I-INSULIN EMFUSHANE - IYINI? - IZINDLELA NEZINDLELA ZOKWELASHWA

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I-insulin esebenza ngokubambisana yisitha esinciphisa ushukela elawula umzimba we-carbohydrate metabolism.

Ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka phakathi isixazululo esimsulwa sama-hormone, esingaqukethe noma yiziphi izithasiselo ezandisa umthelela wazo emzimbeni. Iqembu labasebenza ngokufakelwa okufushane lisebenza ngokushesha kunabanye, kepha ubude bokusebenza kwabo bufushane.

Umuthi we-intramuscular uyatholakala ezimpondweni zeglasi ezivalelwe, zivalwe ngezithinteli nge-aluminium processing.

Umphumela we-insulin emfushane emzimbeni uhambisana:

ukucindezela noma ukukhuthaza ama-enzyme athile;
kusebenze kokuhlanganiswa kwe-glycogen ne-hexokinase;
ukucindezelwa kwe-lipase activating fatty acids.

Izinga lokukhuphuka kanye ne-biosynthesis kuya ngesibalo se-glucose esegazini. Ngokwenyuka kwezinga layo, izinqubo zokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin emanyikweni ziyanda futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwehla kokuxineka, ukugcinwa kokubeletha kwehlisa.

Ukuhlukaniswa Okufushane kwe-Insulin

Ngokusho kwezici zesikhathi se-insulin esebenza ngokubambezelayo yile:

Okufushane (okuncibilikayo, okulawula) ukufakwa - Sebenzisa ngemuva kokuphatha ngemuva kwengxenye yehora, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe imizuzu engama-40-50 ngaphambi kokudla. Iqoqo eliphakeme lezinto ezisebenzayo ekusakazweni kwegazi lifinyelelwa ngemuva kwamahora ama-2, kuthi ngemuva kwamahora ayi-6 kuphela umuthi womuthi uhlale emzimbeni. Ukufakwa okufushane kufaka phakathi i-soluble yomuntu eyakhelwe izakhi zofuzo, ingulube engumbala womuntu ne-monocomponent encibilikisiwe.
I-Ultrashort (yomuntu, i-analog) ifaka insulin - uqale ukuthinta umzimba ngemuva kokuphathwa ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-15. Umsebenzi we-Peak uphinde utholwe ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Ukuqedwa ngokuphelele emzimbeni kwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ama-4. Ngenxa yokuthi i-insulin ye-ultrashort inomphumela omningi ngokwengeziwe womzimba, amalungiselelo lapho atholakala khona asetshenziswa imizuzu emi-5 kuya kwezikhathi ngaphambi kokudla noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla. Lolu hlobo lwesidakamizwa lubandakanya ama-aspart insulin kanye nama-analog enzakalo zokwenziwa kwe-insulin yomuntu.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-insulin ye-ultrafast ifana nokuphendula okungokwemvelo komzimba womuntu ekwandeni kashukela wegazi ngemuva kokudla. Kungakho kufanele kuthathwe ngaphambi nje kokudla noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokudla.

I-insulin emfushane yesifo sikashukela

I-insulin yesifo sikashukela isiza ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezinkinga, yelula impilo yesifo sikashukela futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yayo. Futhi, imijovo yalesi sidakamizwa inciphisa umthwalo kumanyikwe, okunomthelela ekubuyiselweni okuyingxenye kwamaseli we-beta.

Umphumela ofanayo ungatholakala ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokuqaliswa okuyikho kohlelo lokwelashwa futhi ulandele irekhodi elinconywe udokotela. Ukubuyiselwa kwamaseli we-beta kungenzeka futhi ngesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 kuphela uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokwelashwa ngaphandle kokulibala.
Imvamisa, isidakamizwa senziwa nge-intramuscularly noma ngokwezifiso ngesirinji eyenziwe ngendlela ekhethekile ye-insulin. Kutholakala kuphela lapho unesibindi sikashukela, ukuphathwa okuphathelene nomuthi okuvunyelwe. Umthamo uqokwa ngamunye, kucatshangelwa ubunzima besifo, izinga likashukela emzimbeni kanye nesimo jikelele sesiguli.

Imijovo ye-insulin ibhalwe kumithamo engu-2-3 ngosuku isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokudla. Umthamo ojwayelekile wesidakamizwa uqhamuka emayunithi ayishumi kuya kwangama-40 ngosuku.

Ngo-lukhathaza wesifo sikashukela, kudingeka inani elikhulu lomuthi: ukuphathwa kwe-subcutaneous - kusuka kuma-PIECES ayi-100 nangaphezulu, nokuphatha okuphathelene nokungena ngaphakathi - kuze kufike kuma-50 PIECES ngosuku. Ekwelapheni i-taxidermy yesifo sikashukela, inani le-insulin libalwa ngokuhambisana nobunzima besifo esikhona. Kwezinye izimo, inani elikhulu le-ejenti ye-hormonal alidingeki, kunconywa ukwethula imithamo emincane, kepha kaningi.

Ukusabela Okubi Nokuxhunyaniswa

I-insulin ayikhuthazwa ukuthi isetshenziswe ne:

i-pancreatitis
ihepatitis
jade

isifo senhliziyo esibolile
isifo sezinso
izilonda zokulimala kwesifunda esiswini kanye ne-duodenum.

Ukuphendula okuyinhloko ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-ejenti ye-hormonal kwenzeka lapho izincomo zemithamo zingalandelwa. Lokhu kuhambisana nokwanda okukhulu kwe-insulin emfuleni wegazi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ibandakanya:

ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile;
ukukhuphuka kokujuluka;
izibuko
ukwanda kwesisulu;
isiyezi.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu zokunyuka okubucayi kwe-hormone esegazini (uma kungekho ukuphathwa okufika ngesikhathi kwama-carbohydrate), ukukhohliswa kungahle kwenzeke, kuhambisane nokulahlekelwa ukwazi kanye ne-hypoglycemic coma.

Amalungiselelo amafushane we-insulin

Zonke izidakamizwa eziqukethe ama-insulin amafushane omuntu noma izifaniso zazo zinezimpawu ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, zingashintshwa, zibheka imithamo efanayo, ngokubonisana nodokotela kwangaphambilini kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa okuncane kwamagama e-insulin abambela futhi enza ngokushesha

Okuthandwa kakhulu nemithi isenzo esifushane yilezi:

I-Actrapid (izindleko eziphakathi kwama-ruble angama-380)

- Kukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa iSaccharomyces cerevisiae isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DNA esebenza kabusha. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwengxenye esebenzayo emzimbeni sinqunywa isilinganiso saso sokumuncwa. Kuya ngomthamo, endaweni, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kanye nendlela yokuphatha. Umphumela womuthi uqala imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva komjovo. I-insulin ephezulu kakhulu etholakala ngemuva kwenkathi yesikhathi esilingana namahora ayi-1.5-3,5 futhi ubude besikhathi sokwenza kwayo buyehluka kusuka emahoreni ayi-7 kuye kwayi-8.

I-Humulin (intengo ama-ruble angama-530)

- umuthi onomphumela we-hypoglycemic. Kuthuthukiswa ngesisekelo se-insulin ye-biosynthetic yomuntu futhi kuhlobene nabaphatheli behomoni besikhathi esifushane noma esiphakathi. Umuthi uqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokuphathwa ngehora. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kutholakala ngemuva kwamahora ama-1-3, futhi ubude besikhathi sokuhlala emzimbeni amahora angama-5-8.

I-Iletin (intengo ephakathi kusuka kuma-ruble angama-400)

- ukwakheka kwalesi sidakamizwa kufaka i-insulin-zinc pork monocomponent. Umuthi unesikhathi esifushane nesiphakathi sokuvezwa, ngenxa yezinga lokufakwa kwento esebenzayo. Ukuqala kokuvezwa kwezidakamizwa kwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora angama-2,5, futhi umphumela omkhulu usukela emahoreni ayi-7 kuye kwayi-15. I-zinc ye-insulin ikhishwa emzimbeni ngosuku olungaphezulu kokuphathwa.

Ukulungiselela kwe-Ultrafast:

I-Novorapid (intengo 1700 rub.)

- Kukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa iSaccharomyces cerevisiae ngokubuyiselwa kwe-amino acid nge-aspartic acid. Isikhathi sokuchayeka ngomuthi sisifushane kunalesi insulin yomuntu e-soluble. Ngemuva kokuphatha, umsebenzi wayo uqala ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eyi-10-20. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu egazini lifinyelelwa ngemuva kwamahora ama-1-3. Isenzo sihlala ngemuva komjovo amahora amathathu kuya kwayi-5.

I-Humalog (isilinganiso esilinganayo ngebhokisi ngalinye lama-ruble angama-550)

- I-analogue ye-insulin yomuntu, ebonakaliswa ukuqala okusheshayo kanye nokuphela kokusebenza kahle kuqhathaniswa nezidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokubambisana. Ijubane lomphumela waso kungenxa yesakhiwo se-monomeric samangqamuzana e-humalogue. Ngemuva komjovo, umenzeli we-hormonal uqala ukuthinta umzimba womuntu ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-15. I-peak okuhlushwa ibonwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 noma amahora angama-2,5. Kukhululwa ngemuva kwamahora ama-3-4.

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