Izinga le-glucose egazini liyinkomba ebalulekile, okufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile kubo bonke abadala nasezinganeni. I-glucose yisakhi samandla esiyinhloko sempilo yomzimba, yingakho ukukala izinga layo kubalulekile kubantu abanesifo esijwayelekile njengesifo sikashukela. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni etholakele, umuntu angahlulela ukuqagela kokuqala kwalesi sifo kubantu abanempilo kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwendlela enqunyelwe ezigulini ezinokuxilongwa okwaziwayo.
Okuqukethwe yi-athikili
- 1 Yini i-glucose, imisebenzi yayo esemqoka
- 2 Umgomo wokulawulwa kweglue
- 3 Izinga likashukela wegazi kusuka emunweni
- 4 Izibalo zegazi ezijwayelekile ze-venous
- 5 Ukuhlolwa kokunqunywa kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose
- 5.1 Isheltha likashukela (ushukela)
- I-5.2 Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
- 5.3 Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Biochemical
- 5.4 Igazi le-Fructosamine
- 5.5 Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-glucose (GTT)
- 5.6 C peptide
- 6 Kufanele uhlole kangaki ushukela kumuntu ophilile nabanesifo sikashukela
- 7 Izimpawu zokushintsha kweglucose
- 7.1 I-Hypoglycemia
- 7.2 I-Hyperglycemia
- 8 Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo?
Yini i-glucose, imisebenzi yayo esemqoka
I-glucose iyi-carbohydrate elula, ngenxa yokuthi iseli ngalinye lithola amandla adingekayo empilweni. Ngemuva kokungena epheshaneni lesisu, liyajovwa bese lithunyelwa egazini, ngalo bese lidluliselwa kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu.
Kepha akusiwo wonke ushukela ovela ekudleni oguqulwa ube amandla. Ingxenye encane yayo igcinwa kwizitho eziningi, kodwa inani elikhulu kakhulu ligcinwa esibindini njenge-glycogen. Uma kunesidingo, iyakwazi ukugqekeza ibe ushukela futhi yenza ukuntuleka kwamandla.
I-glucose emzimbeni yenza imisebenzi eminingi. Okusemqoka kufaka phakathi:
- nokugcina impilo yomzimba ileveli efanele;
- i-cell energy substrate;
- ukugcwala okusheshayo;
- ukugcina izinqubo ze-metabolic;
- amandla okuvuselela okuhlobene nezicubu zemisipha;
- detoxation uma kwenzeka ubuthi.
Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kashukela wegazi kusuka kokujwayelekile kuholela ekuphulweni kwemisebenzi engenhla.
Umgomo wokulawula ushukela wegazi
I-glucose ingumhlinzeki wamandla oyinhloko kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni; isekela zonke izindlela ze-metabolic. Ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile, amaseli we-pancreatic beta akhiqiza i-hormone - i-insulin, enganciphisa ushukela bese isheshise ukwakheka kwe-glycogen.
I-insulin inesibopho senani le-glucose egcinwe. Njengomphumela wokungasebenzi kahle kwe-pancreas, ukwehluleka kwe-insulin, ngenxa yalokho, ushukela wegazi ukhuphuka ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
Izinga likashukela wegazi
Ithebula lamareferensi kubantu abadala.
| Isimo sikashukela ngaphambi kokudla (mmol / l) | Imikhuba yoshukela ngemuva kokudla (mmol / l) |
| 3,3-5,5 | 7.8 nangaphansi |
Uma izinga le-glycemia ngemuva kokudla noma umthwalo kashukela lisuka ku-7.8 liye ku-11.1 mmol / l, khona-ke lapho kutholakala khona ukuthi kutholakala isifo sokubandezeleka kwe-carbohydrate (prediabetes)
Uma inkomba ingaphezu kwe-11.1 mmol / l, khona-ke sikashukela.
Ukubalwa kwegazi okujwayelekile kwe-venous
Ithebula lezinkomba ezijwayelekile ngeminyaka.
Iminyaka | Imvelo yoshukela, mmol / l |
| Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa (usuku 1 lokuphila) | 2,22-3,33 |
| Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa (izinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezingama-28) | 2,78-4,44 |
| Izingane | 3,33-5,55 |
| Abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 | 4,11-5,89 |
| Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 kuya kwengama-90 ubudala | 4,56-6,38 |
Imikhuba yoshukela wegazi kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-90 ngu-4.16-6.72 mmol / l
Izilinganiso zokunquma ukugxila kwe-glucose
Izindlela ezilandelayo zokuxilonga ziyatholakala ukuthola amazinga kashukela:
Igazi likashukela (ushukela)
Ukuhlaziywa, igazi eliphelele kusuka emunweni liyadingeka. Imvamisa, lolu cwaningo lwenziwa esiswini esingenalutho, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokukhipha ushukela. Imvamisa, izinga likashukela linqunywa indlela ye-glucose oxidase. Futhi, ukuthola isifo ngokushesha ezimweni eziphuthumayo, i-glucometer ngezinye izikhathi singasetshenziswa.
Isimo sikashukela wegazi siyefana kwabesifazane nabesilisa. IGlycemia akufanele yedlule ku-3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L (egazini le-capillary).
I-Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Lokhu kuhlaziywa akudingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile futhi kungasho ngokunembile ngokushintshashintsha kweglucose yegazi ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule. Imvamisa lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lubekelwa ukuqapha amandla esifo sikashukela noma ukukhomba isisusa salesi sifo (prediabetes).
Izinga le-glycated hemoglobin liyi isuka ku-4% iye ku-6%.
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Amakhemikhali egazi
Ngokusebenzisa lolu cwaningo, ukugcwala kwe-glucose ku-plasma yegazi le-venous kunqunywa. Igazi lithathwa esiswini esingenalutho. Imvamisa iziguli azazi le nuance, efaka amaphutha okuxilonga. Iziguli zivunyelwe ukuphuza amanzi angenalutho. Kuyanconywa futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yezimo ezicindezelayo futhi uthathe isikhathi nemidlalo ngaphambi kokunikezela.
Fructosamine igazi
I-Fructosamine yinto eyenziwe njengomphumela wokusebenzisana kwamaprotheni egazi kanye noshukela. Ngokusekelwe ekugxileni kwayo, umuntu angahlulela ubukhulu bokwephulwa kwama-carbohydrate emasontweni amathathu edlule. Isampula yegazi lokuhlaziywa kwi-fructosamine yenziwe kusuka esiswini esingenalutho.
Amanani okubhekiswa (okujwayelekile) - 205-285 -28mol / l
Ukuhlolwa kokubekezelela kwe-Glucose (GTT)
Kubantu abavamile, "ushukela onomthwalo" usetshenziselwa ukuthola i-prediabetes (ukubekezelela okungahambi kahle kuma-carbohydrate). Okunye ukuhlinzekelwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ukuthola isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Umongo wayo ulele ekutheni isiguli sinikezwa amasampula egazi kabili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amahlandla amathathu.
Isampula yokuqala yenziwa esiswini esingenalutho, khona-ke amagremu angama-75-100 kashukela owomile (ngokuya ngesisindo somzimba wesiguli) kuxutshwa namanzi esigulini, kuthi emva kwamahora ama-2 kuhlaziywe futhi.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-endocrinologists athi kulungile ukwenza i-GTT hhayi amahora ama-2 ngemuva kokulayisha ushukela, kepha njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 amahora angama-2.
I-peptide
Umuthi obangelwa ukuqhekeka kwe-proinsulin ubizwa nge-c-peptide. I-Proinsulin iyisendlalelo se-insulin. Igqekeza phakathi kwezingxenye ezi-2 - i-insulin ne-C-peptide ngokwesilinganiso esingu-5: 1.
Inani le-C-peptide lingahlulela ngokungaqondile isimo se-pancreas. Ucwaningo lunqunyelwe ekutholakaleni okuhlukile kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 noma i-insulinomas okusolwayo.
Isimo se-c-peptide ngu-0.9-7.10 ng / ml
Kukangaki udinga ukubheka ushukela kumuntu onempilo noshukela
Imvamisa yokuhlolwa kuya ngesimo sakho sempilo noma ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kwesinye isikhathi ngidinga ukukala ushukela kuze kube kahlanu ngosuku, kanti isifo sikashukela II sinquma ukubheka kanye kuphela ngosuku, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Kubantu abanempilo enhle, kuyadingeka ukuthi bahlolwe lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kanye ngonyaka, futhi nakubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40, ngenxa ye-concomitant pathologies futhi ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kungakuhle ukukwenza lokhu njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Izimpawu zokushintsha kweshukela
I-glucose yomabili ingakhuphuka kakhulu ngamanani angenele we-insulin inj inj noma anamaphutha ekudleni (lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperglycemia), futhi ingahle iwele ngokweqile kwe-insulin noma izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic (hypoglycemia). Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha uchwepheshe omuhle ozochaza wonke ama-nuances wezokwelashwa kwakho.
Cabanga ngesimo ngasinye.
I-Hypoglycemia
Isimo se-hypoglycemia sikhula ngokugcotshwa koshukela egazini okungaphansi kuka-3.3 mmol / L. I-glucose ingumhlinzeki wamandla womzimba, ikakhulukazi amangqamuzana obuchopho asabela ngokunamandla kokuntuleka kwe-glucose, futhi ukusuka lapha umuntu angaqagela izimpawu zesimo se-pathological enjalo.
Izizathu zokunciphisa ushukela zanele, kepha ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
- ukweqisa kwe-insulin;
- imidlalo esindayo;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kotshwala nezinto ze-psychotropic;
- ukuntuleka kokunye kokudla okuyinhloko.
Umtholampilo we-hypoglycemia ukhula ngokushesha ngokwanele. Uma isiguli sinezimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele sazise ilungu lomndeni wakhe noma omunye odlulayo ngalokhu:
- isiyezi ngokuzumayo
- ikhanda elibukhali;
- umjuluko obandayo, onamathelayo;
- ubuthakathaka obungenakuvinjwa;
- mnyama emehlweni;
- ukudideka kokwazi;
- umuzwa onamandla wendlala.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela zijwayela lesi simo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi azihlali njalo zihlola impilo yazo yonke. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukala ngokuhlelekile izinga likashukela wegazi usebenzisa i-glucometer.
Kunconyelwe futhi ukuthi bonke abantu abanesifo sikashukela baphathe okuthile okumnandi nabo, ukuze kumiswe okwesikhashana ukuntuleka kweglucose futhi banganikeli umfutho ekwakhiweni komthambo ophuthumayo obunzima.
I-Hyperglycemia
Isimo sokuxilongwa ngokusho kweziphakamiso zakamuva ze-WHO (World Health Organisation) sibhekwa njengezinga likashukela lifinyelela ku-7.8 mmol / L futhi ngaphezulu esiswini esingenalutho kanye namahora ayi-11 mmol / L 2 ngemuva kokudla.
Inani elikhulu le-glucose esegazini lingaholela ekwakhiweni kwesimo esiphuthumayo - i-hyperglycemic coma. Ukuze uvikele ukukhula kwalesi simo, udinga ukukhumbula izinto ezingakhuphula ushukela wegazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- umthamo oncishisiwe ongafanele we-insulin;
- ukusetshenziswa komuthi ngokunganakekeli uma kungenjalo komunye wemithamo;
- ukudla ukudla kwe-carbohydrate ngamanani amakhulu;
- izimo ezicindezelayo;
- umkhuhlane noma yikuphi ukutheleleka;
- ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kweziphuzo zotshwala.
Ukuqonda lapho udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi, kudingeka wazi izimpawu zokukhula noma i-hyperglycemia esezingeni eliphezulu. Okusemqoka yile:
- umuzwa owengeziwe wokoma;
- ukuchama njalo;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu emathempelini;
- ukukhathala;
- ukunambitheka kwama-apula omuncu emlonyeni;
- ukungaboni kahle
I-Hyperglycemic coma ivame ukuphela ekufeni, kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kubalulekile ukwelapha ngokucophelela ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo?
Indlela engcono yokwelapha ushukela ophuthumayo ukuvikela ukukhula kwabo. Uma ubona izimpawu zokukhuphuka noma ukwehla koshukela wegazi, umzimba wakho awusakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokwayo, futhi wonke amakhono okusindisa asevele ephelelwe amandla. Izinyathelo ezilula zokuvimbela izinkinga zibandakanya okulandelayo:
- Gada ushukela usebenzisa imitha kashukela egazini. Ukuthenga i-glucometer nemichilo edingekayo yokuhlola ngeke kube nzima, kepha kuzokusindisa emiphumeleni engathandeki.
- Thatha izidakamizwa ze-hypoglycemic noma i-insulin njalo. Uma isiguli sinenkumbulo emibi, sisebenza kakhulu noma simane nje singekho emqondweni, udokotela angameluleka ukuthi agcine idayari yakhe uqobo, lapho ezobheka khona amabhokisi aseceleni kokuqokwa. Noma ungafaka isaziso sesikhumbuzo kwifoni.
- Gwema ukweqa ukudla. Emndenini ngamunye, ukudla kwasemini okuhlangana njalo noma ukudla okudliwayo kuba umkhuba omuhle. Uma isiguli siphoqelelwa ukuthi sidle emsebenzini, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela kwangaphambili isitsha ngokudla okwenziwe ngomumo.
- Umsoco omuhle. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kufanele banake kakhulu ukuthi badlani, ikakhulukazi ngokudla okune-carbohydrate.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo. Sikhuluma ngemidlalo, senqaba ukuphuza utshwala obunamandla nezidakamizwa. Kuhlanganisa nokulala okunempilo kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili nokunciphisa izimo ezicindezelayo.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus singadala izinkinga ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo, unyawo lwesifo sikashukela futhi sinciphise ikhwalithi yempilo. Kungakho kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi isiguli ngasinye siqaphe indlela yaso yokuphila, siye izindlela zokuthibela kudokotela waso ohambile futhi ngesikhathi ukuhambisana nazo zonke izincomo zakhe.
