Ukuxilongwa okuyiqiniso kwezifo eziningana, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuhlukahlukene kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi lesiguli.
Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezifweni zohlelo lwe-endocrine ne-systemic pathologies.
Ukwenza kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sikashukela, iyiphi idatha etholwa uchwepheshe kumasampula, futhi imiphumela iyithinta kanjani inhloso yokwelashwa?
Yini ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo sikashukela?
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okunqunyelwa oshukela okusobala ukuhlolwa kwe-glucose.
Kungenziwa ngegazi eliphelele, futhi kuleli cala kwanele ukwenza ukubhoboza ngomunwe futhi uthathe igazi elincane le-capillary. Kungenxa yale ndlela ukuthi ama-glucometer aphathekayo abakhiqizi abaningi basebenze.
Uhlobo lwesibili lokuhlolwa kwe-glucose luvivinyo lwe-plasma. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa isampula yegazi ene-venous. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kubhekwa njengokuthembekile ngokwedlulele, futhi kufanele kunqunywe uma kusolwa kakhulu isifo sikashukela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa futhi isivivinyo sokubekezelela ushukela. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola isithombe sokuqongelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali kwama-carbohydrate esimweni esiguqukayo. Kulokhu, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezi-5. Esokuqala sithathwa esiswini esingenalutho, ngemuva kwalokho isiguli sisebenzisa ikhambi eliqukethe u-75 mg we-glucose omsulwa kanye no-300 ml wamanzi.
Ungadlula kanjani?
Ukuzilungiselela okufanele kokuhlaziywa kuyisimo esidingekayo sokunemba kwabo. Endabeni yokuhlolwa kwe-glucose, lesi sitatimende singaphezu kweqiniso.
Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kunikezwa esiswini esingenalutho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isidlo sokugcina kufanele sidlule okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ungafaki amanoni amaningi noma, ikakhulukazi, ukudla okumnandi okune-glucose kwimenyu yokudlela kusihlwa - izinkomba zokuhlaziya zingahlanekezelwa. Kufanele futhi wenqabe ukuphuza utshwala.
Ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa, akufanele uphuze amanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi uhlambe amazinyo akho - izinto eziqukethwe kunamathisela zingathinta umphumela. Akufanele futhi usebenzise izinsini zokuhlafuna kanye ne-freshener yomlomo - zingaqukatha ushukela noma i-ethyl alcohol.
Imisebenzi yomzimba esebenzayo, imithambo yokuzivocavoca, ukugijimela akuvunyelwe. Ukuzikhandla, okubonakala sengathi kujwayelekile futhi kusesilinganisweni, kungakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-glucose kusampula.
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isivivinyo, izandla zigezwa kahle ngensipho bese zomile. Akuvunyelwe ukunikela ngegazi uma izandla ziqandisiwe - kumele kuqala zifudumale.
Izinkomba Zokucwaninga ze-Hlyogated Hemoglobin
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuqukethwe okuphathelene ne-hemoglobin ye-glycated kuyadingeka, ngoba kukuvumela ukuthi uthole isilinganiso esoshukela ku-plasma yegazi izinyanga ezintathu.
Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kuqinisekisa ukunemba kokutholwa ezimweni zesifo sikashukela esisolwayo.
Usebenzisa i-HbA1C, kunqunywa ukuthi ingakanani i-hemoglobin ejikeleza ngevolumu ethile yegazi ebopha i-glucose. Ukusebenza kwayo akuxhomekile ezintweni eziningi ezithinta okunye ukuhlolwa kweglucose.
Izimpawu ezingezansi ezitholwe ngenxa yalokhu kuhlola, mancane amathuba okuvela kwesifo sikashukela. Izindinganiso zokuhlola ziyefana kubantu abadala nakubantwana babo bobabili ubulili nanoma yiliphi iqembu leminyaka.
Imiphi imininingwane ekhuluma ngayo:
- ngaphansi kuka-5.7% - i-carbohydrate metabolism ejwayelekile;
- sisuka ku-5.7 saya ku-6.0 - ingozi eyandayo yokuthola lesi sifo;
- 1-6.4 - isifo sikashukela;
- ngaphezu kwe-6.5 - ukutholakala kwesifo sikashukela kuqinisekisiwe.
Ukuthola imiphumela yocwaningo lwe-plasma ku-C-peptide
I-insulin akuyona i-hormone ezinze kakhulu ebandakanyeka enqubweni ye-glycolysis.Isikhathi eside egazini i-C-peptide iyagcinwa, okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwama-proinsulin kumaseli e-B.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwayo kusetshenziselwa ukuthola izimbangela eziholela ekulimazeni i-carbohydrate metabolism. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuvivinya kusivumela ukuba sahlukanise isifo sikashukela, sibikezele inkambo yaso, futhi sikhethe ukwelashwa okuyikho.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-C-peptide kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwawo, izinga lokuxolelwa kanye nesimo samaseli e-b-pancreas. Ngokuhlaziywa, inani elidingakalayo legazi lokuzila nge-venous likhethiwe. Lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa kwi-seramu yegazi lesiguli.
Izimo zento ziyafana kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Okujwayelekile kufanele kube kuhla kusuka ku-0,26 kuya ku-0,63 mmol wento kulitha legazi. Ngabe ukuphambuka kusuka kokujwayelekile kubonisani?
Uma okuqukethwe kwe-C-peptide kukhuphukile, lokhu kukhombisa i-insulinoma, uhlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela ngokumelene nesizinda sokweqisa kwemithi esinqunyelwe ukulungiswa kwayo, noma i-hypertrophy yamaseli e-B.
Ukwehluleka kwangempela kanye nokukhuluphala nakho kuholela ekunyukeni kwe-C-peptide.
Amanani ancishisiwe akhombisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nokunxephezela okunganele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala okungamahlalakhona kuholela ekunciphiseni kweB-peptide.
Yiziphi izinkomba okufanele zibe ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile nangokuphilayo?
Ukubala okugcwele kwegazi akwembuli ushukela ngokuthembela okwanelisayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngokuphambuka kwezivivinyo, uchwepheshe angasola i-pathology futhi anikeze ezinye izivivinyo ezingezekile. Kanye nezinkomba ezinjengokuthi inani le-hemoglobin, i-hematocrit, okuqukethwe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ama-platelet, kanye nama-leukocytes, umthamo wawo omaphakathi kanye nenkomba yemibala, ipharamitha ye-ESR ibaluleke kakhulu.
I-ESR iyinkomba yesilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation kusampula yegazi. Imikhuba yakhona iyahluka kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kanye nasemaqenjini yobudala obuhlukile.
Ngokusekelwa kulokhu kuhlaziya, singaphetha ngokutholakala kwanoma yikuphi ukuvuvukala noma enye inqubo ye-pathological, kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela mellitus. Ngakho-ke, emadodeni amadala, isibalo singama-2-15 mm ngehora.
Kwabesifazane, isibalo siphakeme futhi sifinyelela ku-20 mm / h. Ngemuva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, isilinganiso sedimentation siyakhuphuka, ngakho-ke, okweqile kwe-10 mm / h akubhekwa njenge-pathology.
Uma ngabe ipharamitha lenyuka kakhulu, futhi azikho izizathu zokuphila kwalokhu okutholakele, ukuthuthukiswa kwanoma iyiphi i-pathology kungenzeka.
Ngaphezu kwezifo noshukela, kungaba umdlavuza, i-alkalosis, amanzi ngokweqile egazini, kanye nobuthi kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
Ukuhlolwa kweSerum Ferritin
UFerritin yisidalwa esijwayelekile esihilela ukuthuthwa kwensimbi emzimbeni womuntu. Ukushoda kwaso kuholela ku-anemia.
I-serum ferritin eyeqile ibonisa insimbi eningi kakhulu. Lesi simo siyingozi ngoba ukugcwala okukhulu kwensimbi kwenza izicubu zivikeleke nge-insulin.
Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu angathola isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwezinga le-serum ferritin kungenye yezindlela zokuthola isici sobungozi esiholela kulesi sifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-serum ferritin ephakanyisiwe ingaba ubufakazi bokuthi i-neoplasm ebabayo kumanyikwe, kanye ne-neuroblastomas ne-lymphomas.
Yini ebonwa ekutadisheni kwe-albhamuin kuseramu yegazi?
I-Serum albhamuin nayo inqunywa ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical amasampula egazi. Bakha isisekelo samaprotheni egazi futhi bahambisa izinto ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.
Okuqukethwe kwe-albhamuin ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-14 amagremu angama-38-54, kwabasebasha - amagremu angama-32-45, nakubantu abadala - amagremu angama-35-52 ilitha ngalinye legazi.
Ukwanda kwenani laso kukhombisa ukuthuthuka komzimba. Kepha ukwehla kwamanani kungakhombisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezifo, ngokuyinhloko izifo zesibindi, lapho leli protein lihlanganiswa khona.
Umdlavuza, ukusha, i-sepsis, izifo zezinso namanyikwe nakho kungaba imbangela yalesi simo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthola uhlobo 1 noma 2 lukashukela esigulini ngocwaningo lwe-plasma?
Phezu kokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ubukhona besifo sikashukela bungabonakala ngocwaningo lwe-plasma, lokhu kuhlaziya akwanele ukuhlukanisa lesi sifo.Ukunquma uhlobo locwaningo oluyinkimbinkimbi luyenziwa, kufaka phakathi ukuzimisela kobukhona bama-autoantibodies kuma-antigen amaseli we-beta womzimba, ukuhlolwa kokuxineka kwemizimba ye-ketone ezifundweni zegazi nezezifundo zofuzo.
Ngokwesisekelo sedatha yazo zonke lezi zifundo, uhlobo lwesifo lunqunywa, futhi kunikezwe ukwelashwa okulingene kwezidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukumelana komzimba noma imijovo ye-insulin.
Ingabe ushukela omningi uhlala ukhombisa ushukela?
Kwesinye isikhathi amazinga aphezulu kashukela akayona imiphumela yesifo sikashukela.
Ukugcwala kwale nto kukhuphuka ngenxa yokudla okungenakulinganiswa kanye nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, lapho kungekho ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, futhi ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwengcindezi nengcindezi enkulu yengqondo.
Kwabesifazane, ushukela ungakhuphuka ngaphambi 'kwezinsuku ezibucayi', ngesikhathi sokuxunjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokuhlushwa ushukela kungahle kube ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezifo zesibindi.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Mayelana nokufundwa kweshukela egazini sikashukela kuvidiyo:
Kunoma ikuphi, kungemva kokuhlolwa okuphelele kuphela lapho singakhuluma khona ngokuthuthuka kwesifo sikashukela noma esinye isifo. Ngakho-ke, okubaluleke kakhulu ukulondolozwa kwezempilo ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi, okuqeqeshiwe futhi okuphelele kwezokwelapha.
