Ukutholwa kwesifo kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukwelashwa okusebenzayo, ngakho-ke izingane zidinga ukuthatha izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila.
Okunye ukuhlolwa okubalulekile ukuhlolwa kwegazi ushukela.
Ukuphambuka kwale nkomba kusuka kokujwayelekile kungabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esibi njengesifo sikashukela.
Imisebenzi yeglucose
Izinga le-glucose egazini liyinkomba ebalulekile yezempilo.
Iqoqelalwazi lwalesi zinto lilawulwa ngama-hormone akhiqizwa kumanyikwe:
- i-insulin - ikhawulela inani layo;
- i-glucagon - inegalelo ekwandeni kwayo.
Imisebenzi esemqoka:
- ubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zokushintshana;
- kusiza ukugcina impilo yomzimba;
- uyisakhi samangqamuzana obuchopho;
- kuthuthukisa inkumbulo;
- weseka umsebenzi wenhliziyo;
- kusiza ukuqeda ngokushesha umuzwa wendlala;
- isusa ingcindezi;
- kwenyusa izinga lokubuyiselwa kwezicubu zomzimba;
- isiza isibindi inqubo yokunciphisa ubuthi.
Izinga eleqile noma eliphansi lalesi sakhi libhekwa njengophawu lwesimo se-pathological esivele enganeni futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa.
Izimpawu ezethusayo - ukuhlaziywa kudingeka nini?
Izingane, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ziphonswa izifundo ezahlukahlukene ezihlelekile, phakathi kwazo okuhlale kuvivinywa ushukela.
Ngaphezu kovivinyo olunqunywe ngudokotela ngokuya ngecebo, izinga le-glucose kumele futhi linqunywe ezimweni lapho impilo yengane iba yimbi khona. Lesi simo singasayina izifo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela.
Ababelethi kufanele baphaphamele izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukoma okuphikelelayo;
- ukwanda kokuvama kokuchama;
- ukunciphisa isisindo;
- ukukhathala;
- ukuba khona kwendlala, kunyamalala isikhashana nje.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela kosanda kuzalwa:
- ukuba khona kwe-diaper rash;
- ukungahambi kahle komchamo ebusuku;
- ukwakheka kwezindawo ezibomvu ebunzini, izihlathi nasesilevwini.
Ezinganeni ezikhuluphele kakhulu, kufanele kunakwe izimpawu ezifana nokuthi:
- ukucasulwa ku-perineum;
- ukuba khona kokubonakaliswa kwe-thrush;
- ukuba khona kwamabala amnyama esolini, entanyeni, ezinqeni;
- izilonda ezixegayo zesikhumba sesikhumba.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isifo sikashukela sikhula ngokushesha ezigulini ezisencane. Ukungazinaki izimpawu ezisesibonakalweni sokuqala kwesifo kungaholela emiphumeleni eyingozi, kufaka phakathi i-ketoacidosis nethonya.
Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zingavela enyangeni ngemuva kokuboniswa kokuqala kwenqubo ye-pathological ezinganeni ezingaphezulu kweminyaka emi-3. Ingane enonyaka owodwa mancane amathuba okuba ibe nesimo esibucayi.
Unganikela kanjani ngegazi?
Njengoba kunikezwe amandla amazinga weglucose ukwehluka ngokuya ngeminyaka yesiguli, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela kahle ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholwe le nkomba. Ukuqaliswa kokunconywa kwezokwelapha kuzovikela amaphutha emiphumeleni kanye nokuvela kwamaphutha okuxilonga.
Imithetho yokulungiselela:
- Ungadli noma yikuphi ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ukudla isidlo sakusihlwa noma yikuphi ukudla okudla ngosuku olwandulela ucwaningo akumele kube sekudlule amahora angama-10-12 ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi. Esiswini esingenalutho uvunyelwe ukuphuza inani elincane lamanzi (ngesicelo). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuzila isikhathi eside kungaholela enkombeni engalungile, ngakho-ke, ukungavimbi ukudla akufanele kudlule amahora ayi-14.
- Musa ukuxubha amazinyo akho ukuze uvikele ukungena kweshukela okuqukethwe ukunamathisela kungena egazini, okungaphambanisa inani lesikhombi.
Elebhu, ingane ihlatshwa ngensimbi ekhethekile. Ithonsi elibangelwa libe selisetshenziselwa umucu wokuhlolwa olungiselelwe kwangaphambili ofakwe kumitha.
Umphumela uvame ukuboniswa ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa esikrinini sedivayisi. Amanye ama-laboratories ngesandla anquma ukugcwala koshukela. Ukuthola imiphumela ngale ndlela yokucwaninga kuthatha isikhathi eside.
Ukusungula i-diagnostic enembile, kunconyelwa ukuthi kuhlolwe i-glucose test, okubandakanya izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Kuyashesha kuthathwe igazi.
- Inani elithile likashukela oluxutshwe namanzi luyadakwa. Umthamo wefulawa ubalwa ngokuya ngesisindo somzimba (1,75 g ngekhilogremu).
- Isampula yegazi ephindaphindwe yenziwa emahoreni ama-2 ngemuva kokuthatha ikhambi.
- Uma kunesidingo, inani lokuhlolwa ngemuva kokuvivinya umzimba lingangezelelwa.
Ucwaningo lukuvumela ukuthi usungule isilinganiso se-digestibility sikashukela esidliwayo kanye nekhono lomzimba lokuyenza ibe ngokwejwayelekile. Izici ezinjengokuxineka, umkhuhlane ojwayelekile, noma okunye ukugula kungakhuphula ushukela. Abazali kufanele babike noma yikuphi kwalokhu kudokotela oholayo ohlola imiphumela yocwaningo.
Ukukhonjwa kwesikhombi esihlukile kokujwayelekile kungaba yisizathu sokuhlolwa kabusha ukuze kungafakwa amaphutha ngesikhathi sokuziphatha noma kokulungiswa kwaso, kanye nokwenza ukuxilongwa okuyikho. Uma kutholakale izinga likashukela eliphakeme kukho konke ukucubungula, khona-ke umthelela wesici noma amathuba okuba khona kwephutha azoba aphansi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zikashukela wegazi enganeni
Izimo zesikhombi zisungulwa ngeminyaka yezingane. Umehluko ungaba khona lapho uhlaziya ama-laboratories ahlukene. Imiphumela yengeza futhi ikhombisa amanani asungulwe isikhungo sezokwelapha enza ucwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkombandlela okuvunyelwene ngazo yi-WHO.
Ithebula lezinkomba ezijwayelekile zoshukela ngeminyaka
| Iminyaka | Umkhawulo ophansi wokujwayelekile, mmol / l | Umkhawulo ophezulu wokujwayelekile, mmol / l |
|---|---|---|
| Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa | 2,78 | 4,4 |
| Kusuka onyakeni kuya eminyakeni eyi-6 | 3,3 | 5,1 |
| Kusuka eminyakeni engu-6 kuye kweyi-12 | 3,3 | 5,6 |
| Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-12 | 3,5 | 5,5 |
Ukuqashelwa kwenkomba kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokuhluleka ezinganeni ezinomama ababenomlando wesifo sikashukela. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, lezi zingane zivame ukuzwa ukwehla kokuqukethwe ushukela.
Ukwethulwa kwe-glucose kumthamo ofanele, okwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele, kukuvumela ukuthi uguqule umzimba. Izizathu zokuncipha kweglucose zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuzalwa nokucindezelwa okuhlangenwe nakho.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoglycemia kuvame ukuthinteka ezinsaneni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngezimpawu ezinzima, lesi simo kungaholela ekutheni ukhubazeke ingqondo, ukugula kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ukufa.
Kungani inkomba ingaba phezulu noma iphansi kunokwejwayelekile?
Inani lokuhlungwa kweglucose lincike ezicini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukondleka, amazinga e-hormone kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
Izizathu eziphambili ezithinta inkomba:
- Ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreatic ngenxa yezimpawu zomzimba. Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Isitho siqhubeka nokuvuthwa kwaso phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila.
- Izigaba ezisebenzayo ezikhishwe ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane. Ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala engama-6-8 noma eyi-12- 12, ukuqhuma okunamandla kwama-hormone kuyabonakala. Kulesi simo, izakhiwo zomzimba zanda ngosayizi, zithinta zonke izinkomba, kubandakanya namazinga kashukela. Umsebenzi owandayo wama-pancreas ezimeni ezinjalo uba ngumthombo wokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin eyengeziwe.
Ukwanda kwe-glucose kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nalezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukuhlaziywa okungalungile noma ukulungiselela okungalungile kokuhlolwa;
- ingcindezi noma ukungezwani kwengqondo ingane eyabhekana nakho ngaphambi kosuku lokufunda;
- ama-pathologies we-gland yegland, i-pituitary gland noma i-adrenal gland;
- ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngenxa yama-pancreatic neoplasms;
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
- ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-NSAIDs noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-glucocorticoids;
- ukudla okungalinganiseli;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Izizathu zokwehla:
- ukucindezelwa ngokweqile komzimba ngaphandle kokuphinda usebenzise amandla;
- ukuzila isikhathi eside;
- ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic;
- izilonda zohlelo lwezinzwa, lapho kuvela khona izimila, ukulimala;
- ukuhlala njalo ezimweni ezicindezelayo;
- i-sarcoidosis;
- izifo zokugaya ukudla;
- ubuthi be-arsenic noma i-chloroform.
Ukwehla noma ukwanda kwe-glycemia kufanele kube yisizathu sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale umthombo wenqubo ye-pathological.
Ividiyo evela kudokotela wezingane odumile uKomarovsky ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni:
Yini izingane ezisengozini yesifo sikashukela?
Isibalo sezingane ezitholwe sinalesi sifo sikhula minyaka yonke.
Izigaba ezilandelayo zeziguli zisengozini
:
- ngesiphetho sofuzo;
- izingane zingaphansi kwengcindezi yezinzwa;
- okhuluphele
- ukwephulwa kwezinqubo ze-metabolic;
- ukudla ngokungafanele izingane ezinokudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate ngokweqile.
Amathuba alezi zinto anda ebukhoneni besifo sikashukela kubazali.
Ingozi yesifo yile:
- Ama-25% ezinganeni ezizalwa emndenini onesifo sikashukela ezimbili;
- cishe i-12% enomzali oyedwa onesifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlonza ushukela kwelinye lamawele kwandisa ubungozi bokugula kwelinye.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma isifo sitholakele?
Izingane ezine-glycemia eyandisiwe zinikezwa ukwelashwa okufanele, okubandakanya izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukuthatha imishanguzo;
- ukunamathela ekudleni okunomkhawulo wama-carbohydrate;
- ukusebenza komzimba;
- izinqubo zokuhlanzeka esifike ngesikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulunywa futhi kuvikele ukwakheka kwe-purulent;
- ukuhlinzekwa kosizo ngokwengqondo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isifo sikashukela asisona isigwebo. Abazali badinga nje ukunaka kakhulu ingane, iqaphe indlela odla ngayo nokwelashwa ngayo, futhi ibasize bazivumelanise nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.
