I-Acromegaly yisimo somzimba lapho izingxenye ezithile zomzimba zandiswa khona. Ukugula kuhlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone yokukhula (i-hormone yokukhula). Le nqubo yenzeka ngenxa yezilonda zesisu se-anterior pituitary gland.
Omunye wemithwalo yemfanelo esibucayi ye-acomegaly kungaba yisifo sikashukela, esenza sibhebhethekisa lesi sifo.
Njengomthetho, lesi sifo siziveza kubantu abadala futhi sibonakaliswa ngokwanda okukhulu kwezici ezithile zobuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzophawulwa izimpawu
- ukwanda kwezinyawo nezandla;
- Ubuhlungu obujwayelekile ekhanda;
- izinhlungu emalungeni;
- ukungasebenzi ngocansi nokuzala.
Izinga eliphakeme le-hormone yokukhula liyisizathu sokufa kusenesikhathi kakhulu kweziguli ezivela kwizifo ezahlukahlukene ezihlangene.
I-Acromegaly iqala ukukhula kwayo ngokushesha ngemuva kokumisa ukukhula komzimba. Isibonakaliso sesifo sikhula kancane kancane futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi eside kukhona ushintsho olubonakalayo ekubukekeni kwesiguli. Uma sikhuluma ngohlaka lwesikhathi, khona-ke lesi sifo sitholakala kuphela eminyakeni eyi-7 emva kokuqala kwayo.
I-Acromegaly ithinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Iminyaka ephakathi kweziguli yiminyaka engama-40-60.
Lesi sifo asijwayelekile futhi siyabonakala kubantu abacishe babe ngama-40 kubantu abayizigidi zonke.
Izimbangela zesifo
Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi we-pituitary gland yomuntu. Ebuntwaneni, i-hormone ibhekene nokwakhiwa kwamathambo namathambo emisipha, kanye nokukhula komugqa. Kubantu abadala, usebenzisa ukulawula imetabolism emzimbeni:
- carbohydrate;
- lipid;
- usawoti wamanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula kulawulwa yi-hypothalamus, ekhiqiza ama-neurosecrets akhethekile:
- somatoliberin;
- somatostatin.
Uma sikhuluma ngokujwayelekile, khona-ke ukuqoqwa kwama-hormone okukhula egazini lomuntu amahora angama-24 kuyahluka kakhulu. I-hormone ifinyelela esiphezulu kwayo emahoreni okuqala.
Iziguli ezine-acomegaly zizohlupheka hhayi kuphela ukwanda kwe-hormone yokukhula egazini, kodwa futhi nezinkinga ngesigqi esanele sokukhiqizwa kwazo. Amaseli we-pituitary (i-lobe yakhe yangaphandle) awakwazi ukulalela ithonya le-hypothalamus futhi ukukhula kwawo ngokushesha kwenzeka.
Ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamaseli we-pituitary kuyimbangela ye-benign neoplasm - i-pituitary adenoma, ekhiqiza i-somatotropin ngokushesha okukhulu. Ubukhulu besimila se-glandular bungadlula ivolumu ye-gland uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli ejwayelekile e-pituitary ayacindezelwa futhi abhujiswe.
Cishe isigamu samacala anesimila se-pituitary, kukhiqizwa i- somatotropin kuphela. Kumaphesenti ama-30 eziguli, ukukhiqizwa kwe-prolactin eyengeziwe kwaphawulwa, kanti iziguli ezisele zizohlushwa imfihlo:
- Ukuzithoba;
- i-luteinizing;
- i-thyrotropic;
- ama-follicle avuselela ama-follicle.
Kumaphesenti angama-99 wamacala, i-adenoma yasesimweni esingejwayelekile izoba yimbangela ye-acromegaly. Izimbangela ze-adenoma:
- ama-neoplasms ku-hypothalamus;
- ukulimala ekhanda;
- i-sinusitis (ukuvuvukala kwama-sinuses) ku-Chronicle.
Iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakheni lesi sifo linikezwa ifa ngenxa yokuthi yizihlobo ezivame ukuhlushwa i-acromegaly.
Ezinganeni nasentsheni, ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhula okusheshayo, kuphakama ubugagu. Kubonakala ngokukhuphuka ngokweqile nokulinganayo kwamathambo, izicubu nazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi.
Lapho nje ukukhula komzimba kwengane sekumisiwe kanye nokuqunjelwa kwamathambo kwenzeka, ukwephulwa kokulingana komzimba ngohlobo lwe-acromegaly (ukuqina kwamathambo okungafani, nokwandiswa kwezitho zangaphakathi), kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwezinqubo ze-metabolic, kuqala.
Lapho izimpawu zesifo ziqala ukubonwa, i-hypertrophy ye-parenchyma ne-stroma zezinye izitho zizotholwa ngokushesha:
- amathumbu;
- inhliziyo
- pancreas
- isibindi
- amaphaphu;
- ubala.
Yizinkinga namanyikwe okuyizimbangela zokukhula kwesifo sikashukela ezigulini ezinjalo. Ukukhula kwezicubu ezithintekayo kuba yinto edingekayo ekushintsheni kwe-sclerotic ezithweni ezingenhla, okwandisa izinsongo ezibalulekile ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesimila. Lezi zingaba ama-neoplasms ama-benign noma amabi we-endocrine.
Izigaba zokugula
Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa inkambo yokweyisa nokwenqena. Izimpawu zizokhonjiswa ngokuya ngezinga lenkambo yalesi sifo:
- preacromegaly - izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuthambile. Kulesi sigaba, lesi sifo kunzima kakhulu ukusibona. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngesisekelo izinkomba zokuhlolwa kwegazi kwehomoni yokukhula kanye ne-compact tomography yengqondo;
- isiteji se-hypertrophic - ukuqala kokubonakaliswa okucacile kwezimpawu ze-acomegaly;
- isigaba sesimila - isiguli siqala ukuzwa izimpawu zokucindezelwa ezingxenyeni ezingomakhelwane zobuchopho (ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi ye-intracranial, kanye nezinkinga ezinama-nerve namehlo);
- i-cachexia - umphumela wesifo (ukukhathala).
Izimpawu zesifo
Izimpawu zokuqaqanjelwa kwe-acromegaly ailment zingabangelwa ukugcwala ngokweqile kwe-hormone somatotropin noma ngethonya le-adenoma yesifo esisezinhlinini ze-opic kanye nezinhlaka zobuchopho eziseduze.
Ukweqisa kwe-hormone yokukhula kubangela ushintsho ekubonakaleni kweziguli nasekuhlanganeni kwezimpawu zobuso. Lokhu kungaba ukwanda kwezihlakala, izihlathi eziphansi, amashiya, izindlebe nekhala. Njengoba umhlathi ophansi ukhula, indawocclusion ibonwa ngenxa yegebe eliphakathi kwamazinyo.
Lesi sifo singaphawulwa ngokwanda okukhulu kolimi (macroglossia). I-Hypertrophy yolimi idala ukushintshwa kwezwi. Izinkinga ezibalulekile ngezintambo zezwi kanye ne-larynx zingaqala. Konke lokhu kwenzeka cishe ngaphandle kokugula kumuntu ogulayo.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, i-acromegaly ibonakala ngokuqina kwama phalanges eminwe, ukwanda okukhulu emathanjeni kakhanda, ezinyaweni nasezandleni.
Njengoba le nqubo ikhula, kuba nesidingo sokuthenga izigqoko namagilavu osayizi abaningana abakhulu kunalokho obekudingeka ngaphambili.
Lesi sifo sibangela ukuvela kwesikhumba:
- ukuqina komgogodla;
- ukunwetshwa kwesifuba;
- wandise izikhala phakathi kwezimbambo.
Njengomphumela we-hypertrophy we-cartilage kanye nezicubu ezixhunyiwe, kukhona ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwamalunga, kanye ne-arthralgia. Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, ngokwesibonelo, ukuchama ngokweqile, zingatholakala.
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, lesi sifo sibangela ukujuluka ngokweqile kanye nokukhishwa kwamafutha, okubangelwa ngumsebenzi owandayo wezindlala ezihambisanayo. Isikhumba salezi ziguli sikhuluphele, siqine, futhi futhi singabutha ngamagobolondo ekhanda ngaphansi kwezinwele.
Ku-acromegaly, kwandisa imisipha nezitho zangaphakathi. Iziguli ziqala ukuhlushwa yi:
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukukhathala;
- ukwehla okuqhubekayo kokusebenza.
Ngokuphikisana nalesi sizinda, i-myocardial hypertrophy iba, ilandelwa yi-myocardial dystrophy kanye nokwanda kwenhliziyo okwanda ngokushesha.
Cishe i-1/3 yeziguli izoba nezinkinga nomfutho wegazi. Amaphesenti angama-90 azothuthukisa okuthiwa i- sleep apnea syndrome. Lesi simo se-pathological sihlobene ngokuqondile ne-hypertrophy yezicubu ezithambile zomgudu wokuphefumula, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwesikhungo sokuphefumula.
Kaningi, lesi sifo siphazamisa ukusebenza kocansi okujwayelekile. Engxenyeni yesifazane yeziguli ezinokweqiwa ngokweqile kwe-prolactin kanye nokuntuleka kwe-gonadotropin, ukungasebenzi kahle komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokuzala kuzokhula. I-Galactorrhea iyophawulwa - isimo lapho ubisi lukhishwa emithanjeni yezilwane ezincelisayo lapho kungekabikho ukukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa.
Cishe amaphesenti angama-30 amadoda ayobe anciphise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba ezinje ziyizizathu ezizoqalwa yisifo sikashukela. Lokhu kugula kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokuqothuka okuphezulu kwe-antidiuretic hormone.
Ngokukhula kwe-neoplasm ku-pituitary gland kanye nokucindezelwa kokuphela kwezinzwa, izimpawu ezinjalo zizovela futhi:
- umbono ophindwe kabili
- Isiyezi
- ukulahleka noma ukulahleka kokuzwa okuyingxenye
- ukushuba kwemikhawulo ephezulu nangaphansi;
- izinhlungu ebunzini nasebusweni;
- i-photophobia;
- ukuvama njalo.
Abantu abane-acromegaly basengozini eyengeziwe yokuqhakambisa i-neoplasms egazini le-yegilo, isibeletho, kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho ukwelashwa.
Yini engaba yizinkinga?
Inkambo yesifo, i-acomegaly imvamisa ihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela cishe kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba. Imvamisa, lokhu kungaba yizifo ezifana nalezi:
- i-arterial hypertension;
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo;
- i-hypertrophy yenhliziyo;
- myocardial dystrophy.
Cishe i-1/3 yamacala, thayipha i-1 isifo sikashukela noma nohlobo lwesibili lwesifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela, i-pulmonary emphysema ne-dystrophy yesibindi ingaqala. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, khona-ke nge-hyperproduction yezinto zokukhula, ama-neoplasms avela ezithweni ezahlukahlukene. Ama-tumors angaba ama-benign noma amabi.
Yini edingekayo ukuthola i-acomegaly?
Njengoba sekushiwo, ezigabeni zokuqala zalesi sifo zingabonakala kuphela ngengozi. Uma i-acromegaly ibilokhu ikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5, khona-ke kulezi zigaba sekwephuzile kungasolwa ngokumelene nesizinda sokwanda kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, futhi kususelwa kuzimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla.
Uma usola i-acromegaly, kufanele ufune izeluleko zikadokotela we-endocrinologist. Uncoma ukulethwa kokuhlolwa okufanelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kungafakwa muntu kulokhu okusolwayo.
Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zelebhu zokuthola lesi sifo ezinye zezingxenye zegazi:
- IRF I (insulin-like ukukhula factor);
- i-hormone yokukhula (yenziwa ekuseni ngokushesha ngemuva kohlolo lokuhlushwa kweglue).
Ukwelashwa
Nge-zacomegaly, ukwelashwa kuzohloswe ngakho ukufeza ukuxolelwa kwalesi sifo ngokuqeda ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone yokukhula futhi kuholele emazingeni ajwayelekile okuhlushwa kwe-IRF I.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo emithini yesimanje, futhi ikakhulukazi kwi-endocrinology, kungasuselwa ku:
- umuthi;
- imisebe;
- ukuhlinzwa;
- izindlela ezihlangene.
Ukulungisa ukubala kwegazi, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izifaniso ze-somatostatin, ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sifo, ukwelashwa okusekelwe kuma-hormone ocansi, ama-dopamine agonists ayadingeka.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha izobhekwa njengehlinzwa. Inikezela ngokulahlwa kwe-neoplasms ezansi kweseyili ngethambo le-sphenoid.
Uma i-adenoma incane, khona-ke emaphesenti angamaphesenti angama-85, ukwelashwa kuzoletha ukujwayelekile nokuxolelwa.
Ngosayizi abalulekile be-tumor, amandla ahle ngemuva kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa kokuqala azoba ngamaphesenti angama-30 wamacala. Akwagwetshwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa nokufa
Yini ukubikezela?
Uma kungekho ukwelashwa kwe-acomegaly, isiguli sizokhutshazwa. Ngisho nasikhathi sokukhubazeka esisebenza kahle futhi esemzimbeni, kunengozi enkulu yokufa kwesiguli kungazelelwe. Akuvamile ukuthi abantu abanjalo baphile kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60. Njengomthetho, ukufa kuzodalwa yizinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Umphumela wokusebenza kwe-adenomas encane uzophumelela kakhudlwana. Izinga lokuphindelela ezimweni ezinjalo lizoba eliphansi kakhulu kunalokho lapho ususa isimila esikhulu.
Ungakugwema kanjani?
Ukuvimbela okuhle kwe-acromegaly kuzoba ukuhlanzeka okuphelele kwe-foci yezifo ku-nasopharynx nokwelashwa kwabo, kanye nokugwema ukulimala kwekhanda. Ukutholwa kwesifo kusenesikhathi futhi kulethe ama-hormone okukhula ezingeni elijwayelekile kuzokwenza ukuthi kuvikeleke izinkinga eziningi futhi kubangele ukuxolelwa isikhathi eside.
