehlisa amaprotheni. Kepha njengoba le enzyme ingenza ngamandla futhi iholele ekuzigayeni kwe-gland, ibonakala ekwakhiweni kwayo kuphela njenge-proenzyme (isendlalelo esingasebenzi se-enypme ye-trypsin). ITrypsin yakhiwa ngesikhathi sokugaya kusuka ku-trypsinogen.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezenziwa ujusi, kukhona:

• ama-sulfates;
• ama-chloride e-potassium, i-sodium, i-calcium;
• phosphates;
• ama-bicarbonates athinta imvelo ye-alkali ye-pancreatic fluid.

Isimo sansuku zonke sejusi esabiwe yi-50-1500 ml. Kuboniswa ukucindezela okufanayo kwe-osmotic ngegazi. Ngaphezu kwama-enzyme, ukugcotshwa kwe-pancreatic kufaka isisekelo samanzi-electrolyte, esivame ukwakhiwa kwawo. Inani lama-electrolyte esejusi lihlala lishintsha.

Ama-pancreas akwazi ukugcoba inani elikhulu lama-enzyme, elenza libe ngumholi phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izitho ezikulesi sikhombisi. Ukuhlukaniswa kunikezwa ukukhuthaza. Isici esiyisisekelo esivusa ukuqala komsebenzi we-exocrine ukusetshenziswa komuntu kokudla.

Ukudla okunamafutha notshwala obuthathwa ngabantu kukhulisa umthwalo entweni, okuvame ukudala ukungasebenzi kahle emsebenzini wawo. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokungondleki, izinqubo zokuvuvukala zivame ukwenzeka esigabeni.

Imisebenzi ye-Intra-secretory

Umsebenzi we-Intra-secretory ukubamba iqhaza komzimba ezinqubweni ze-metabolic. Kakhulu emsileni wamanyikwe, kunenqwaba ekhethekile yamaseli e-endocrine akhiqiza ama-hormone.

Lawa maseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-islets of Langerhans, angama-endocrine gland. Bahlala inani elincane: cishe 2% wesisindo sepancreatic.

Iziqhingi zikhiqiza ama-hormone bese ziwafaka egazini. Ama-islets anezinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli.

Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lukhiqiza i-hormone ethile: i-glucagon ikhiqizwa ngama-α-cell, ama-β-cell abandakanyeka ekwenziweni kwe-insulin, kuthi ama-δ-cell akhiqize i-somatostatin.

I-Glucagon insulin iyindlela ephambene esenzweni. I-insulin yehlisa ushukela wegazi, i-glucagon - yandisa ukuqina kwayo.

Izenzo ezilandelayo ziimpawu ze-insulin:

• ukukhuphuka kokuvunyelwa kweseli kwe-glucose;
• ukuthuthwa kweglucose kumaseli.

Ngenxa ye-hormone, ushukela, ongena kumaseli emisipha namaseli wesibindi, uguqulwa abe yi-glycogen. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-insulin, ushukela, osungene kumaseli wamafutha, uguqulwa abe ngamafutha.

I-insulin ibandakanyeka kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwamaprotheni. Ukuntuleka kwama-hormone kuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sikashukela.

Lesi sifo siholela ekulahlekelweni uketshezi lomzimba, ukuntuleka kwamanzi njalo kanye nokwanda kwe-acidity yegazi, okuba imbangela eyinhloko yesifo sikashukela nokufa.

I-Glucagon, ngokungafani ne-insulin, yandisa ukugcwala koshukela egazini. I-Hormone isheshisa ukuqhekeka kwe-glycogen ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Ngesenzo saso, amafutha asheshe aguqulwe abe ama-carbohydrate, okuholela ekwandeni kweglucose yegazi.

I-hormone somatostatin, njenge-insulin ene-glucagon, yenza imisebenzi ye-endocrine emzimbeni. Isebenzisana ngokugcwele ne-glucagon. Ngenxa ye-somatostatin, ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwe-glucagon kuyagcinwa. I-hormone, uma kunesidingo, ivimbela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-glucagon.

Indawo nesakhiwo

Amanyikwe yisitho esidala. Umbala wayo unemibala epinki neyempunga. Igama lesitho uqobo libonisa indawo engaphansi kwesisu, okungelona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngaphansi kwesisu, kulapho umuntu eqamba amanga. Kumuntu osesimweni sokuma, utholakala esilinganisweni esifanayo nesisu. Isakhiwo se-anatomical sesitho sibonisa ezinye izici.

Isakhiwo se-anatomical

I-gland isemuva kwesisu futhi ilingana kahle ne-duodenum. Itholakala ngemuva kwe-peritoneum odongeni lwangemuva kwesisu, okuhlobene nomgogodla otholakala endaweni ye-1st ne-2nd lumbar vertebrae.

Ngomzimba, izinkomba ezilandelayo zimpawu:

• isisindo - isilinganiso sama-75 g;
• inkomba yobude kubantu abadala yi-14-21 cm;
• ububanzi cishe - 3-8 cm;
• ubukhulu - cishe 3 cm.

I-anatomy ye-pancreas ifaka phakathi izinto ezintathu zayo: ikhanda, umzimba nomsila.

Ikhanda liyingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke. Ubukhulu bawo buyi-3.5 cm. Yile ngxenye ebambe iqhaza ngenqubo yokugaya. Eduze nomsila, isitho sanda kakhulu.

Ikhanda lilingana kahle ne-duodenum futhi lisondelene nalo ukuze kuthi kamuva kube luhlobo lwehhashi elizungezile. Ikhanda lihlukaniswe nomzimba wendlala ngasesitolo lapho kutholakala khona i-portal vein.

Umzimba wendlala mncane ngo-1 cm kunekhanda lawo futhi unesimo sonxantathu.

Inezindawo ezilandelayo:

• umphambili, uqondiswe emuva kwesisu;
• emuva, eduze komgogodla, umthambo ongaphansi ongaphansi, i-aorta yesisu;
• phansi, kuvikela phansi kuya phambili.

Umsila unobume besigaxa futhi uqondiswa phezulu nangakwesobunxele. Icishe ibunjiwe. Ubungako bawo bu malunga ne-3 cm.

Ngalo lonke ubude besitho sidlula umgodi ophambili ogelezela ngaphakathi kwe-duodenum. Zonke izingxenye zesitho zisemgodleni wokuvikela izicubu ezithintekayo.

Isitho sibonakaliswa ukunikezwa kwegazi okuhle - imithambo ilungele zonke izingxenye zayo. Umthambo we-splenic usondela emsileni nasemzimbeni, futhi ongaphansi kanye ne-pancreatoduodenal artery ephezulu isondela ekhanda. Ngenxa yomthambo we-pancreatoduodenal, ukuphuma kwegazi kwenziwa ngaphandle kwesitho.

Ama-nerve onozwela, kanye nezinhlelo zezinzwa ezi-parasympathetic, nazo zinika isitho izinzwa kahle. Esokuqala sihlinzeka ngenxa ye-celiac plexuses, esesibili - ngenxa ye-vagus nerve.

Ngobuhlungu obukhulu kumuntu ngokumelene ne-pancreatitis, kunconywa ukuthi abe sesimweni sokuhlalela phambili. Lesi sikhundla somzimba sikuvumela ukuthi wehlise umthwalo entweni enesifo kusukela ohlangothini lwesisu nomgogodla, okusiza ukwenza buthakathaka isifo esibuhlungu.

Isakhiwo esingokomlando

Ama-pancreas anesakhiwo se-alveolar-tubular, esihlukaniswe ngama-lobules. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinzwa, izindunduma nemithambo yegazi. Ngosizo lwe-ducts, i-secretion ye-gland iyaqoqwa futhi ihanjiswe duct main.

Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziphambili zamanyikwe - eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi i-exocrine, eyesibili - i-endocrine.

Ingxenye exocrine ithatha 98% yevolumu ephelele. Kubandakanya ama-acini kanye nama-ducts ama-acret. Enye yazo, okuthiwa i-pancreatic duct ejwayelekile, ingena ngqo kwi-duodenum.

Ama-acini ayindilinga ngokuma, ubukhulu bawo bungamakhulu angama-150. I-acinus iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli.

Amaseli okuqala angama-ductal futhi abizwa ngokuthi ama-epithelial cell, elesibili angama-secretory, abizwa nge- exocrine pancreatocytes. Inani lamaseli omfihlo lisuka ku-8 liye ku-12.

Isakhiwo esijwayelekile se-acini simelelwa ngumnyango ophambili kanye nomnyango wokugcina. Izicucu zokufakelwa zixhunywe emiseleni ehlangana, ingena emithanjeni eyindilinga.

Lezi zamuva zidlulela emiseleni egcwele, exhumanisa ne-duct ejwayelekile.

Ingxenye ye-endocrine ingu-2% wobukhulu bendlala. Isakhiwo saso sifaka phakathi iziqhingi zeLangerhans, ezitholakala phakathi kwe-acini.

Lezi zingqimba zamangqamuzana zihlukaniswa ne-acini izicubu ezithintekayo. Iziqhingi zifinyeleleka kakhulu yinethiwekhi yama-capillaries.

Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, i-glucagon ne-somatostatin, amaseli e-islet akhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne-pasoide e-vasoactive ne-pancreatic polypeptide.

Ngomthamo omncane, amangqamuzana eziqhingi zaseLangerhans aqukethe i-tyroliberin ne-gastrin. I-hormone yokuqala ibandakanyeka emgomeni wenqubo yokusebenza kwengqondo, elesibili libandakanyeka esigabeni samathumbu senqubo yokugaya ukudla.

Ungazibona kanjani izimpawu zezinqubo zokuvuvukala?

Izinqubo zokuvuvukala kumanyikwe zenzeka ngokwezimpawu eziningi. Okuyinhloko ukungondleki. Imvamisa, izinhlungu zibonakala kumuntu ngemuva kokudla ukudla okunamafutha ngokweqile noma okubabayo.

Izinhlobo ezintathu zesifo zingakhombisa ukukhula kokuvuvukala emzimbeni:

• izinkinga zokucasha kwangaphandle;
• i-syndrome yokuvuvukala ebhubhisayo;
• ukwehluleka ekusithekeni kwangaphakathi.

Uma kunokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni kwe-exocrine, umuntu uyoba nezimpawu ezilandelayo zokuvuvukala:

• ukuqina kwezipikili;
• izinsini ezibuthakathaka, ezivezwa ukopha kwazo;
• ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba;
• isifo sohudo kaningi, isicanucanu;
• i-angulitis (ukuquleka ekhoneni lomlomo).

I-syndrome eyonakalisayo-yokuvuvukala ibonakaliswa yizimpawu ezihlukile zokukhula kokuvuvukala okunzima:

• amakhaza;
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
• ubuhlungu obukhulu ku-peritoneum;
• isicanucanu
• ithoni yesikhumba ephuzi;
• isifiso sokudla;
• izinhlungu ezihlangene.

I-syndrome ehambisana nokwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwe-intracecretory ivezwa yizimpawu ezilandelayo:

• umkhiqizo ompofu we-insulin;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela;
• ukungasebenzi kahle kokuthambekele komzimba emzimbeni weglucose engenayo.

Ividiyo mayelana nezimpawu zesifo se-pancreatic:

Imbangela ejwayelekile yokuvuvukala i-pancreatitis, engamboza sonke isitho nezitho zayo ngazinye.

Uhlobo lobuhlungu buxhomeke ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye ye-gland eye yashiswa:

• ngokuvuvukala komzimba wendlala - izinhlungu ngaphezulu kwenkaba;
• ngenqubo yokuvuvukala emsileni - ubuhlungu ku-hypochondrium yesobunxele;
• ngesifo salo lonke udlala - izinhlungu phezu kobuso bonke besisu, bufinyelela esikhungweni, emuva;
• ngenqubo yokuvuvukala ekhanda - izinhlungu kuyi-hypochondrium efanele.

I-pancreatitis ingaba nezindlela ezimbi futhi ezingalapheki. Lesi sifo sinezimpawu ezijwayelekile, esivame ukubonakaliswa ngemuva kokuthi umuntu esephuze utshwala noma ukudla okunamafutha.

Izimpawu ze-pancreatitis zingokulandelayo:

• isicanucanu
• umkhuhlane ophakeme;
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• ukwanda kwesisu;
• ukugabha okukhulu;
• isifo sohudo esiphikelelayo;
• ukubonakala kokulunywa esikhunjeni;
• kuphuzi kwesikhumba.

Uhlobo olunamandla lwesifo lubonakala ngokushintshana kwezikhathi zobuhlungu obukhali nokungabikho kwabo. Ubuhlungu bukhulu ikakhulukazi lapho umuntu elele emhlane wakhe. Ngendlela engapheli yesifo se-pancreatitis, izinhlungu zenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku nasesiswini esingenalutho. Kodwa-ke, ukudla akubenzi buthaka. Ngokuzayo, izikhathi zokuxolelwa zingavela.

Ungayinakekela kanjani insimbi?

Ukuze ulondoloze ukusebenza okuvamile kwama-pancreas kubalulekile:

• Musa ukudla ngokweqile noma ukulayisha isitho;
• ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, okunamafutha nokudla okuthosiwe;
• ukwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele isifo se-gallstone;
• gcina ukudla kubandakanya izidlo ezine ngosuku;
• nciphisa ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwama-carbohydrate namaprotheni ezilwane;
• qaphela ukuphuza amakhalori amaningi, gcina isisindo esijwayelekile;
• ukwelapha okufika ngesikhathi izifo ezihambisana namathumbu nesisu;
• phambi kwe-pancreatitis engapheli, qaphela irekhodi lamalungiselelo we-enzyme.

Ividiyo evela kuDkt Malysheva ngokunakekela ama-pancreas:

Kafushane, kunezimpawu ezintathu ezinkulu zokunakekelwa:

• ukondleka okufanele ngaphandle kokudla utshwala, okuthosiwe nokunamafutha ekudleni;
• ukususwa ngesikhathi kwamatshe kwavela emgodini ngenxa yengozi enkulu yokungena kwawo emigodini;
• ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kwezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.

Thinta kakhulu impilo yemikhuba emibi yomzimba. Utshwala nokubhema kuyimbangela ejwayelekile ye-pancreatitis ebantwini. Kuyadingeka ukususa ubuthi obunqwabelene emzimbeni emzimbeni ngendlela yesikhathi esifanele ngokudla okufanele nokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo okusekela we-enzyme.