I-Prevenar 13 ilungiselelo eliqukethe ama-polysaccharides e-pathogenic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isebenzisa i-pneumococcal conjugates, ukugoma kwabantu okwenziwa njalo kwenziwa ukuvikela ukulimala kwenqubo yokutheleleka nokuvuvukala ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Umuthi uyadingeka ekwenzeni ama-antibodies ezimeni ze-immunosuppression.
Igama Lezwe elingafanele
Cha.
I-Prevenar 13 ilungiselelo eliqukethe ama-polysaccharides e-pathogenic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae.
I-ATX
J07AL02.
Khipha amafomu nokwakheka
Umuthi wenziwa ngesimo sokumiswa kokufakwa ungqimba lomsipha. Iyunithi eli-1 lomkhiqizo okwelapha onesilinganiso esingu-0.5 ml uqukethe izihlanganisi ze-pneumococcal zama-serotypes alandelayo njengezinto ezisebenzayo:
- 1;
- 2;
- 3;
- 4;
- 6 A, B;
- 7F;
- I-9V;
- 14;
- 19 A, F;
- 23F.
Umuthi wenziwa ngesimo sokumiswa kokufakwa ungqimba lomsipha.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka nohlobo lwe-oligosaccharide uhlobo lwe-18C kanye ne-diphtheria carriers ye-CRM-197. Kamuva, ama-pneumococcal polysaccharides akha ubunzima. Izithako ezingeziwe zifaka i-aluminium phosphate ne-sodium chloride. Ngokungabonakali, ukumiswa kuyisisindo esimhlophe esimhlophe.
Uyaphila noma cha
Umuthi wokugoma awuphili. Ekuthuthukisweni kwayo, izingqinamba ezibuthakathaka noma ezifile ze-pathogenic microorganisms zazingasetshenziswa.
Isenzo se-Pharmacological
Ngokufakwa komjovo emzimbeni, ukukhiqizwa okunamandla kwama-antibodies kuma-polysaccharides ahlanganisiwe we-pathogenic uhlobo lwe-Streptococcus pneumoniae kuqala. Ama-antibodies akuvumela ukuthi wakhe impendulo efanelekile yokuzivikela komzimba futhi usebenze amasosha omzimba esikhathini esihlongozwayo sokwanda kwezifo. Ukugoma kukuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele umzimba ukuze wehlulwe yizo zonke izingqinamba ze-pneumococcal polysaccharide.
Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-lymphocyte, ama-polysaccharides angamagciwane agqekeza emikhiqizweni ye-metabolic.
I-Pharmacokinetics
Lapho ama-polysaccharides esiteji se-Streptococcus pneumoniae engena egazini elivela emithanjeni, abasizi be-T bayabonakala, abaqala ukukhipha ama-cytokines ukuvula ama-T-ababulali, ama-B-lymphocyte nama-monocytes. Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-lymphocyte, ama-polysaccharides angamagciwane agqekeza emikhiqizweni ye-metabolic. Lezi zokugcina azikwazi ukwenza ucwaningo, ngoba ziyafana nezinto ezenziwe emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, amapharamitha we-pharmacokinetic wama-metabolites awakwazi ukunqunywa.
Kugonywa ini?
Ukugoma kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nalezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- ngesikhathi esinqunyelwe ngokwekhalenda likazwelonke lokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal ukutheleleka okungavikeleki (ukuqina kwendlebe okuphakathi, inyumoniya etholakala emphakathini) kanye nokuhlasela (i-bacterial meningitis, ukutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal egazini, i-sepsis, i-pneumonia enzima);
- njengendlela yokuvimbela abantu abanezimiso ze-immunosuppress abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi iziguli ezine-pathgenital pathologies ye-immune system, iziguli ezinesifo se-HIV kanye nabantu abathola ukwelashwa kwe-immunosuppression. Ukuzivikela komzimba okuphansi kungakhula kungqubuzana nesizinda se:
- izifo ezingamahlalakhona zesistimu yokuphefumula neyenhliziyo;
- ukuba khona kokufakelwa okuhlanganisiwe;
- ukwelashwa komdlavuza;
- isifuba somoya;
- izilonda ze-tubillcle bacillus;
- ubudala
- imikhuba emibi.
Ukugoma kuyadingeka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nabantu ngamaqembu anesixuku esikhulu sabantu.
Contraindication
Ukugoma kuphambene neziguli ezinokuzwelwa kwethisipha kuya kumaphrotheni e-diphtheria carriers, izingxenye ezisizayo zePrevenar 13. Kunqatshelwe ngokuqinile ukugoma abantu abaye bathuthukisa ukusabela kwe-anaphylactoid kwithamo langaphambilini.
Ukujova kokumiswa akunconywa ezimweni ezingatheni zokutheleleka, izifo ezingamahlalakhona esigabeni esibuhlungu noma ukulimala kwegciwane. Ukugonywa kwenziwa lapho umuntu eselulile.
Gonywa nini futhi yini
Imijovo ye-Intramuscular of Prevenar 13 iyadingeka ukukhipha impendulo yokuzivikela njengesixwayiso salezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- i-bronchitis;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala ohlelweni oluphezulu lokuphefumula: i-sinusitis, ukuvuvukala kwezono, i-tonsillitis eyingozi;
- i-meningitis
- abezindaba ze-otitis;
- i-bacterial pneumonia.
Umuthi usiza ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwezifo ze-catarrhal zesimo esithathelwanayo. Ikakhulu izingane ezigula kakhulu ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala nabantu abanokuzivikela komzimba okuphansi. Ukugoma kwenziwa njengoba kuhleliwe.
Kukangaki
Isibalo semijovo sincike eminyakeni yesiguli. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukugonywa kuqalwa ezinganeni kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyi-6. Umuthi uphathwa ngezigaba ezi-4 ngokuya ngohlelo olusunguliwe nesikhathi sokugoma:
- Imijovo emi-3 yokuqala ilethwa kanye nesikhathi sokuphathwa kwezinsuku ezingama-30.
- Izikhathi ezi-4 zokugonywa lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-15 ubudala.
Uma ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuqalile esikhathini sokuqala kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-11, imigomo yokuqala engu-2 iphathwa ngokuphumula kwenyanga eyi-1. Umjovo wokugcina ufakwa eminyakeni emi-2. Kulokhu, ukugoma kwenziwa ngezigaba ezi-3 kuphela.
Uma ukwethulwa kokugoma kwenziwa eminyakeni eyi-1 noma emi-2 yokuphila, khona-ke faka imijovo emi-2 yokuphumula phakathi kokulimala kwezinyanga ezi-2.
Uma ukwethulwa kokugoma kwenziwa eminyakeni eyi-1 noma emi-2 yokuphila, khona-ke faka imijovo emi-2 yokuphumula phakathi kokulimala kwezinyanga ezi-2. Iziguli zabantu abadala ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala I-Prevenar ilawulwa kanye.
Kubekezelelwa kanjani
Ukwenza kusebenze kwempendulo yokuzivikela komzimba kungahle kuhambisane nemfiva nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile. Uma izinga lokushisa selidlule emngceleni ngo-+ 38 ° C futhi kunekhala elinamafutha, udinga usizo lodokotela.
Kungenzeka yini ukuhamba ngemuva kokugoma
Kungakapheli nenyanga ngemuva kokuphatha umuthi, kunconywa ukugwema ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ngoba ubungozi bokutheleleka kusuka ekuxhumaneni nabathwali bokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal kuyanda. Lapho uvakashela esikhungweni sezokwelapha, gqoka imaski. Ngenkathi ebusika, ukuphuma endlini akukanconywa. Ungahamba kuphela esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Ngemuva kokugoma, i-kindergarten inqatshelwe izinsuku ezingama-30.
Kungenzeka yini ngesifo sikashukela
Ngokuguquguquka okungalingani kwezinguquko ekugxiliseni ushukela wegazi, amasosha omzimba angancipha, ngakho-ke iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kufanele zigonywe. IPneumococcal polysaccharides ngeke iphazamise izinga le-glucose egazini.
Kungakapheli nenyanga ngemuva kokuphatha umuthi, kunconywa ukugwema ukuhamba ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ngoba ubungozi bokutheleleka kusuka ekuxhumaneni nabathwali bokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal kuyanda.
Indlela yokusebenzisa
Ukufakwa kufakwa ezindaweni ezinobubanzi obukhulu bemisipha yamathambo: isicubu esidonsayo (iziguli ezindala kuneminyaka emi-2), ingaphandle lethanga (kufika eminyakeni emi-3). Ukuphathwa kwe-intramuscularly 0.5 ml yesidakamizwa ngendlela eyodwa.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, isipichi nesidakamizwa kumele sithuthumuzeke ukuthola ukumiswa okungahambi kahle. Umuthi awukwazi ukusetshenziswa uma kukhona izidumbu zakwamanye amazwe ngendlela yezidakamizwa noma lapho umbala ushintsha.
Kwenqatshelwe ukwethula umuthi emikhunjini noma ku-gluteus maximus.
Iziguli ngemuva kokudluliselwa kwe-hemocytoblasts zidinga inkambo yokugonywa kusuka emijekweni engu-4 yesidakamizwa ku-dosage eyodwa. Umjovo wokuqala wenziwa kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha emva kokufakelwa. Imijovo emi-2 elandelayo isetshenziswa ngokuphumula kwenyanga. Umuthi wokugcina ukhishwa ngemuva kokugoma abathathu ngokuhamba kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ingane ezalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele igonywe amahlandla amane. Umjovo wokuqala unikezwa ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngemuva kokuzalwa, imijovo emi-2 eyalandela yenziwa ngokuphumula kwenyanga eyi-1. Umthamo 4 uphathwa ezinyangeni eziyi-12-16.
Imiphumela emibi
Esizeni somjovo, ukuthuthukiswa kokudumba kungenzeka, isikhumba siqina ngokuqinile bese siphenduka sibomvu. Ebuntwaneni, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyenyuka.
Amapheshana wesisu
Imiphumela emibi ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla ibonakala ngendlela yesifo sohudo, yokuhlanza, kanye nokwehla kwesifiso sokudla. Ezimweni ezihlukile, kunengozi ye-hyperbilirubinemia, i-jaundice, nokulimala kwesibindi.
Ebuntwaneni, ngemuva kokusebenzisa umuthi, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyenyuka.
Izitho zeHematopoietic
Ezimweni ezingavamile, kukhona ukwanda kwama-lymph node, ukwanda kwezinga lama-leukocytes nama-T-lymphocyte.
Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi
Ezinganeni, iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila ingahlakulela isimo esinolaka. Ingane iyakhala, iba nomunyu. Imvamisa abantu bathola ikhanda, obangela ukujabha kohlelo lwezinzwa, lulandelwe ukungahambi kahle nokuphazamiseka kokulala. Kukhona ubungozi bokulimala kwemisipha.
Kusuka ohlelweni lokuphefumula
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuphazamiseka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, i-dyspnea ne-bronchospasm ingahle ikhule. Ezinganeni, ukukhwehlela kungaqala, ukuqubuka kwamakhala kungavela.
Kusuka ohlelweni lwezitho zofuzo
Ngokuqondene nokubambezeleka kokuchama nokuphazamiseka kubhalansi kasawoti wamanzi, i-edema eba ngokwayo ingakhula.
Kusuka ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo
Ezimweni ezingavamile, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liyenyuka.
Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sokuphazamiseka kwamasosha omzimba, i-dyspnea ingaqhamuka ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa.
Allergies
Lapho kukhona i-hypersensitivity, ukungahambi kahle komzimba kungakhula, kuboniswe ngesimo sokuqubuka, ukulunywa kanye nokubomvu kwesikhumba. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuvela kwe-Quincke edema kungenzeka.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
Kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokugonywa, isiguli kufanele sibe ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngokuqinile kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngosizo olusheshayo uma kwenzeka kuvela ukuvela kwe-anaphylactoid.
Kufanele kuqashelwe lapho kunikezwe ukumiswa kweziguli ezinezinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi kanye ne-thrombocytopenia.
Ukuhambisana notshwala
Ezinsukwini ezi-2 ngaphambi kokugoma nangemva kwamahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuphathwa umuthi, amalungiselelo okuqukethe utshwala ne-ethanol akufanele athathwe. I-ethyl alcohol idala ukwenza buthakathaka kwamasosha omzimba futhi ivimbela i-hematopoiesis yamathambo, engathinta kabi ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies.
Ezinsukwini ezi-2 ngaphambi kokugoma nangemva kwamahora angama-48 ngemuva kokuphathwa umuthi, amalungiselelo okuqukethe utshwala ne-ethanol akufanele athathwe.
Umthelela ekhonweni lokulawula izindlela
Ukugoma akukuthinti ngokuqondile ukusebenza kohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi nolwezinye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngokwenzeka kwemiphumela emibi ngendlela yokulimala kwekhanda nokuqaqanjelwa. Ngenxa yobungozi obukhona, kufanele kuqashelwe lapho ushayela imoto, ulawula izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi uhlanganyela kweminye imisebenzi edinga ukushesha okukhulu komzimba nangokwengqondo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuqunjelwa
Ucwaningo lwangaphambi kokutholwe ngomuthi kubantu besifazane abakhulelwe alwenziwe, ngakho-ke, ukugonywa akunconywa kuleli qembu leziguli. Ukwethulwa kwePrevenar 13 kungenziwa kuphela esimweni esibucayi se-immunosuppression ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha ngemvume yesiguli.
Ngesikhathi sokugoma, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukuncelisa ibele futhi udlulisele ingane ekudleni ngefomula yezingane.
Ukugonywa kwezingane ngePrevenar 13
Ezinganeni, i-hyperthermia iyabonakala. UDkt Komarovsky unqume ukuthi ngokujwayelekile kumaphesenti angama-40 wamacala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, izinga lokushisa lenyuka lize lize + 37 ... + 38 ° C, ku-37% - ngaphezulu kwe-39 ° C. Kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokuphathwa, ingane kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokuqokwa ngudokotela.
Ebudaleni
Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 yobudala banikezwa imijovo yokugoma, izifo ezithathelwanayo zomgudu wokuphefumula, kanye namathuba we-sepsis.
Isicelo sokusebenza kokulimala kwezinso
Isifo sezinso asithinti imingcele ye-pharmacokinetic kanye nenhlala-kahle ngemuva kokugonywa.
Isifo sezinso asithinti imingcele ye-pharmacokinetic kanye nenhlala-kahle ngemuva kokugonywa.
Sebenzisa umsebenzi wesibindi okhubazekile
Ama-polneacocides ama-pneumococcal akaqhubeki noshintsho esitokisini se-hepatic, ngakho-ke, ngokunqotshwa kwesibindi, ukuphathwa komuthi kuvunyelwe.
Ukweqisa
Akukaze kube namacala okweqa ngokweqile ngokulawulwa okukodwa komthamo ophakeme. Ukugoma kwenziwa kuphela ezimeni ezihleliwe ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Esimweni sethamo elingalungile, kungenzeka ngokomqondo ukuthi ukwandisa noma ukwandisa amathuba emiphumela emibi.
Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa
Umuthi lo ungasetjenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa neminye imigomo engaphili futhi ephilayo, efakiwe kukhalenda likazwelonke lokugonywa. Kulokhu, umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcus awunakuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokulawulwa kwabazali esitsheni esisodwa.
Iziguli ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 zivunyelwe ukuphatha umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane ngezinsimbi zentsholongwane ezingasebenzi.
Kuyadingeka ukulawula isimo se-heestasis ekwelapheni okuhambisanayo nama-anticoagulants.
Ngokunakekela
Ukuhlanganiswa kwePrevenar 13 nokugomela i-adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqapha isimo sengane. Uma uzizwa ungasasebenzi, bonisana nodokotela. Ngenhlanganisela yokugoma eminingana, kuyadingeka ukubeka imijovo ezindaweni ezihlukile zomzimba ukuze wehlise ingozi yokuxutshwa kwemithi emzimbeni.
Kuyadingeka ukulawula isimo se-heestasis ekwelapheni okuhambisanayo nama-anticoagulants.
Inhlanganisela ayinconywa
Umuthi akufanele uphathwe ngokuhambisana nomuthi wokugomela i-BCG wokulwa nesifo sofuba. Umuthi wokugoma obukhoma ungaphambanisa umphumela noma unciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies ngokumelene nokutheleleka kwe-pneumococcal.
Ama-Analog
Ungagomela umuthi wokugoma ngama-ejenti alandelayo:
- Pneumo 23;
- Pentaxim;
- ISinflorix.
Izimo zeholide Prevenara 13 kusuka emakhemisi
Umuthi wokugoma awuthengiswa ezindaweni zokwelapha ezigulini ezisebenza ngokweqile.
Ngingakwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle kadokotela
Ukwethulwa kokumiswa kwenziwa kuphela ezimeni zokuma ngokuqondene nobungozi obukhona bokwethuka kwe-anaphylactic noma okunye ukusabela okungalungile. Ukuthenga kunqunyelwe ngokuqinile.
Intengo
Izindleko ezimaphakathi zomuthi ama-ruble ayi-1877.
Izimo zokugcina u-Prevenara 13
Musa ukufriza umuthi. Ukumiswa kugcinwa kumazinga okushisa we- + 2 ... + 8 ° C endaweni esehlukaniswe ukukhanya kwelanga.
Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Izinyanga ezingama-36.
Umkhiqizi
I-Wyeth Pharmaceutical Division, e-USA.
Ukwethulwa kokumiswa kwenziwa kuphela ezimeni zokuma ngokuqondene nobungozi obukhona bokwethuka kwe-anaphylactic noma okunye ukusabela okungalungile.
Ukubuyekezwa kwePrevenar 13
URadislav Rusakov, oneminyaka engama-38, uLipetsk
Indodana yayivame ukuvezwa yimfuluwenza, ehambisana nokuhlaselwa i-asthma. Udokotela unikeze umgomo wokugoma wePrevenar 13. Akukho lutho olwenziwayo olubi, kepha ngemuva kwesonto izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku-37 ° C. Ubambe izinsuku ezintathu futhi wadlula yedwa. Kulokhu, ingane yazizwa imnandi. Into esemqoka ukuthi umuthi wokugoma usizile. Isifuba somoya namakhaza asange kusabhekwa. Isimo sengane kungakapheli amasonto ama-2 sithuthukile, isifiso sokudla savela, ukungatheleleki kwaqina. Umphumela wenkumbulo yokuzivikela omzimba yinde, ngoba ukugonywa kabusha kudingekile kuphela emva kweminyaka engu-5.
UZinaida Molchanova, oneminyaka engama-30, uYaroslavl
Umntwana wayevame ukugula, ngakho-ke baya kudokotela. Uchwepheshe unqume ukwethulwa komjovo wePrevenar 13. Ngemuva komjovo, izinga lokushisa kanye ne-flatulence lakhuphuka. Esizeni somjovo ukulunywa kakhulu. Kepha ngenkathi ebandayo, ingane ayigulanga nakanye. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalo kadokotela ngemuva kokuphatha futhi unganikeli izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic.
