Izimpawu nokwelashwa kwama-tumany pancreatic

Indawo yesine enanini lokufa ihlala neziqubu ezihlukumezanayo zamanyikwe.

Inani eliphakeme lamathuba okuthuthukisa i-pathology livela ku-70, kepha ubungozi be-neoplasm buqhamuka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 yobudala.

Ukufihlakala kwesifo kulele ekutheni ukwakheka okulimazayo nokungahlafuneki kukhula cishe kungazwakali kahle, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola lesi sifo ezisezingeni lokuqala futhi kunciphise amathuba okuba umphumela omuhle.

Izimbangela ze-neoplasms

Isizathu sokukhula kwezimila ngamaseli aguqukile avela emzimbeni, kepha ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kuyacindezelwa isikhathi leso ngokuba amasosha omzimba. Lapho amasosha omzimba eba buthaka, amangqamuzana amabi aqala ukuhlukana bese kuba neoplasm, umzimba ongasakwazi ukubhekana nakho ngokwawo.

Kungani amaseli ane-DNA eshintshiwe avela okwamanje akwaziwa, kepha izici ezinjalo zingathinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesimila:

• umlutha wotshwala ne-nicotine;
• isakhi sofuzo kanye nefa
• ubuhlanga nobulili - imvamisa yokutholwa kwegazi itholakala emadodeni, nakubantu bohlanga lweNegroid;
• iminyaka yobudala - abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 basengozini enkulu yalesi sifo;
• i-pancreatitis engapheli;
• ubuthi emzimbeni ngezinto ezinobuthi nezamakhemikhali;
• isilonda sesisu;
• izifo zesistimu ye-endocrine;
• ukuqina kwesibindi;
• ukuqina okuphansi kokuzivocavoca umzimba ngokuhambisana nesisindo ngokweqile;
• ukuba khona kwe-oncological pathologies emzimbeni;
• i-ulcerative colitis kanye nesifo sikaCrohn;
• ukuhlinzwa kwesisu;
• izinkinga zokudla;
• izifo zomgogodla womlomo;
• izifo zomzimba.

I-Adenoma, ukwakheka kwe-cystic ku-gland kanye ne-pancreatitis kuvame ukuholela lapho kuvela khona isimila somdlavuza.

Inkulumo yevidiyo ngemisebenzi yamanyikwe emzimbeni:

Izimpawu ze-Benign

Ama-tumente we-Benign akayona ingozi empilweni, kepha angakhula abe yingozi. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kwabo nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi akubalulekile kangako njengokutholwa kwezimila ezinomdlavuza.

Izinhlobo

Ukuhlukaniswa kuhlukanisa isimila esisusa kulezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• ama-fibromas - akhiwa kusuka kumaseli e-fibrous;
• ama-lipomas - akhiwa kusuka kumaseli wamafutha;
• i-adenoma - iqukethe izicubu ze-glandular;
• insuloma - isimila se-neuroendocrine;
• hemangioma - yakhiwa kusuka emithanjeni yegazi;
• i-leiomyoma - yakhiwa kusuka kumaseli abushelelezi bemisipha;
• i-neurinoma - iqukethe amaseli ezinzwa.

Kunezigaba ezimbili zokuthuthuka kwezimila ezibangelwa ukuqina:

• kokuqala - isimila sosayizi omncane sesenziwe;
• sekwephuzile - i-neoplasm iqala ukucwilisa imisele, imithambo yegazi yesibeletho nokuphela kwezinzwa, iqala ukuzabalaza izitho eziseduze.

Izimpawu

Ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, izimila azivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela, kepha esimeni sokukhula okuthe xaxa, ungabona ezinye izimpawu:

• isifiso sokudla siyancipha bese kuba nesicanucanu;
• ukusebenza kuyawohloka;
• kukhona izinhlungu esiswini nangaphansi kwembambo kwesokudla, ukunikela emuva;
• Ubuhlungu buzwakala ngemuva kokudla buye bube bubi ebusuku.

Ukwanda ngosayizi, ukwakheka kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwendlala, kanti nezimpawu ziqala ukubizwa:

• kuyaqala ukuhudula indle ekhanyayo;
• isicanucanu kuphenduka ukuhlanza;
• umchamo umnyama;
• imvamisa yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini iyaphazamiseka;
• umjuluko uyanda;
• ukubanda nobuhlungu esibindini kuvela;
• isikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwamehlo luphenduka ophuzi;
• isikhumba esikhanyayo.

Ukwelashwa komzimba nokwanda kwesikhumba kuvame ukwenzeka uma kuvela isimila ekhanda lamanyikwe.

Kulesi sigaba, awusakwazi ukuhlehlisa ukuvakasha kudokotela. Kwemfundo esheshayo kutholakala, maningi amathuba okuthi kuvinjelwe ukukhula kwe-oncology.

Ukuxilonga

Ukuxilonga kuqala ngokuqoqwa kwemininingwane ephathelene nezikhalazo, indlela yokuphila yesiguli, izifo ezihambisanayo nezifo ezedlule, kanye namacala we-oncology phakathi kwezihlobo eziseduzane. Ngokuzayo, izifundo zokuxilonga zinqunyelwe.

Ngeshwa, indlala ifihlwe ezinye izitho futhi ayibonakali kahle ngesikhathi se-ultrasound, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kufaka:

• I-MRI ne-CT;
• i-magnetic resonance pancreatocholangiography;
• endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi:

• izifundo ezijwayelekile zokwelapha ngegazi nomchamo;
• i-biochemistry yegazi;
• igazi kwizimpawu zomdlavuza;
• ikhophi
• ukucwaninga kwengcezu ye-gland ye-histology.

Ukwelashwa nokuqunjelwa yisifo

Ukwakheka kweBenign akuvumeli ukusetshenziswa kwamaqhinga alindelekile ngenxa yengozi ephezulu yokuwohloka kwamakhowe anomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufaka ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuphela.

Ngokuya ngobulukhuni besimo, kukhethwa i-laparoscopy noma isisu esiswini, okuthi lapho kukhiwa futhi, uma kunesidingo, ingxenye yesisu uqobo isuswe.

Ukususwa ngesikhathi futhi uma ukuhlolwa kwe-histological kungazange kuveze amaseli abuhlungu, khona-ke ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kuyinto enhle impela.

Ama-neoplasms amakhulu

Kaningi, isimila esibi sekhanda sivela ezicutshini ze-epithelium ye-ducts ye-gland. Kanye ne-carcinoma ne-sarcoma, lezi zinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-pancreatic oncology.

Ama-neoplasms abuhlungu nawo anokuhlukaniswa kwawo:

• i-sarcoma - i-lymphosarcoma, i-carciosarcoma, i-angiosarcoma, i-fibrosarcoma;
• ukwakheka okubi kwe-cystic - i-carcinomatous, sarcomatous;
• umdlavuza - i-oncology yeziqhingi zaseLangengars, i-acenous adenocarcinoma, cylindrical, squamous.

Ngokuya ngosayizi wokwakheka nokusabalala kwesimila, izigaba eziningana zihlukaniswe:

1. Isigaba se-zero ukuphela kwesiqalo sokukhula kwesimila esibuhlungu, lapho inani elincane lamaseli liguquka. Ngalesi sikhathi, imfundo ingatholakala kuphela kusetshenziswa i-computer tomography noma i-MRI. Lapho uthola i-oncology kulesi sigaba, i-prognosis yokwelapha okuphelele ingama-99%.
2. Isigaba sokuqala sihlukaniswe izikhala - endaweni eyodwa (endaweni ye-1A) ukwakheka kungungu-2 cm ngosayizi, kwelinye (ukufaka esikhundleni esingu-1B) isimila sikhula size sibe ngu-5 cm. Esigabeni sokuqala, isimila asishiyi indlala futhi asigcwali nge-metastases, ngenxa yalokho, singasuswa ngokuhlinzwa .
3. Isigaba 2 - kulesi sigaba, isimila sikhula emiseleni ye-bile nezitho eziseduze (esikhundleni 2A) noma kuma-lymph node (2B).
4. Isigaba 3 - ama-metastases athinta imithambo emikhulu nemithambo yegazi.
5. Isigaba 4 - ama-metastases asakazeka ezithweni ezikude. Isigaba sokugcina, lapho ukusebenza kungasasizi.

Izimpawu Nokuxilongwa

I-tumor enobisi iba nengakabonakali, futhi lapho kuphela izitho zomakhelwane ezilimele, kuvela izimpawu:

• ukuntuleka kokudla nokuhlanza;
• ukuqhakaza nohudo;
• indle ekhanyayo nomchamo omnyama;
• Ubuhlungu besisu.

Umdlavuza emzimbeni noma umsila wamanyikwe unezela izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ubanzi olwandisiwe;
• Ubuhlungu buzwakala ngaphansi kobambo lwesobunxele;
• ukunciphisa umzimba kuyabonakala;
• ascites eba.

Uma ikhanda lesigujana lithintekile, khona-ke izimpawu zimi ngokulandelayo:

• izinhlungu ngaphansi kobambo olungakwesokudla;
• kuphuzi kwesikhumba nolwelwesi lwe-mucous lwamehlo kuyabonakala;
• kukhona umuzwa wokumiswa;
• okunyayo kuba ngamafutha.

Ukuxilonga i-neoplasm enobungozi yosizo yezifundo zaselebhu kanye nezinsizakalo:

• i-cholangiography;
• imaging kazibuthe;
• i-compact tomography;
• i-biopsy
• I-Ultrasound
• igazi le-bilirubin;
• ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwegazi kanye nomchamo.

Ngosizo lwe-biopsy, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-histological kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza olunqunyiwe.

Ukwelashwa nokuqunjelwa yisifo

Esimweni esisebenzayo, isimila sisuswa ngokuhlinzwa.

Kepha imvamisa kulesi sigaba, i-pathology ayitholakali kakhulu, hhayi ngaphezulu kwe linye lamacala ayi-10, bese kuba nomdlavuza wekhanda lesikhumba, ngoba itholakala ngokushesha ngenxa yokuqina kwesikhumba.

Ekuqaleni kwentuthuko, ukwakheka kususwa ngengxenye yezicubu ezinempilo zesikhumba, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ngengxenye yezitho eziseduze, futhi nokwelashwa kunqunyelwe ukuthi kunciphise izimpawu futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kokubuyela emuva.

Ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy, ubuthi bungeniswa emzimbeni wesiguli, ukuvimba ukukhula kwama-metastases futhi kubhubhise amaseli womdlavuza (Fluorouracil, Semustin). Ukwelashwa okunjalo kungenziwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa noma kokulungiselela.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe wenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-chemotherapy. Umzimba wesiguli uvulelwa imisebe ye-radioactive, ngenxa yalokho kuncishiswa isimila esibuhlungu futhi usayizi wezinhlungu uncishisiwe.

Futhi, iziguli zithola izingxenyana ze-ASD. Ukwemukelwa kwenziwa ngezifundo. I-ASD inciphisa izinhlungu, ivuselela ukuvuselelwa kweseli kanye nemetabolism, futhi ikhuthaza ukungaziphathi komzimba.

I-enzyme ye-pancreatic (Pancrease, Creon) nayo ibekelwe iziguli.

Izinto zevidiyo eziphathelene nomdlavuza we-pancreatic:

Isinyathelo esibalulekile ekwelashweni ukulandela ukudla ngokudla okulinganiselwe kanye nohlelo lokudla oluneziqeshana eziluncane.

Endabeni yokususwa kwesimila esidabukisayo esigabeni sokuqala, i-prognosis ilungile impela.

Lapho sikhulu isigaba ngesikhathi sokutholwa, sinciphisa amathuba okuba ngomphumela omuhle. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala kokwelashwa esiteji 2 kugcizelela kakhulu amandla okususa ngokuphelele ukwakheka. Imvamisa kuyadingeka ukususa lonke i-gland ngisho nezitho zomakhelwane, kepha iphesenti lokubuyela emuva lisephezulu futhi yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yeziguli ezisinda ifinyelele eminyakeni emi-5 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Isigaba sesithathu nesesine asisebenzi, ngoba izitho eziningi zithathwa ngama-metastases futhi ukusebenza ngeke kusize, kepha kube kubhebhethekisa lesi simo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa kokulondolozwa kwenziwa ukulungiselela impilo yesiguli. Ngokuyisisekelo, iziguli ezisezigabeni zokugcina zisekelwa ama-narcotic painkillers. Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezinjalo azihlali isikhathi eside kunezinyanga ezingama-6-8 ngemuva kokutholwa kwe-oncology.