I-METABOLABOLISM NOMA IMETABOLISM - ISIFO SIKASHUKELA

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Nsuku zonke, wonke umuntu wenza izinto eziningi. Uyacabanga futhi akhulume, aqhubeke futhi aqine. Lezi yizenzo zokuzithandela. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinqubo eziningi zenzeka ngaphakathi kumuntu ngamunye. Zilawulwa ubuchopho, uhlelo lwezinzwa, ama-hormone.
Phakathi kwabo umzimba (umzimba).

Kuyini imetabolism?

Imizimba yethu ihlala ithola izakhamzimba. Konke okuwusizo umzimba wethu okudingayo kuyabanjwa. Konke okungadingekile kubonisiwe. Isibonelo esilula se-metabolism ukuphefumula.

Uma udonsa umoya, umoya uzongena emaphashini. Inesakhi esibalulekile - umoya-mpilo. Kuzothengwa, okungukuthi, kuzongena egazini lethu. Bese siyakhipha. Futhi-ke umoya uphuma emaphashini, kepha usuvele awunamsebenzi, ukhathele.

Uma kunomoya-mpilo omncane emoyeni, inhlala-kahle yethu iba yimbi ngokushesha. Uma kuningi - umuntu uzoba njengesidakwa. Ngaphandle kwekhono lokuphefumula, noma ngubani kithi uzophila, mhlawumbe ngaphansi komzuzu.

Kwenzekani ekudleni?

Isibonelo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu semetabolism ukudla kokudla. Ukuze ukwazi ngempela, ukujula okugcwele, uqonde umongo wawo, udinga ukuba nolwazi oluningi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene: i-chemistry, umuthi, i-physics.

Ngefomu elilula, imetabolism ibukeka kanjena:

ukudla namanzi kungena esiswini;
ubuchopho buchaza ukusebenza kwezakhi zomzimba;
ama-hormone ahlukahlukene angena egazini, ama-enzyme ahlelwe;
izakhi zomzimba ziyaqhekeka: ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi ahlukanisa abe alula;
zonke izinto nezinto ezihlanganayo ezidingekayo emzimbeni zihlakazeka ngamanzi, zingena egazini futhi zithwalwa izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo;
zonke izinto zokudla "ezingeziwe" ekugcineni zigcina ziwumchamo nezindunduma futhi ziyadedelwa.

Umuntu uthola konke okudingekayo: izakhamzimba, amandla, amandla, amandla okuphila. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izigaba ze-metabolic, ngokuhlukile, zithatha amandla.

Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokudla okuningi nokunempilo, abaningi bethu bayabona ukuthi kuba nzima ukucabanga ngokuthile. Isizathu silula: wonke amandla omzimba "ahamba" ukugaya ukudla. Uma kuningi kwako, khona-ke amandla amaningi ayadingeka. Kungaleso sizathu izazi zokudla zikukhuthaza ngokweqile ukudla ngokweqile. Ngokudla okufanele nokufanele, amandla asetshenziswa kuma-metabolism abizwa ngokushesha ngokufakwa kwezakhi zokudla ezizuzisayo.

Ukuqhekeka nokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi kubandakanya izitho eziningi eziningi zangaphakathi nezinhlelo:

umgudu wokugaya ukudla;
isibindi;
izinso
pancreas;
ipheshana lomchamo;
izicubu.

Inani le-Metabolic

I-Metabolism iyaphela - ubukhona bethu buyaphela. I-metabolism yomuntu ibonwa njengejwayelekile uma izinqubo ze-cleavage, synthesis, assimilation kanye nokususwa kwezinto zenzeka ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokwehluleka.

Kepha umzimba womuntu kwesinye isikhathi usebenza ngamaphutha. Isibonelo, umuntu akakwazi ukuphuza ubisi. Ngani? Ngoba akukhiqizwa i-enzyme okufanele ichithe iprotheni yobisi. Lokhu kunzima ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Kwezinye izimo ezingezinhle, ukumuncwa kwamafutha noma ama-carbohydrate kungasebenzi kahle emzimbeni.

Izinhlobo zemetabolism

Kunezakhi eziningi zamakhemikhali ekudleni kwethu. Lawa ama-carbohydrate, amafutha kanye namaprotheni kanye nama-acid, amavithamini nokunye okuningi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kuhlukile futhi akufani.

Amaprotheni Ukushintshana

Amaprotheni aqukethe ama-amino acid. Lokhu kungokwakha futhi kungenye yemithombo yamandla emizimba yethu. Ama-amino acid aqhamuka ekudleni emzimbeni aguqulwa abe ngamaphrotheni ethu. Bayingxenye:

igazi
ama-hormone;
ama-enzyme;
amaseli omzimba.

Iqoqo lama-amino acid ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokudla lihlukile. Kungakho izazi zezempilo zikhuluma ngamaprotheni ezitshalweni, obisini noma ezilwaneni. Okuphelele kunamaprotheni enyama, enhlanzi, amaqanda nobisi. Ama-amino acid angaphelele ahluke kumaprotheni ommbila namanye amabele. Kungakho ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kuthathwa njengokukhetha okuphumelela kakhulu kokudla lapho umuntu edla ukudla, imifino nezilwane.

I-Lipid (fat) metabolism

Kungani umzimba udinga amafutha? Leyo engaphansi kwesikhumba sethu ayivumeli ukuthi iqhwa. Abantu abaningi abanciphile abanesendlalelo esincanyana samafutha angaphansi bayaphoqelelwa ukugqoka ikakhulukazi ngokufudumele emakhazeni. Ungqimba lwamafutha ezungeze izinso ngasinye luvikela lezi zitho kusuka ekulimaleni.

I-metabolism efanelekile yamafutha - isisindo esijwayelekile nokungatheleleki ngokuphelele. Futhi, amafutha wokudla aqukethe amavithamini athile abalulekile - ngokwesibonelo, A, D, E.

Uma umuntu engadlanga isikhathi eside, umzimba usebenzisa izinsalela zamafutha. Futhi-ke uzama ukubaphindisela. Yingakho kunganconywa ukwenqaba ibhulakufesi. Kulokhu, umzimba uqala usebenzise izinqolobane zamafutha, bese kuthi usuku lonke lufune futhi lufune ukudla - ukwenza lokho kulahleka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, umuntu uzokhula aqine - umzimba “owesabayo” uzoqwabelana namafutha amaningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukudeda ekudleni okunamafutha ngeke kusize. Amafutha amaningi ahlanganiswa ngumzimba wethu kusuka kuma-carbohydrate. Kungakho abathengi abangenakuqhathaniswa bengagcini nje ngamafutha, kodwa futhi namabhawuni bavame ukukhuluphala.

I-carbohydrate metabolism

Lezi zinto zimbalwa enyameni, kepha zanele kwimifino nezithelo, isinkwa nezinhlamvu. Kumayelana nezakhamzimba. Lo mthombo oyinhloko wamandla womuntu. Ama-carbohydrate nawo ayabandakanyeka ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana amasha. Isibonelo se-carbohydrate emsulwa ushukela. Akukenzeki ukuthi isipuni noma isipuni salo mkhiqizo sinconywe ukuba abasubathi bakhiphe ngokushesha ukukhathala kwemisipha.

Ekuqhekekeni kwama-carbohydrate adliwayo, kukhishwa ushukela. Ngegazi, idonswa amangqamuzana omzimba. Kubalulekile ukuthi ushukela wegazi uhlale uvama njalo. Izinga layo lisuka ku-3.3 (esiswini esingenalutho) liye ku-7.8 (ngemuva kokudla) mmol / l (le yunithi engaqondakali yesilinganiso ifundwa njengemililitha ilitha ngalinye).

Ukwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazi kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla kuze kufike ekulahlekelweni yimizwa. Ukwanda okungapheli kwalelo zinga kusho ukumuncwa okungafanele kwama-carbohydrate, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Kulokhu, inani elikhulu likashukela liyakhishwa kumchamo. Kunesifo sikashukela.

Isifo se-metabolism sikashukela

Lesi sifo saziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-3.5 futhi sichazwa ngabaseGibhithe lasendulo. Eminyakeni eminingi, izibonakaliso zayo kuphela ezazaziwa - lokhu ukukhululwa komchamo omkhulu onambitha ubumnandi. Ngendlela: odokotela basendulo babengenawo ama-laboratories futhi baqondiswa idatha yezinzwa zabo. Kungani kwenzeka isifo sikashukela, okwenzeka emzimbeni, sahlala siyimfihlakalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukwelashwa kwavela kungasebenzi, ngakho-ke isikhathi eside isifo sikashukela sithathwe njengesibulalayo.

Kamuva, abantu bathola umnyombo wenkinga. Ukuze wephule ama-carbohydrate, ama-pancreas abantu akhiqiza i-insulin. Imvamisa, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo, kepha kuthuthukiswa kakhulu emva kokudla. Futhi-ke izinga likashukela wegazi lihlala lingaphansi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala kutholakale nokuntuleka kwe-insulin egazini. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kunezakhi ezimbili ezibalulekile: lokhu kungumjovo we-insulin (bafunda ukuthi bangakuthola kanjani cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule) futhi kunciphisa inani lokudla eliqukethe ama-carbohydrate.
Kuzokwenzekani uma ungaqali ukwelashwa? Izinqubo eziningi zethulwa emzimbeni, kanti ezinye zazo ziyingozi. Isibonelo, imizimba eminingi okuthiwa yi-ketone yakha isibindi. Abantu abaphilile nabo banabo, kepha ngamanani amancane. Imizimba yeKetone iphazamisa ukuhamba okujwayelekile kweglucose egazini. Lapho-ke isiguli singase siphele amandla.

Kuyenzeka Uhlobo 2 sikashukela. Ngemuva kwalokho i-insulin yesiguli iyakhiqizwa (kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangokweqile), kepha "ayisebenzi." Ngefomu lesifo elithambile, ukudla okukhethekile kwesinye isikhathi kwanele. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwesifo sikashukela lungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo eziningi kanye / noma izitho zangaphakathi ezizimele.

Qeda imetabolism - Lesi yisisekelo sempilo yethu ngamunye, nanganoma ikuphi ubudala. Akungozi ukuthi impande yezifo eziningi ngokuqinisekile ingukudla okungalungile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwelashwa kwenani elikhulu lezifo kubandakanya ukudla.

Noma yimuphi umuntu, imetabolism efanelekile ingempilo, inempilo nokuphila isikhathi eside.

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