I-Gentamicin Sulfate iyinhlangano elwa namagciwane ebanzi eye yazibonakalisa futhi esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinjengomuthi:
- i-gynecology;
- isikhumba;
- i-ophthalmology;
- i-nephrology;
- urology;
- i-pulmonology;
- i-otolaryngology;
- izingane.
Igama Lezwe elingafanele
Igama elingelona ilungelo lokuphathelene nalo muthi yiGentamicin (ngesiLatin - Gentamycin noma Gentamycinum).
I-Gentamicin Sulfate iyi-antibiotic ebanzi ebanzi.
I-ATX
I-Gentamicin ngendlela yesisombululo somjovo inikezwa ikhodi ye-anatomical-therapeutic-chemical (ATX) J01GB03. Le ncwadi J isho ukuthi umuthi ulawula ukubulala amagciwane futhi ulwa ne-antibacterial futhi usetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuhleliwe, izinhlamvu G no-B zisho ukuthi kungokwesigaba se-aminoglycosides.
Ikhodi ye-ATX yamaconsi wamehlo yi-S01AA11. Incwadi u-S isho ukuthi umuthi usetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezitho zomzwelo, kanti nezinhlamvu u-AA zibonisa ukuthi le Umuthi olwa namagciwane wenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphezulu futhi uthinta umetabolism.
Ikhodi ye-ATX yeGentamicin esesimweni sokugcotshwa ngamafutha yi-D06AX07. Incwadi u-D isho ukuthi umuthi wenzelwa ukuthi usetshenziswe ezindlini zesikhumba, kanye nezinhlamvu u-AX - ukuthi umuthi olwa namagciwane.
Khipha amafomu nokwakheka
IGentamicin inezinhlobo ezingama-4 zokukhishwa:
- ikhambi lomjovo;
- kwehla iso;
- amafutha;
- i-aerosol.
Isithako esikhulu esisebenzayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezi-4 yi-glamicin sulfate. Ukwakheka kwesixazululo somjovo kufaka izinto ezisizayo ezinjengalezi:
- sodium metabisulfite;
- usawoti we-disodium;
- amanzi ngomjovo.
Umuthi ukhishwa kuma-ampoules ayi-2 ml, ahlanganiswe kuma-5c. emaphepheni ama blister. Iphakethe liqukethe amaphakethe ama-1 noma ama-2 (ama-ampoule ama-5 noma ayi-10) nemiyalo esetshenzisiwe.
Izici ezisizayo zamaconsi wamehlo yilezi:
- usawoti we-disodium;
- i-sodium chloride;
- amanzi ngomjovo.
Isixazululo sifakwe ku-1 ml kumashubhu okudonsa (1 ml iqukethe u-3 mg wento esebenzayo). Iphakheji e-1 ingaqukatha amashubhu angu-1 noma amabili.
Okwemukelwa uwoyela ngamafutha kaphalafini:
- okuqinile;
- uketshezi;
- ithambile;
- mhlophe.
Umuthi uthengiswa kumashubhu ka-15 mg.
I-Gentamicin ngesimo se-aerosol njengengxenye esekelwayo ine-foam ye-aerosol futhi ifakwe ku-140 g emabhodleleni akhethekile we-aerosol afakwe isifutho.
Isenzo se-Pharmacological
IGentamicin iyi-bactericidal antibiotic esetshenziswa kabanzi ukwelapha (isikhumba) nezifo zangaphakathi. Umuthi ubulala ama-microorganisms, abhubhisa umsebenzi wawo wesithintelo. Umuthi uyasebenza ngokulwa namagciwane anjenge:
- staphylococci;
- I-streptococci (ezinye izingqimba);
- UShigella
- ISalmonella
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- i-enterobacter;
- Klebsiella;
- proteina.
Umuthi awusebenzi:
- i-treponema (i-ejenti ebabayo ye-syphilis);
- kwi-neiseria (ukutheleleka nge-meningococcal);
- kuma-bacteria we-anaerobic;
- kwamagciwane, isikhunta ne-protozoa.
I-Pharmacokinetics
Umphumela onamandla kakhulu emzimbeni unikezwa ngemijovo yokulawulwa kwe-intravenous and intramuscular. Ngomjovo we-intramuscular, i-peak plasma concentration iqoshwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30-60. Umuthi unqunywa egazini amahora angu-12. Ngaphezu kwe-plasma yegazi, i-Gentamicin ingena ngokushesha futhi ichazwe kahle ezicutshini zamaphaphu, izinso nesibindi, i-placenta, kanye naku-sputum noketshezi olufana nalokhu:
- ukuvumelanisa;
- pleural;
- okuzenzakalelayo.
Ukugxila okuphansi kakhulu kwesidakamizwa kutholakala ku-bile kanye ne-cerebrospinal fluid.
Umuthi awukhiqizwanga umzimba: ngaphezu kwe-90% yezidakamizwa ikhishwa yizinso. Izinga le-excretion lincike eminyakeni yobudala besiguli kanye ne-creatinine clearance rate. Ezigulini ezindala ezininso yezinso ezinempilo, impilo yengxenye yesidakamizwa ingamahora angama-2-3, ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyi-1 kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha - amahora angama-3-3,5, kuze kufike isonto eli-1 - amahora angama-5.5, uma ingane inesisindo esingaphezu kwama-2 kg , kanye namahora angaphezu kwama-8, uma isisindo sawo singaphansi kwama-2 kg.
I-Half-life ingasheshiswa nge:
- i-anemia
- izinga lokushisa eliphakeme;
- ukushiswa okukhulu.
Ngesifo sezinso, impilo yengxenye yeGentamicin yandiswa futhi ukuqedwa kwayo kungaqedelwa, okuzoholela ekuqongeleleni umuthi emzimbeni kanye nokuvela komphumela okweqile.
Isetshenziselwa ini?
Umuthi ubekelwe izifo ezithathelwanayo nezivuvukelayo:
- Ipheshana lase-Urinary Njengo:
- i-pyelonephritis;
- urethritis;
- cystitis
- i-prostatitis.
- Ipheshana lokuphefumula eliphansi. Njengo:
- pleurisy;
- inyumoniya
- i-bronchitis;
- empyema;
- ithumba lamaphaphu.
- Umgogodla wesisu. Njengo:
- i-peritonitis;
- cholangitis;
- cholecystitis eyingozi.
- Amathambo kanye nokuhlangana.
- Inani lesikhumba. Njengo:
- izilonda ze-trophic;
- ukusha;
- i-furunculosis;
- i-seborrheic dermatitis;
- induna
- i-paronychia;
- i-pyoderma;
- i-folliculitis.
- Iso. Njengo:
- i-conjunctivitis;
- i-blepharitis;
- i-keratitis.
- Uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, kufaka phakathi i-meningitis kanye ne-vermiculitis.
IGentamicin nayo isetshenziselwa i-sepsis ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kanye ne-bacterius septicemia.
Contraindication
Umuthi awunqunyelwe uma isiguli:
- ayizibekezeleli izinto ezilwa namagciwane eqembu le-antiglycoside noma ezinye izinto ezakha umuthi;
- uhlushwa i-neuritis ye-auditory nerve;
- ogulayo nge-azotemia, i-uremia;
- inekulimazeka kwe-renal noma i-hepatic;
- usesimweni sokukhulelwa;
- Umama ongumhlengikazi;
- ngigula i-myasthenia;
- unesifo sikaParkinson;
- inezifo ze-vestibular apparatus (isiyezi, i-tinnitus);
- Ngaphansi kweminyaka emithathu.
Ngokunakekela
Umuthi uthathwa ngokuqapha ngokweqile, uma umlando unesibonakaliso sokuthambekela kokungahambi kahle komzimba, kanye nokuthi ogulayo uyagula:
- i-botulism;
- hypocalcemia;
- ukomisa.
Ungayithatha kanjani i-mosaamicin sulfate?
Ezigulini ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14 ubudala ezinezifo zomgudu wokuchama, umthamo wokwelapha u-0,4 mg futhi uphathwa amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku ngosuku intramuscularly, nezifo ezinzima ezithathelanayo kanye ne-sepsis, umuthi uphathwa izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngosuku, u-0.8-1 mg. Umthamo ophakeme kakhulu akufanele udlule i-5 mg ngosuku. Isikhathi sokwelashwa siyizinsuku eziyi-7-10. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-2-3, i-Gentamicin iphathwa ngaphakathi, bese isiguli sidluliselwa emjovo we-intramuscular.
Ezokuphatha ukungena ngaphakathi, kusetshenziswa kuphela isisombululo esenziwe ngomumo kuma-ampoules; kumjovo we-intramuscular, umuthi ulungiswa ngaphambi kokuphathwa, uqeda i-powder ngamanzi wokujova.
I-Gentamicin ingathathwa njenge-inhalation ukwelapha izifo zokuphefumula.
Ukuvuvukala okungamafutha okukhishwa yisikhumba, izicucu zezinwele, i-furunculosis nezinye izifo zesikhumba esomile ziphathwa ngamafutha. Okokuqala, izindawo ezithintekile ziphathwa ngesixazululo seFuracilin ukususa ukungcola okukhishwa kanye nezinhlayiya ezifile, bese kusetshenziswa ungqimba oluncane lwamafutha izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10 (amabhandishi angasetshenziswa). Umthamo wansuku zonke wamafutha omuntu omdala akufanele udlule ku-200 mg.
I-Aerosol isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zesikhumba esikhala, kepha icebo lokusebenzisa lifana nelamafutha. I-Aerosol kufanele ifafazwe ibanga elingaba ngu-10 cm ukusuka ebusweni besikhumba.
Izifo zamehlo ziphathwa ngamaconsi, zizifaka kwi-conjunctival sac izikhathi ezi-3 ngosuku.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uphuze umuthi onesifo sikashukela?
Isifo sikashukela akuyona inkambiso yokwelashwa ne-Gentamicin.
Imiphumela Emibi ye-Gentamicin Sulfate
Imiphumela emibi ngenxa yokuthatha i-Gentamicin ayivelakancane futhi ingenzeka ngesimo se:
- ukozela, isiyezi, ikhanda;
- ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla, ukuswela okwandayo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuncipha kwesisindo;
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukusontana, ukugoba, ukubekezela, i-paresthesia;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemishini esetshenziswayo;
- ukulahleka kokuzwa;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokuchama (i-oliguria, i-micromaturia, i-proteinuria);
- i-urticaria, umkhuhlane, ukulunywa, ukuqhuma kwesikhumba;
- izinkomba eziphansi ze-leukocytes, amaplatelet, i-potassium, i-magnesium ne-calcium egazini;
- ukuhlolwa kokuphakama kwesibindi.
Akuvamile kakhulu:
- ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo we-intramuscular;
- i-phlebitis noma i-thrombophlebitis emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwe-intravenous;
- i-necrosis ye-tubular;
- ukuthuthukiswa kweqiniso;
- ukwethuka kwe-anaphylactic.
Imiyalo ekhethekile
- Ngesikhathi sokulashwa nge-Gentamicin, kuyadingeka ukuqapha imisebenzi yezinso, izinsizakalo ze-vestibular nezokuzwa.
- Kuyadingeka ukubheka njalo izinga le-potassium, i-magnesium ne-calcium egazini.
- Ezigulini ezihluleka ngokwezinso, kuyadingeka ukulawula i-creatinine clearance control.
- Isiguli esinesifo esibuhlungu noma esingalapheki sohlelo lokuchama (esigabeni sokukhuphuka) kufanele sisebenzise uketshezi oluningi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-Gentamicin.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe utshwala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-Gentamicin kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele.
- Ngoba umuthi ubangela ukwehla kokuxineka, isiyezi, ukuncipha okubonakalayo, kubalulekile ukuyeka izimoto zokushayela isikhathi sokulashwa.
Sebenzisa ebudaleni
I-Gentamicin kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha ezigulini esezikhulile. Umuthi unomphumela ocindezelayo endaweni yokusebenza kwamazinyo okusebenza okunezixhobo zokufunda nokusebenza, okusebenza kwezinso, nasebekhulile, lezi zinhlelo, ngenxa yezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala, ezimweni eziningi sezivele zisebenza nokuphazamiseka. Uma kwenziwa isinqumo sokunquma umuthi, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa futhi isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuqedwa kwawo, isiguli kufanele siqaphele ukucaciswa kwe-creatinine futhi sibhekwe yi-otolaryngologist.
Ukunquma i-Gentamicin Sulfate ezinganeni
Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala, ukuphathwa komzimba ngemithi kunqunywa kuphela ezimweni zesidingo esibalulekile. Umthamo owodwa ubalwa ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala nesisindo sengane: ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 kuye kwengu-14- 3 mg / kg, ukusuka kumuntu 1 kuye ku-6 - 1.5 mg / kg, ngaphansi konyaka owodwa - 1.5-2 mg / kg. Umthamo ophezulu nsuku zonke wazo zonke iziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 akufanele udlule ku-5 mg / kg. Umuthi lo uphathwa kaninginingi ngosuku ngosuku lwezinsuku ezingama-7-10.
Ukwelapha izifo zasekhaya noma zeso nge-aerosol, i-ointment, noma amaconsi eso akubi yingozi futhi kungabhekelwa kwiziguli ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14. Izinhlobo zokwelapha ziyefana nakwabantu abadala. Umthamo wansuku zonke wamafutha akufanele udlule ku-60 mg.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokukhishwa komzimba
Umuthi udlula kalula kwi-placenta futhi ungene obisini lwebele, ngakho-ke, ukungena kwama-antibiotic akuvunyelwe kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa ibele. Uma usuvele emzimbeni wengane, umuthi ubangela ukwephulwa kwamapheshana emathunjini futhi ungadala izimpawu zokuthi u-ototoxicity. Okuhlukile isimo lapho izinzuzo ezingaba khona kumama zedlula ukulimala enganeni.
Ukweqisa kwe-Gentamicin Sulfate
Umphumela we-overdose ungabangelwa imijovo ye-hamamicin kuphela. Amafutha, ukwehla kwamehlo ne-aerosol akunikezi umphumela ofanayo. Izimpawu zokweqisa zifaka:
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- ukozela nekhanda;
- ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa;
- umkhuhlane
- isithulu esingenakuguqulwa;
- ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi ye-vestibular Apparatus;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokuchama komchamo;
- I-edema kaQuincke (kuyaqabukela).
Uhlobo lokwelashwa lubandakanya ukuhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa ngokushesha kanye nokugeza kwegazi nge-hemodialysis noma i-dialysis.
Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa
Ukungahambisani ngokuphelele ne-glamicin yile:
- Amphotericin;
- IHeparin;
- ama-beta-lactam ama-antibiotic.
I-Gentamicin ehlanganiswe ne-ethaconic acid ne-furosemide ingakhulisa umphumela omubi ezinso nasezinsizeni zokuzwa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuboshwa kokuphefumula kanye nokuvinjiswa kwemisipha kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kanyekanye kweGentamicin ngezidakamizwa ezifana:
- I-Decamethonium;
- Tubocurarine;
- I-Succinylcholine.
Akunconywa ukuhlanganisa iGentamicin nale mithi elandelayo:
- Viomycin;
- IVancomycin;
- ITobramycin;
- I-Streptomycin;
- Paromomycin;
- I-Amikacin;
- I-Kanamycin;
- Cephaloridin.
Ama-Analog
Ama-analoggs ekhambi lomjovo yile:
- UGentamicin Sandoz (ePoland, eSlovenia);
- IGentamicin-K (Slovenia);
- I-Gentamicin-Health (i-Ukraine).
Izimpawu zemithi ngendlela yamaconsi wamehlo yile:
- IGentadeks (Belarus);
- I-Dexon (India);
- I-Dexamethason (iRussia, iSlovenia, iFinland, iRomania, i-Ukraine).
Ama-Analogs we-Gentamicin ointment yile:
- I-Candiderm (India);
- IGaramycin (Belgium);
- UCelestroderm (IBelgium, iRussia).
Imibandela yekhefu lekhemisi
Ngokusho kwemiyalo, i-Gentamicin (wonke amafomu ama-4), njenganoma iyiphi enye i-antibiotic, kufanele isatshalaliswe kumakhemisi kuphela ngomuthi odingekayo.
Ngingakwazi ukuthenga ngaphandle kadokotela?
Noma yiziphi izindlela ezi-4 zokukhishwa kwezidakamizwa ezingathengwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kokuthola umuthi.
Intengo ye-Gentamicin Sulfate
IGentamicin ingeyolesigaba semithi engabizi. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zama-ampoules ayi-10 emakhemisi aseMoscow angama-ruble angama-50., Izithako ne-aerosol - ama-ruble angama-85-100., Ama-eye eye - ama-ruble angama-35. Ezitolo eziku-inthanethi, izindleko zezidakamizwa ngama-ruble ayi-5. kancane.
Izimo zokugcina zomuthi
Izidakamizwa kufanele zigcinwe zingatholakali ezinganeni. Izinga lokugcina lesisombululo somjovo namaconsi eso kufanele abe ngu- + 15 ... + 25 ° С, nge-aerosol namafutha - + 8 ... + 15 ° С.
Izidakamizwa kufanele zigcinwe zingatholakali ezinganeni.
Isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Impilo yeshalofu yamaconsi wamehlo yiminyaka emi-3, i-aerosol namafutha - iminyaka emi-2, isisombululo somjovo - unyaka owodwa. Amaconsi wamehlo ngemuva kokuvula ibhodlela alifanele isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyi-1.
Umkhiqizi
I-Gentamicin ngesimo somjovo ukhiqiza:
- IRussia
- Belarus
- ETurkmenistan
- I-Uzbekistan
IGentamicin ngesimo samafutha okugcoba naweso ikhiqizwa eBelarus, ngesimo se-aerosol - Bulgaria.
Ukubuyekezwa ku-Gentamicin Sulfate
UMaria, oneminyaka engama-25, uVoronezh: "Emasontweni ambalwa edlule, kukhona into eye yawela esweni. Iso lavutha amalangabi ngosuku, kwavuvukala (kwavalwa cishe) kwaqhamuka nobuhlungu obungenakubekezelwa. Udokotela weluleka uGentamicin ngamadonsi. Ngadonsa ngemiyalo izikhathi ezine ngosuku. zonke ezinye izinsuku, futhi ngolwesithathu - ezinye izimpawu zadlula, kodwa ngadonsa zonke izinsuku eziyi-7. "
UVladimir, oneminyaka engama-40, uKursk: "Ngishise ingalo yami kabi emsebenzini. Kusihlwa kwaqhuma iqhuma, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva isilonda saqala ukugcwala futhi kwaba buhlungu kakhulu. Bangiyala ukuthi ngiphathe i-Gentamicin aerosol ekhemisi futhi ngiyiphathe ngokwemiyalo, ngiyimboze ngebhandeji kusuka phezulu. Umphumela muhle kakhulu - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2. isilonda saphela ukwanda futhi saqala ukululama. "
U-Andrei, oneminyaka engama-38, eMoscow: "Ngonyaka ophelile ngathola inyumoniya. Angizange ngiqale ukwelashwa ngaso leso sikhathi, ngakho-ke lapho ngifika esibhedlela lesi sifo sasihlushwa umkhuhlane omkhulu nokukhwehlela okukhulu. Ngokushesha uGentamicin wanikezwa umjovo. Bangena injekishini izikhathi ezine ngosuku. Ngemuva kwesonto kwaba nokuthuthuka okukhulu . Ngemuva kwenyanga ngadedelwa. "