Isifo sikashukela sibhekwa njengesifo esibi kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga zaso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula kwe-pathology, akulula kangako ukuyikhomba ngisho nangolwazi lwezimpawu ezinkulu zokubonisa. Ngakho-ke, ingahlala isikhathi eside, ibe nomphumela olimazayo kuwo wonke umzimba. Kulokhu, umbuzo wokuthi kungani isifo sikashukela siyingozi siba ofanele.
Lolu lwazi lunconyelwe ukuthi lufundelwe noma imuphi umuntu, ngoba akekho ovikelekile ngokuphelele ekuqubukeni kwe-pathology enjalo. Ukwazi kuzosiza ngokuzayo ukwakha umbono owanele walesi sifo ngokukhonjwa kwemiphumela okungenzeka nokuthi kudalwe izindlela zokuvimbela ukwenzeka kwezinkinga eziningi.
Siyini isifo sikashukela
Igama elithi "isifo sikashukela" ekuhunyushweni okungokoqobo kusuka olimini lwesiLatini lisho "ukuphelelwa yisikhathi." Ukukhetha okunjalo kodokotela baseRoma kusekelwe ikakhulu kokubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo okuvame kakhulu - ukuchama kaningi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwasungulwa ngochwepheshe ukuthi lapho kususwa umchamo emzimbeni, ushukela nawo uwushiya - kwaqanjwa igama eliphelele le-pathology.
Labo abathintwe yilesi sifo baneziphazamiso ku-metabolism, ngenxa yokuthi ushukela, ongena emzimbeni kanye nokudla, awukwazi ukudiliza futhi ukudonsa. Ngalesi sizathu, ihlala egazini, futhi emva kwalokho ingxenye ethile iphuma nomchamo.
Amazinga weglucose akhuphukile ayimbangela yokwakhiwa kwama-pathologies wezinhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo sikashukela sithinta i-retina, okuholela ekukhubazekeni okubukwayo. Enye inkinga ihambisana nomsebenzi we-renal kanye ne-hepatic.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka ejwayelekile kashukela wegazi kubandakanya imiphumela emibi, kuze kufinyelele ku-coma.
Isifo sikashukela sinciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila. Kepha ngokubona lesi sifo ngesikhathi, kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa kanye nezindlela zokuhlunyeleliswa kwazo, isiguli singakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iminyaka eyishumi ikhona.
Izimbangela Zezinkinga
Ukwakheka kwezinkinga akwenzeki kanjalo nje - kunezizathu ezithile ezithinta ukuqina kwemiphumela.
- Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukugqamisa izinga elikhuphukile loshukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuleli cala, ukuhlala kwalo kubalulekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umzimba umelana nalesi simo isikhathi esithile, uzama ukususa ushukela ngokweqile egazini. Kepha ekugcineni, izinsizakusebenza ziyanqunyelwa, ngenxa yalokho okuthinteka kuzo zonke izakhiwo. Eqinisweni, ukutholwa okufika ngesikhathi kwe-pathology kuyiphuzu elibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha noma yiziphi izinsuku ezithile, ngoba isitho ngasinye somuntu ngamunye, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngamunye unephuzu lakhe elibucayi.
- Ukuba khona kwehla ngokungazelelwe emazingeni kashukela nakho kuyindlela ebalulekile. Igebe elamukelekayo phakathi kwenani eliphansi neliphezulu ngu-5 mmol / l.
- Izinga lokukhuphuka noma ukwehla kwe-glucose linendima ekuveleni kwezinkinga. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqamisa inkomba yesibili - akufanele idlule i-4 mmol / l ngehora. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi esimweni sokwehla ngokushesha kwamazinga kashukela, umzimba ungasebenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela, ozodala ukusabela kwe-posthypoglycemic - kune-glucose ethe xaxa egazini futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuguqula okungenani ngandlela thile.
- Ukuba sengozini komuntu ngamunye komzimba. Kulokhu, ngisho nazo zonke izincomo zokwelashwa, ubungozi bezinkinga zokulwa nesifo sikashukela luphezulu. Lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana nesilinganiso sothando lwe-yegilo.
Ngokusobala, imbangela yokugcina yezinkinga ayinakulungiswa ngandlela thile.
Ngokuqondene nezimbili zokuqala, ukulandela imiyalo yochwepheshe, zingacishe zihlukaniswe ngokuphelele emkhakheni wethonya emzimbeni.
Izinkinga ezinkulu
Ngokusho kwezifundo zokuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, ochwepheshe bahlukanisa imikhakha emibili yezinkinga ezingenzeka: i-acute, umlingiswa yohlobo lwe-1 pathology, futhi engalapheki, yohlobo 2.
Isici esihlukanisayo seqembu lokuqala ukwenzeka kwalo ngokuzumayo, okwenza kube yingozi impela ngenxa yokungalawuleki ngokuphelele. Ngokuqondene nesici sokuthuthuka, ezimweni eziningi lezi izinguquko ezibukhali emazingeni kashukela egazini.
Kulokhu, izinkinga ezilandelayo ezinzima ku-mellitus yesifo sikashukela zingahlukaniswa:
- Isifo sikashukela sikashukela. Ukusabela komzimba ekukhupheni okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela. Iziveza njengokudideka ngokuphulwa okubukhali kwenqubo yokuphefumula. Imvamisa kunephunga elithile le-acetone. Uma lokhu kufinyelele emgaqweni noma esondweni lemoto, khona-ke ingozi yokulimala kakhulu iphezulu, ngoba isiguli silahlekile futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi asikwazi ukulawula umzimba wakhe. Uma ungaxhumani nodokotela ngesikhathi esifanele, khona-ke esikhathini esizayo umuntu ulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukwazi futhi angafa.
- I-ketoacidosis. Kubonakala ngokuqongelela imikhiqizo ye-metabolic egazini ngenxa yokuthi ukwehluleka kwenzeka kanjani kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba.
- I-Hypoglycemic coma. Kwakhiwa ngenxa yokuncipha okukhulu kwamazinga kashukela. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzivocavoca okukhulu ngokomzimba, ngemuva kokuphuza utshwala, noma uma isiguli sisebenzise umthamo omningi wezidakamizwa ukwehlisa ushukela.
- I-Lactic acidosis coma. Enye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu zesifo sikashukela. Ngenxa yokwephulwa ezakhiweni zomzimba, izinga le-lactic acid egazini liyanda. Ukuvezwa kushubile impela, ukubukeka kobuhlungu emisipha, kanye nokungakhathaleli okukhulu nokuqina. Ngokukhula kwesifo, ubuhlungu besisu buyanda. Uma isiguli singanikezwa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, lapho-ke ikoma ingawa.
Ingozi yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 ibonakala ngokuthi isimo sesiguli singonakala kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela ukubonakaliswa kokuqala, izihlobo ezisondelene nesiguli kufanele ziqinisekise ngokushesha ukwelashwa kwakhe esibhedlela, ngoba ukusindisa impilo nokuphila, ukubala kuya phambili.
Izinkinga ezingamahlalakhona
Izinkinga ezingalapheki zenzeka kuphela esimeni sikashukela esihlala siphakeme nokuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwe-insulin egazini. Zibhekene nohlobo 2 sikashukela mellitus.
Imiphumela enjalo yenziwa kancane kancane, kepha kunobunzima ukuyikhipha. Imvamisa, unganciphisa kuphela izinga lomonakalo.
Njengomphumela womsebenzi wezinkinga ezinjalo, isiguli siphelelwa amandla okusebenza kusenesikhathi, kuba nezinkinga ezithile ezenzeka emsebenzini wezinqubo ezibalulekile zangaphakathi, izinhlekelele ze-vascular development, okugcina kuholele ekufeni ezimweni eziningi.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwemiphumela emibi yesifo sikashukela, okulandelayo kungahlukaniswa:
- I-retinopathy I-retina yeso iyathinteka, ngenxa yalokho umbono wawo wehla uze uqede ubumpumputhe.
- I-Nephropathy Kubonakala ngomphumela olimazayo ezintweni zokuhlungwa kwezinso. Uma ungalandeli ukudla okuqinile, khona manjalo umzimba uzo "vimba", ngenxa yalokho - "i-wilting" yesikhashana.
- I-Macroangiopathy yemikhawulo engezansi. I-atherossteotic plaque iyenzeka, ebangela ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nokuqumbana ngezikhathi ezithile. Ubuhlungu buyenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba emilenzeni.
- Encephalopathy Ingqondo iyathinteka, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iholele kubuhlungu bekhanda obunzima, ubuthakathaka, ukulahleka kwenkumbulo nokwazi. Noma yimuphi umthelela ebuchosheni obukhulu kakhulu, ngoba lesi sitho sinomthwalo wokusebenza kwezinhlelo eziningi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi kunquma ikhono lomuntu lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke esimweni sokwenzeka kwesiphazamiso ebuchosheni, izinqubo zengqondo zesiguli ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu.
- I-Peripheral polyneuropathy. Ukwephulwa kwakhiwa emsebenzini weziphetho zezinzwa zamalungu. Ngokuqondene nokuboniswa, ukubekezela okuyingxenye noma ukuhwaqa kungahlukaniswa. Kwesinye isikhathi ukucindezelwa kuhambisana nobuhlungu kanye nokuqunjelwa kobusuku.
- I-Autonomic neuropathy. Izinkinga zomsebenzi wezinzwa zokuphetha kohlelo lwezinzwa ezizimele zezakhiwo zangaphakathi ziyavela. Kubhekwa njengomunye wemiphumela ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela. Inendima ebalulekile ekukhubazekeni nasekunciphiseni ikhwalithi yempilo yeziguli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwandisa ingozi yokufa kungazelelwe, ngoba i-pathology ithinta umsebenzi wenhliziyo, isisu, amathumbu. Ukungasebenzi ngocansi kuyakheka.
- I-Osteoarthropathy. Inkinga engandile kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, okuthi, ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, iholele ekukhubazekeni. Kubonakala ngokulimala kwezicubu zamathambo kanye nokuhlangana, okuholela ekubhujisweni komumo wamalungu.
- Kufanele futhi ucabangele i-hyperglycemia engapheli - ukwanda kwe-glucose yegazi. Ngenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwesifo senhliziyo nemiphumela yaso. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-pathology ithinta kabi izindonga zemikhumbi ye-coronary. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi, okungenzeka ngezinga eliphakeme kungaholela ekufeni.
Ngakho-ke, lapho sesithole ukuthi yini esisongela isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, singaphetha ngokuthi isifo esinjalo kancane kodwa singalawuleki siholela ogulayo emphethweni wemvelo.
Yebo, isiguli singalandela yonke imiyalo kadokotela, kepha ifomu elingapheliyo libonisa inhloso yayo - umzimba uzophela kancane kancane, ngaphandle kwemizamo yesiguli. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi izindlela zokwelashwa kanye nokuvuselela zinciphisa izinqubo ezonakalisayo, ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kwazo kuyadingeka ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.
Ngokuthi hlobo luphi lwesifo sikashukela oluyingozi kakhudlwana: 1 noma 2, kuleli cala akunakwenzeka ukuthi unikeze impendulo eqondile, ngoba ifomu ngalinye linobunzima obuthile, obuphawula ubukhulu bokubonakaliswa ngakunye.
