Isifo sikashukela yisifo esidala esingapheli. Ukuphazamiseka emgodweni we-carbohydrate metabolites, okulandelwa ukuguqukela ekubonisweni kwesifo sikashukela, kungaqhamuka kuphela kubantu abadala.
Iziguli ezisencane nazo zitholakala emiphumeleni yokugula ushukela.
Njengoba iningi lezingane ligula zisencane, ngenkathi lingakabi nesikhathi sokuthuthukisa amakhono okukhuluma, ubukhona besifo sikashukela enganeni buvele butholakala lapho sekwedlule isikhathi, lapho luqala ukuqaqamba. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka isiguli ngokushesha.
Ukwenza ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli encane futhi ibe yinde, kubalulekile ukuba abazali bazi okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesifo sikashukela sabantwana.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifo sikashukela ezinganeni nasentsheni
Kwisifo sikashukela sabantwana, kanye nakubantu abadala, kusetshenziswa ukwahlukanisa okujwayelekile, okusho ukuthi lesi sifo sehlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-2: uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 sikashukela.
Ukuncika kwe-Insulin (1 uhlobo)
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luvame kakhulu ezigulini ezingane. Kutholakala kuzo zombili izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nentsha.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 sibonisa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin ngokuphelele, ngenxa yalokho isiguli siphoqelelwa ukuba sisebenzise imijovo ye-insulin njalo ukuvimbela ukwenzeka kwe-hyperglycemia.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kuvame kakhulu ukuba yi-autoimmune. Kubonakaliswa ukuthambekela kokuthuthukisa i-ketoacidosis, ukubhujiswa kwama-β-cell, ukuba khona kwe-autoantibodies. Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo lokugula lukhula ngenxa yokuba khona kwesiphetho selifa lesiguli esigulini esihambisanayo.
I-non-insulin ezimele (izinhlobo ezi-2)
Lolu hlobo lwesifo luqabukela kakhulu ezigulini ezingane. Esikhathini esiningi, lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela luthinta abantu asebefinyelele umkhawulo weminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-40.
Ngokuvamile kuboniswa ngokwanda kwesisindo somzimba kanye nokubekezelela ushukela okhubazekile.
I-insulin kulesi sifo isetshenziswa kuphela ngenhloso yokumisa i-hyperglycemia ne-coma.
I-Etiology ne-pathogenesis yesifo sikashukela sengane
Njengoba ochwepheshe bephawulile, ezimweni eziningi isizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ezinganeni siyinto yefa.
Ingozi ihlala yilezo zingane ezinezihlobo zazo ezinesifo sikashukela noma ezinezinkinga ngenqubo yokuthathwa koshukela.
Imvamisa, lesi sifo sikhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokufinyelela unyaka ongu-1, lapho ukukhula okuthe xaxa nokukhula kwengane kuqhubeka. Njengoba izingane ezikule minyaka zingakwazi ukukhuluma futhi zichaze imizwa yazo ngokunembile, azikwazi ukwazisa abazali bazo ngokugula kwazo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sifo sivame ukutholwa ezinganeni ngokulandelana okungahleliwe, lapho ingane iwela esimweni sokukhetha noma i-coma ngenxa yezinkomba ezinkulu ze-hyperglycemia. Isifo sikashukela, esiqala ukukhula ebusheni, sivame ukutholwa ngenkathi kuhlolwa umzimba.
Izimbangela zeCongenital DM
Isifo sikashukela se-Congenital siyindlela eyinqayizivele, kepha eyingozi yesifo enganeni. Kususelwa kwinqubo ye-autoimmune, lapho umzimba uqala ukuhlasela amaseli we-pancreatic, ngenxa yalokho labo bokugcina balahlekelwa yikhono labo lokukhiqiza i-insulin.
Isifo sikashukela se-Congenital sibhekwa njenge-pathology, ukubukeka kwako kubangela ukungalungiseki kwe-intrauterine yamanyikwe.
Izimo eziningi zingaholela ekukhulisweni kwalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela:
- ukukhula okungaphansi noma ukungabikho ngokuphelele emzimbeni wengane yamanyikwe;
- umama okhulelwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa i-antitumor noma izidakamizwa ze-antiviral. Izakhi zomuthi onjalo zinomthelela olonakalisayo ezicutshini ezivele kancibilikisi, ngenxa yalokho ukwenziwa kwe-insulin ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane kuba yinto engenakwenzeka;
- ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isifo sikashukela singakhula ngenxa yokuqina kokuqina kwezitho zomzimba kanye nama-β-cell.
Isici sofuzo nokuchayeka kobuthi esibelethweni nakho kungadala ukukhula kwesifo sikashukela esizalwa nosana.
Izici zenkathi yesifo sikashukela sentsha ezitholakala ebuntwaneni nasebusheni
Njengomthetho, izimpawu zesifo sikashukela ezinganeni, ezincane nezintsha, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Imvamisa lesi sifo siziveza emavikini ambalwa.
Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela enganeni:
- ukoma okungapheli;
- ukwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe ngokudla okujwayelekile;
- ukunxenxa njalo ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese;
- indlala enkulu;
- ukungaboni kahle okubukhali;
- ukukhathala;
- isikhumba esikhanyayo;
- i-candidiasis zangasese;
- iphunga le-acetone elisuka emlonyeni;
- ezinye izimpawu.
Uma uqaphele okungenani eyodwa yezimpawu ezingenhla enganeni yakho, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela.
Izindlela Zokuxilonga
Ochwepheshe banezindlela eziningi zokunquma ngokunembile ukuba khona kwesifo sikashukela enganeni.
Njengomthetho, ekuxilongeni usebenzisa imiphumela yezinqubo zokuxilonga ezifana:- ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile koshukela;
- ukulayisha ukuhlaziywa kwe-glucose;
- ukubheka umchamo kokuqukethwe ushukela nokuthola amandla adonsela kuyo;
- ukuhlolwa kwama-antibodies kuya kumaseli we-beta.
Kungenzeka ukulawula izinga le-glycemia ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer.
Kulesi simo, izilinganiso zenziwa ngesisu esingenalutho, kanye namahora ama-2 ngemuva kokudla.
Imigomo yokwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lokuqala nolwesibili olusetshenziswe ezinganeni
Isihluthulelo senhlala-kahle yengane siyisinxephezelo ngokuphelele nokulawulwa okungapheli kwe-glycemia. Noma enalesi sifo, ngokuya ngezinyathelo ezithathwe ngesikhathi, ingane ingazizwa ivamile.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela kwenziwa ngokuphelele, kusetshenziswa izinqubo eziningi ezifaka isandla ekwehliseni nasekuvumiseni amazinga kashukela egazini.
Uhlu lwezindlela zokwelapha luhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo.
- ukudla. Ukukhishwa ekudleni kwengane kokudla okwenqatshelwe kanye nokufinyeleleka kwemali esele ekudleni kuyisihluthulelo sezinga leshukela elijwayelekile nelizinzile;
- ukusebenza komzimba;
- ukwelashwa kwe-insulin;
- ukuqapha njalo kwe-glycemia ekhaya usebenzisa i-glucometer;
- ukusekelwa kwengqondo kwengane ngamalungu omndeni.
Izindlela zokupheka zemithi ezihlukile nazo zingaba ukwengeza okuhle ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha nangokomzimba.
Ngabe isifo singanqotshwa esemncane?
Ngeshwa, ingane egulayo ayikwazi ukukhululwa ngokuphelele ku-pathology ekhona. Kepha-ke kungathathwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa okugcwele futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinkinga. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka uhole indlela ethile yokuphila futhi ubheke njalo impilo yesifo sikashukela.
Izinkinga Zokuvimbela Isifo Sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela yisifo esikhohlisayo, ngoba sibangela izinkinga eziningi ezigulini. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, i-glycemia akufanele ivunyelwe ukwanda.Kuyadingeka ukubheka njalo ukugcwala koshukela egazini futhi uthathe izinyathelo ngokushesha uma kukhuphuka.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukuvimbela okuhle kwe-hyperglycemia, futhi ngenxa yalokho ubunzima obukhona, kungukuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo, ukudla, umuthi osheshayo kanye nokubheka njalo amazinga kashukela wegazi hhayi ekhaya kuphela, kodwa futhi usebenzisa izindlela zocwaningo lwelabhoratri.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
UDkt Komarovsky ngesifo sikashukela ezinganeni:
Isifo sikashukela akusona isigwebo. Futhi uma ingane yakho itholakele nalokhu, ungalahli ithemba. Manje uzodinga ukuhola impilo entsha nenempilo ezozuzisa hhayi ingane egulayo kuphela, kodwa nawo wonke amalungu omndeni wakho.
