Ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi. Noma iyiphi yalezi zidakamizwa kufanele ichazwe udokotela oholayo, ngoba kuyadingeka ukubheka zonke izici zesifo somuntu.
Isifo sikashukela
Kukhona uhlobo lukashukela olukhula lwanele ngezimpawu ze-latent. Ngokuvela kokuqala kwalesi sifo, kunikezwa izinqubo eziningana okufanele zenziwe yisiguli:
- ukuguqulwa kokudla okufanele;
- ukusetshenziswa komzimba okuguqukayo kuyasetshenziswa;
- isiguli kufanele siqhubeke nendlela yokuphila enempilo;
- inkambo yokwelashwa ngemithi iqala.
Esikhathini sikashukela, yonke imishanguzo ethathwa ngumuntu ibekwa ngqo kudokotela ohambayo, ongagcini nje ngokululeka isiguli, kodwa futhi enza ukwelashwa kanye nokuqapha isiguli.
Kwezigaba ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela, kusetshenziswa iqoqo elehlukile lezidakamizwa, kuyilapho kucatshangelwa izici eziningana:
- inani lezidakamizwa alikwazi ukusetshenziswa ndawonye;
- izidakamizwa ezingavamile kakhulu noma amaphilisi ohlobo 2 sikashukela ukunciphisa ushukela wegazi angathengwa ekhemisi ngaphandle kokuthola udokotela
- uma kunesidingo, usonhlalonhle ubeka inkambo yokwelashwa lapho ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kushintsha khona ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuyilapho kungafanele kube nokusetshenziswa okuhlanganyelwe kwale mishanguzo, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekwehlekeni ushukela okukhulu;
- Imithi inendlela ehlukile ngokuya ngemiphumela emzimbeni.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuyalelwa uchwepheshe, noma yisiphi isidakamizwa ngeke sithathwe, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwempilo. Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ngenxa yezimpawu zalo nokukhula kwaso, kudinga ukubhekwa okukhethekile kwemithi.
Imithetho Yokwamukela
Noma yisiphi isidakamizwa sikashukela ophezulu sinesakhiwo esikhethekile sokwamukela:
- konke ukuqokwa kwenziwa ngudokotela obonayo, lapho isiguli sibhekwa kuye. Uchwepheshe kuphela ongabheka zonke izici zomzimba nezifo zesiguli;
- umthamo ulawulwa ngokuqinile uchwepheshe obeke izidakamizwa zohlobo oluthile;
- akunakuphikwa ukuthi kufanele uthathe umuthi ohlelweni noma wephule inqubo yansuku zonke, okuwukuthi, umuthi onqunyelwe izikhathi ezintathu esimweni sansuku zonke akufanele uthathwe kuphela ngesikhathi esisodwa sosuku ngomthamo ophelele wansuku zonke;
- nganoma imiphi imiphumela emibi noma ukusabela komzimba, kufanele wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ushukela omkhulu nezidakamizwa ukuze wehlise izakhi ezikhethekile lapho imiphumela emibi ivame ukungavikeleki. Kungakho izidakamizwa zingakhethwa ngawodwana.
Izigaba zezidakamizwa
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa olwehlisa amazinga kashukela lungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokusho komzimba womuntu ogulayo. Isigaba ngasinye sinezimpawu zaso, kuyilapho kukhona nemiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene kanye nezinga elehlukile lokuhambisana.
Kunemikhakha emithathu isiyonke:
- isigaba sokuqala sifaka iqembu lezidakamizwa ezisiza ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngamanyikwe;
- iqembu lezidakamizwa elikhulisa ukwanda kwe-insulin;
- iqembu lesithathu lifaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezimbalwa ezinciphisa ukumuncwa kwama-carbohydrate lapho kudlula emgudwini wamathumbu.
Izici zesigaba sokuqala:
- yiziphi izidakamizwa okufanele zinikeze isiguli ukunqunywa ngudokotela, ngoba ukusabela kwalesi sigaba semithi kuyinto eyodwa;
- Isidakamizwa ngasinye esigabeni sokuqala sinesikhathi esithile sokwenza, ngakho-ke, isilinganiso kanye nesikhathi sokwamukelwa akufanele sephulwe;
- isigaba sokuqala sezidakamizwa sinokuhambisana okuphansi komunye nomunye;
- inhlanganisela kungenzeka nezidakamizwa zamaqembu amanye;
- kungadala imiphumela emibi, kufaka phakathi indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo zesibili.
Kubantu abanezifo ezihlobene noshukela, amagama emithi kashukela kufanele akhunjulwe. Imvamisa, ochwepheshe baqhuba inkambo yokwelashwa ne-Amarin, Diabeteson, Novonorm.
Isigaba sesibili sifaka imiphumela emiphumela emihle yezidakamizwa egxile ekwandeni kwe-insulin. Lesi sigaba sinezici eziningi ezihlukanisayo:
- izinga lokwephuka kweshukela likhuphuka;
- imiphumela emincane mincane;
- lungasetshenziswa ngezinga eliphakeme lokukhuluphala;
- ilungele uhlobo 2 sikashukela;
- zihambisane kahle nesigaba sokuqala, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-insulin ingasetshenziswa nabo kuyinkimbinkimbi;
- ngempatho eyinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuka.
Isigaba sesibili sisetshenziswa ekwelashweni kaningi, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, iSiofor, ziyasetshenziswa lapho kukhona uhlobo lwashukela lokugcina.
Isigaba sesithathu sifaka izidakamizwa ezilawula amazinga kashukela. Okusho ukuthi, kunakekelwa izinga lapho ushukela lungavuki. Izici:
- imvamisa ukwelashwa kwenziwa yiGlucobay;
- kunemiphumela emibi eminingana evela ngokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-carbohydrate;
- ngokuvamile kuboniswa ukwanda kwezinqubo zokwakha igesi nokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla.
Noma yisiphi isigaba sezidakamizwa singabekezeleleka ngasese esigulini.
Intuthuko yakamuva
Ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha, kuye kwaba nentuthuko yezidakamizwa yokwelapha ushukela, edlula imikhakha yangaphambi kwezidakamizwa kuzinkomba zazo. Izici zamathuluzi wakamuva ahlukahlukene kakhulu:
- kunezidakamizwa zohlobo loketshezi ezifakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amaphilisi;
- kusebenze kwenziwa kuphela ngokwanda kwamazinga kashukela;
- kunokuhambisana nezidakamizwa zanoma yisiphi isigaba;
- kuhlangene ne-insulin.
Uma kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa zoshukela wegazi, khona-ke igama nezindlela zokuphatha kufanele zilawulwe ngokuphelele ngudokotela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho kunqunywa, udokotela oholayo ukhombisa ngokuqondile ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lokuthatha umuthi, okungukuthi, kuketshezi noma kumathebulethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishanguzo eminingi ingahluka ngezinhlamvu ezimbili kuphela, ngakho-ke uma ungabaza, udinga ukuthola igama eliqondile lomuthi elivela kudokotela wakho. Konke lokhu kungenxa ye-contraindication, kokubili okujwayelekile nokukodwa.
Contraindication
Imithi enciphisa amazinga kashukela, ngine-contraindication ethile ephoqelekile, okungukuthi, lapho kukhona noma ikuphi ukwephulwa, izidakamizwa azivame ukubekwa. Contraindication:
- ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zomuthi;
- uma kunesimo esibucayi, ngokwesibonelo, ukoma;
- uma umsebenzi wezinso noma wesibindi unokwephulwa okukhulu;
- ukukhulelwa kanye nokuncelisa;
- ingane isencane;
- uma umuntu eseneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha noma ephuza utshwala, khona-ke imishanguzo ithathwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuqondile kochwepheshe;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine nakho kubalulekile ukulawula.
Ngaphezu kwe-contraindication, kunemiphumela emibi eminingana engaba yodwa.
Lapho kukhona noma yiliphi iqiniso elihlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa, kufanele uthinte uchwepheshe ngokushesha ukuze unikeze olunye uhlobo lomuthi noma uhoxise umuthi ngokuphelele.
